摘要:
There is provided an apparatus that includes a film that undergoes a chemical reaction when exposed to a species. The chemical reaction causes an alteration of a physical property of the film as an indicator of the species.
摘要:
In-situ cleaning of optical components for use in a lithographic projection apparatus can be carried out by irradiating a space within the apparatus containing the optical component with UV or EUV radiation having a wavelength of less than 250 nm, in the presence of molecular oxygen. Generally, the space will be purged with an ozoneless purge gas which contains a small amount of molecular oxygen in addition to the usual purge gas composition. The technique can also be used in an evacuated space by introducing a low pressure of molecular oxygen into the space.