公开(公告)号：US09135691B2

公开(公告)日：2015-09-15

申请号：US13891235

申请日：2013-05-10

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： James W. Knight ,  Qigui Wang

IPC: G06K9/00 ,  G06T7/00 ,  G06T7/40

CPC classification number: G06T7/0004 ,  G06T7/41 ,  G06T2207/10061 ,  G06T2207/30116

Abstract: A quantitative metallographic method to measure pore sizes and pore distributions in cast aluminum components. An image of a location of interest in a cast component sample is first obtained using an image analyzer. Spacing criteria, such as a measure of the secondary dendrite arm spacing, may be used with the received image to provide evidence of pore clustering. This allows the system to performing calculations to determine if multiple pores can be clustered or grouped together as a single pore in three-dimensional space. From this, the total area of the pores in each of these groups or clusters is calculated and used as a representation of the pore area for that cluster. In general, pore size and pore distribution measurements in cast components achieved by the present invention show accurate predictions of pore size and spacing, and in particular evidence a reduced tendency to under-predict the size and distribution of actual pores.

Abstract translation: 用于测量铸铝组分中的孔径和孔分布的定量金相法。 首先使用图像分析仪获得投射成分样本中感兴趣的位置的图像。 间隔标准，例如二次枝晶臂间距的测量，可以与接收的图像一起使用以提供孔聚集的证据。 这允许系统执行计算以确定多孔是否可以聚集或组合在一起作为三维空间中的单个孔。 由此，计算每个这些组或簇中的孔的总面积，并将其用作该簇的孔面积的表示。 通常，通过本发明实现的铸造组分中的孔径和孔分布测量显示了孔径和间距的准确预测，并且特别地证明了预测实际孔的尺寸和分布的降低的倾向。

公开(公告)号：US20150294448A1

公开(公告)日：2015-10-15

申请号：US14253119

申请日：2014-04-15

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Qigui Wang ,  Wenying Yang ,  James W. Knight

IPC: G06T7/00

CPC classification number: G06T7/0004 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G06T2207/30136

Abstract: A quantitative metallographic method to measure skin layer thickness in high pressure die cast aluminum components. Because the faster-cooling skin layer region exhibits a higher volume fraction of eutectic phases than that of a slower-cooling inner region, measurements showing such higher eutectic phases can be used to quantify such layer thickness. An image at various thicknesses of a location of interest in a cast component sample is first obtained using an image analyzer, from which eutectic volume fractions within each of the received images may be determined. Comparisons of the determined volume fractions can be made against a known or predicted quantity for a particular alloy composition, and then correlated to the skin layer thickness via differences between the received or measured quantities and those of the known standard.

Abstract translation: 用于测量高压压铸铝组件中的表层厚度的定量金相法。 因为更快冷却的表皮层区域表现出比较慢冷却的内部区域更高的共晶相体积分数，所以可以使用显示这种更高共晶相的测量来量化这种层厚度。 首先使用图像分析仪获得铸件成分样品中感兴趣位置的各种厚度的图像，从而可以确定每个接收图像内的共晶体积分数。 可以针对特定合金组合物的已知或预测量对所确定的体积分数进行比较，然后通过接收或测量的量与已知标准物质之间的差异与皮肤层厚度相关。

公开(公告)号：US09576352B2

公开(公告)日：2017-02-21

申请号：US14253119

申请日：2014-04-15

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Qigui Wang ,  Wenying Yang ,  James W. Knight

IPC: G06T7/00 ,  G01N21/88

CPC classification number: G06T7/0004 ,  G01N21/88 ,  G06T2207/30136

Abstract: A quantitative metallographic method to measure skin layer thickness in high pressure die cast aluminum components. Because the faster-cooling skin layer region exhibits a higher volume fraction of eutectic phases than that of a slower-cooling inner region, measurements showing such higher eutectic phases can be used to quantify such layer thickness. An image at various thicknesses of a location of interest in a cast component sample is first obtained using an image analyzer, from which eutectic volume fractions within each of the received images may be determined. Comparisons of the determined volume fractions can be made against a known or predicted quantity for a particular alloy composition, and then correlated to the skin layer thickness via differences between the received or measured quantities and those of the known standard.

Abstract translation: 用于测量高压压铸铝组件中的表层厚度的定量金相法。 因为更快冷却的表皮层区域表现出比较慢冷却的内部区域更高的共晶相体积分数，所以可以使用显示这种更高共晶相的测量来量化这种层厚度。 首先使用图像分析仪获得铸件成分样品中感兴趣位置的各种厚度的图像，从而可以确定每个接收图像内的共晶体积分数。 可以针对特定合金组合物的已知或预测量对所确定的体积分数进行比较，然后通过接收或测量的量与已知标准物质之间的差异与皮肤层厚度相关。

公开(公告)号：US20130336576A1

公开(公告)日：2013-12-19

申请号：US13891235

申请日：2013-05-10

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： James W. Knight ,  Qigui Wang

IPC: G06T7/00

CPC classification number: G06T7/0004 ,  G06T7/41 ,  G06T2207/10061 ,  G06T2207/30116

Abstract: A quantitative metallographic method to measure pore sizes and pore distributions in cast aluminum components. An image of a location of interest in a cast component sample is first obtained using an image analyzer. Spacing criteria, such as a measure of the secondary dendrite arm spacing, may be used with the received image to provide evidence of pore clustering. This allows the system to performing calculations to determine if multiple pores can be clustered or grouped together as a single pore in three-dimensional space. From this, the total area of the pores in each of these groups or clusters is calculated and used as a representation of the pore area for that cluster. In general, pore size and pore distribution measurements in cast components achieved by the present invention show accurate predictions of pore size and spacing, and in particular evidence a reduced tendency to under-predict the size and distribution of actual pores.

Abstract translation: 用于测量铸铝组分中的孔径和孔分布的定量金相法。 首先使用图像分析仪获得投射成分样本中感兴趣的位置的图像。 间隔标准，例如二次枝晶臂间距的测量，可以与接收的图像一起使用以提供孔聚集的证据。 这允许系统执行计算以确定多孔是否可以聚集或组合在一起作为三维空间中的单个孔。 由此，计算每个这些组或簇中的孔的总面积，并将其用作该簇的孔面积的表示。 通常，通过本发明实现的铸造组分中的孔径和孔分布测量显示了孔径和间距的准确预测，并且特别地证明了预测实际孔的尺寸和分布的降低的倾向。

公开(公告)号：US09500594B2

公开(公告)日：2016-11-22

申请号：US14070609

申请日：2013-11-04

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Qigui Wang ,  James W. Knight ,  Devin R. Hess

IPC: G06K9/00 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G06T7/40

CPC classification number: G01N21/84 ,  G06T7/41 ,  G06T2207/10056 ,  G06T2207/30116

Abstract: A method to automatically quantify dendrite arm spacing in dendritic microstructures. Once a location of interest in a cast material specimen has been identified, the information contained in it is automatically analyzed to quantify dendrite cell size information that is subsequently converted into a quantified dendrite arm spacing through an empirical relationship or a theoretical relationship. In one form, the relationship between DCS and DAS is such that the DAS in dendritic structure of cast aluminum alloys may be automatically determined from the measurement of one or more of dendrite cell size and the actual volume fraction of the eutectic phases in the local casting microstructure. Non-equilibrium conditions may be accounted for in situations where a theoretical volume fraction of a eutectic phase of the alloy in equilibrium condition is appropriately modified. Thus, in situations where equilibrium conditions—such as those where the casting is cooled very slowly during solidification—does not apply (such as during rapid cooling and consequent solidification), the eutectic measured in the non-equilibrium condition, which can be smaller than the theoretical value in equilibrium, can be accounted for.

公开(公告)号：US08942462B2

公开(公告)日：2015-01-27

申请号：US13757914

申请日：2013-02-04

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Qigui Wang ,  James W. Knight

IPC: G06K9/00 ,  G06T7/00 ,  G06T7/40

CPC classification number: G06T7/0004 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06T7/41 ,  G06T2207/10056 ,  G06T2207/30116

Abstract: A method to automatically quantify dendrite arm spacing in dendritic microstructures. Once a location of interest in a cast material specimen has been identified, the information contained in it is automatically analyzed to quantify dendrite cell size information that is subsequently converted into a quantified dendrite arm spacing through an empirical relationship or a theoretical relationship. In one form, the relationship between DCS and DAS is such that the DAS in dendritic structure of cast aluminum alloys may be automatically determined from the measurement of one or more of dendrite cell size and the actual volume fraction of the eutectic phases in the local casting microstructure. Non-equilibrium conditions may be accounted for in situations where a theoretical volume fraction of a eutectic phase of the alloy in equilibrium condition is appropriately modified. Thus, in situations where equilibrium conditions—such as those where the casting is cooled very slowly during solidification—does not apply (such as during rapid cooling and consequent solidification), the eutectic measured in the non-equilibrium condition, which can be smaller than the theoretical value in equilibrium, can be accounted for.

Abstract translation: 树枝状微结构中树突臂间距自动量化的方法。 一旦已经识别出铸造材料样品中感兴趣的位置，则自动分析其中包含的信息以量化树突状细胞尺寸信息，随后通过经验关系或理论关系将信号转化为量化枝晶臂间距。 在一种形式中，DCS和DAS之间的关系使得铸铝合金树枝状结构中的DAS可以通过测量本地铸造中的共晶相的枝晶晶粒尺寸和实际体积分数中的一种或多种来自动确定 微观结构。 在平衡条件下合金的共晶相的理论体积分数适当改变的情况下，可以考虑非平衡条件。 因此，在平衡条件（例如铸造在凝固期间非常缓慢地冷却的条件）的情况下不适用（例如在快速冷却和随后的凝固期间），在非平衡条件下测量的共晶体可以小于 平衡的理论价值，可以解释。

公开(公告)号：US20140119612A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-01

申请号：US14070609

申请日：2013-11-04

Applicant: GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Inventor： Qigui Wang ,  James W. Knight ,  Devin R. Hess

IPC: G01N21/84

CPC classification number: G01N21/84 ,  G06T7/41 ,  G06T2207/10056 ,  G06T2207/30116

Abstract: A method to automatically quantify dendrite arm spacing in dendritic microstructures. Once a location of interest in a cast material specimen has been identified, the information contained in it is automatically analyzed to quantify dendrite cell size information that is subsequently converted into a quantified dendrite arm spacing through an empirical relationship or a theoretical relationship. In one form, the relationship between DCS and DAS is such that the DAS in dendritic structure of cast aluminum alloys may be automatically determined from the measurement of one or more of dendrite cell size and the actual volume fraction of the eutectic phases in the local casting microstructure. Non-equilibrium conditions may be accounted for in situations where a theoretical volume fraction of a eutectic phase of the alloy in equilibrium condition is appropriately modified. Thus, in situations where equilibrium conditions—such as those where the casting is cooled very slowly during solidification—does not apply (such as during rapid cooling and consequent solidification), the eutectic measured in the non-equilibrium condition, which can be smaller than the theoretical value in equilibrium, can be accounted for.

Abstract translation: 树枝状微结构中树突臂间距自动量化的方法。 一旦已经识别出铸造材料样品中感兴趣的位置，则自动分析其中包含的信息以量化树突状细胞尺寸信息，随后通过经验关系或理论关系将信号转化为量化枝晶臂间距。 在一种形式中，DCS和DAS之间的关系使得铸铝合金树枝状结构中的DAS可以通过测量本地铸造中的共晶相的枝晶晶粒尺寸和实际体积分数中的一种或多种来自动确定 微观结构。 在平衡条件下合金的共晶相的理论体积分数适当改变的情况下，可以考虑非平衡条件。 因此，在平衡条件（例如铸造在凝固期间非常缓慢地冷却的条件）的情况下不适用（例如在快速冷却和随后的凝固期间），在非平衡条件下测量的共晶体可以小于 平衡的理论价值，可以解释。

公开(公告)号：US20130272599A1

公开(公告)日：2013-10-17

申请号：US13757914

申请日：2013-02-04

Applicant: GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC

Inventor： Qigui Wang ,  James W. Knight

IPC: G06T7/00

CPC classification number: G06T7/0004 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06T7/41 ,  G06T2207/10056 ,  G06T2207/30116

Abstract: A method to automatically quantify dendrite arm spacing in dendritic microstructures. Once a location of interest in a cast material specimen has been identified, the information contained in it is automatically analyzed to quantify dendrite cell size information that is subsequently converted into a quantified dendrite arm spacing through an empirical relationship or a theoretical relationship. In one form, the relationship between DCS and DAS is such that the DAS in dendritic structure of cast aluminum alloys may be automatically determined from the measurement of one or more of dendrite cell size and the actual volume fraction of the eutectic phases in the local casting microstructure. Non-equilibrium conditions may be accounted for in situations where a theoretical volume fraction of a eutectic phase of the alloy in equilibrium condition is appropriately modified. Thus, in situations where equilibrium conditions—such as those where the casting is cooled very slowly during solidification—does not apply (such as during rapid cooling and consequent solidification), the eutectic measured in the non-equilibrium condition, which can be smaller than the theoretical value in equilibrium, can be accounted for.

Abstract translation: 树枝状微结构中树突臂间距自动量化的方法。 一旦已经识别出铸造材料样品中感兴趣的位置，则自动分析其中包含的信息以量化树突状细胞尺寸信息，随后通过经验关系或理论关系将信号转化为量化枝晶臂间距。 在一种形式中，DCS和DAS之间的关系使得铸铝合金树枝状结构中的DAS可以通过测量本地铸造中的共晶相的枝晶晶粒尺寸和实际体积分数中的一种或多种来自动确定 微观结构。 在平衡条件下合金的共晶相的理论体积分数适当改变的情况下，可以考虑非平衡条件。 因此，在平衡条件（例如铸造在凝固期间非常缓慢地冷却的条件）的情况下不适用（例如在快速冷却和随后的凝固期间），在非平衡条件下测量的共晶体可以小于 平衡的理论价值，可以解释。