公开(公告)号：US06826760B1

公开(公告)日：2004-11-30

申请号：US09334104

申请日：1999-06-16

申请人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

发明人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

IPC分类号： G06F946

CPC分类号： G06F9/44521 ,  G06F8/71 ,  G06F9/44552 ,  G06F9/4484

摘要： Methods of factoring operating system functions into one or more groups of functions are described. Factorization permits operating systems that are not configured to support computing in an object-oriented environment to be used in an object oriented environment. This promotes distributed computing by enabling operating system resources to be instantiated and used across process and machine boundaries. In one embodiment, criteria are defined that govern how functions of an operating system are to be factored into one or more groups. Based on the defined criteria, the functions are factors into groups and groups of functions are then associated with programming objects that have data and methods, wherein the methods correspond to the operating system functions. Applications can call methods on the programming objects either directly or indirectly that, in turn, call operating system functions.

摘要翻译： 描述将操作系统功能分解为一组或多组功能的方法。 因式分解允许未配置为支持面向对象环境中的计算的操作系统，以在面向对象的环境中使用。 这通过使操作系统资源在过程和机器边界之间实例化和使用来促进分布式计算。 在一个实施例中，定义了规范操作系统的功能如何被考虑到一个或多个组中的标准。 基于定义的标准，功能是组成的因素，然后将功能组与具有数据和方法的编程对象相关联，其中所述方法对应于操作系统功能。 应用程序可以直接或间接调用编程对象的方法，从而调用操作系统功能。

公开(公告)号：US07774796B2

公开(公告)日：2010-08-10

申请号：US10994737

申请日：2004-11-22

申请人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

发明人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/44521 ,  G06F8/71 ,  G06F9/44552 ,  G06F9/4484

摘要： Methods of factoring operating system functions into one or more groups of functions are described. Factorization permits operating systems that are not configured to support computing in an object-oriented environment to be used in an object oriented environment. This promotes distributed computing by enabling operating system resources to be instantiated and used across process and machine boundaries. In one embodiment, criteria are defined that govern how functions of an operating system are to be factored into one or more groups. Based on the defined criteria, the functions are factors into groups and groups of functions are then associated with programming objects that have data and methods, wherein the methods correspond to the operating system functions. Applications can call methods on the programming objects either directly or indirectly that, in turn, call operating system functions.

摘要翻译： 描述将操作系统功能分解为一组或多组功能的方法。 因式分解允许未配置为支持面向对象环境中的计算的操作系统，以在面向对象的环境中使用。 这通过使操作系统资源在过程和机器边界之间实例化和使用来促进分布式计算。 在一个实施例中，定义了规范操作系统的功能如何被考虑到一个或多个组中的标准。 基于定义的标准，功能是组成的因素，然后将功能组与具有数据和方法的编程对象相关联，其中所述方法对应于操作系统功能。 应用程序可以直接或间接调用编程对象的方法，从而调用操作系统功能。

公开(公告)号：US07681207B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-16

申请号：US10973035

申请日：2004-10-25

申请人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

发明人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/44521 ,  G06F8/71 ,  G06F9/44552 ,  G06F9/4484

摘要： Methods of factoring operating system functions into one or more groups of functions are described. Factorization permits operating systems that are not configured to support computing in an object-oriented environment to be used in an object oriented environment. This promotes distributed computing by enabling operating system resources to be instantiated and used across process and machine boundaries. In one embodiment, criteria are defined that govern how functions of an operating system are to be factored into one or more groups. Based on the defined criteria, the functions are factors into groups and groups of functions are then associated with programming objects that have data and methods, wherein the methods correspond to the operating system functions. Applications can call methods on the programming objects either directly or indirectly that, in turn, call operating system functions.

公开(公告)号：US07334235B2

公开(公告)日：2008-02-19

申请号：US10385381

申请日：2003-03-10

申请人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

发明人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets, Jr.

IPC分类号： G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/465 ,  G06F2209/463

摘要： Operating system functions are defined as objects that are collections of data and methods. The objects represent operating system resources. The resource objects can be instantiated and used across process and machine boundaries. Each object has an associated handle that is stored in its private state. When an application requests a resource, it is given a second handle or pseudo handle that corresponds with the handle in the object's private state. The second handle is valid across process and machine boundaries and all access to the object takes place through the second handle. This greatly facilitates remote computing. In preferred embodiments, the objects are COM objects and remote computing is facilitated through the use of Distributed COM (DCOM) techniques. Other embodiments of the invention provide legacy and versioning support by identifying each resource, rather than the overall operating system, with a unique identifier that can specified by an application. Different versions of the same resource have different identifiers. This ensures that applications that need a specific version of a resource can receive that version. This also ensures that an application can specifically request a particular version of a resource by using its unique identifier, and be assured of receiving that resource. Other embodiments of the invention provide legacy support by intercepting calls for operating system functions and transforming those calls into object calls that can be understood by the resource objects. This is accomplished in preferred embodiments by injecting a level of indirection between an application and an operating system.

摘要翻译： 操作系统功能被定义为数据和方法集合的对象。 对象代表操作系统资源。 资源对象可以在进程和机器边界之间实例化和使用。 每个对象具有存储在其私有状态的关联句柄。 当一个应用程序请求一个资源时，它被赋予与该对象的私有状态中的句柄相对应的第二个句柄或伪句柄。 第二个句柄在进程和机器边界之间是有效的，对对象的所有访问都通过第二个句柄进行。 这极大地促进了远程计算。 在优选实施例中，对象是COM对象，并且通过使用分布式COM（DCOM）技术来促进远程计算。 本发明的其它实施例通过使用可由应用指定的唯一标识符来识别每个资源而不是整个操作系统来提供遗留和版本控制支持。 同一资源的不同版本具有不同的标识符。 这样可确保需要特定版本资源的应用程序可以接收该版本。 这还可以确保应用程序可以通过使用其唯一标识符来特定请求特定版本的资源，并确保接收该资源。 本发明的其他实施例通过拦截对操作系统功能的调用并将这些调用变换成资源对象可以理解的对象调用来提供传统支持。 这在优选实施例中通过在应用程序和操作系统之间注入一定程度的间接来实现。

公开(公告)号：US07739694B2

公开(公告)日：2010-06-15

申请号：US10951306

申请日：2004-09-27

申请人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets

发明人： Galen C. Hunt ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Robert J. Stets

IPC分类号： G06F9/44 ,  G06F9/46

CPC分类号： G06F9/44521 ,  G06F8/71 ,  G06F9/44552 ,  G06F9/4484

摘要： Methods of factoring operating system functions into one or more groups of functions are described. Factorization permits operating systems that are not configured to support computing in an object-oriented environment to be used in an object oriented environment. This promotes distributed computing by enabling operating system resources to be instantiated and used across process and machine boundaries. In one embodiment, criteria are defined that govern how functions of an operating system are to be factored into one or more groups. Based on the defined criteria, the functions are factors into groups and groups of functions are when associated with programming objects that have data and methods, wherein the methods correspond to the operating system functions. Applications can call methods on the programming objects either directly or indirectly that, in turn, call operating system functions.

摘要翻译： 描述将操作系统功能分解为一组或多组功能的方法。 因式分解允许未配置为支持面向对象环境中的计算的操作系统，以在面向对象的环境中使用。 这通过使操作系统资源在过程和机器边界之间实例化和使用来促进分布式计算。 在一个实施例中，定义了规范操作系统的功能如何被考虑到一个或多个组中的标准。 基于定义的标准，功能是组与组的功能，当与具有数据和方法的编程对象相关联时，其中该方法对应于操作系统功能。 应用程序可以直接或间接调用编程对象的方法，从而调用操作系统功能。

公开(公告)号：US07539867B2

公开(公告)日：2009-05-26

申请号：US11014317

申请日：2004-12-16

申请人： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

发明人： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

IPC分类号： G06F11/30 ,  H04K1/00

CPC分类号： G06F17/30097 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H04L9/0656 ,  H04L9/3239 ,  H04L9/3249 ,  H04L2209/20 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/60

摘要： A file format for a serverless distributed file system is composed of two parts: a primary data stream and a metadata stream. The data stream contains a file that is divided into multiple blocks. Each block is encrypted using a hash of the block as the encryption key. The metadata stream contains a header, a structure for indexing the encrypted blocks in the primary data stream, and some user information. The indexing structure defines leaf nodes for each of the blocks. Each leaf node consists of an access value used for decryption of the associated block and a verification value used to verify the encrypted block independently of other blocks. In one implementation, the access value is formed by hashing the file block and encrypting the resultant hash value using a randomly generated key. The key is then encrypted using the user's key as the encryption key. The verification value is formed by hashing the associated encrypted block using a one-way hash function. The file format supports verification of individual file blocks without knowledge of the randomly generated key or any user keys. To verify a block of the file, the file system traverses the tree to the appropriate leaf node associated with a target block to be verified. The file system hashes the target block and if the hash matches the access value contained in the leaf node, the block is authentic.

公开(公告)号：US20090132552A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-21

申请号：US12361678

申请日：2009-01-29

申请人： Atul Adya ,  William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  John R. Douceur ,  Marvin M. Theimer ,  Roger P. Wattenhofer

发明人： Atul Adya ,  William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  John R. Douceur ,  Marvin M. Theimer ,  Roger P. Wattenhofer

IPC分类号： G06F17/30 ,  G06F12/02 ,  H04L9/00

CPC分类号： G06F17/30094 ,  G06F17/30171 ,  G06F17/30899 ,  G06F2201/825 ,  H04L63/0823 ,  H04L63/123 ,  Y10S707/956 ,  Y10S707/99931 ,  Y10S707/99938

摘要： A serverless distributed file system manages the storage of files and directories using one or more directory groups. The directories may be managed using Byzantine-fault-tolerant groups, whereas files are managed without using Byzantine-fault-tolerant groups. Additionally, the file system may employ a hierarchical namespace to store files. Furthermore, the directory group may employ a plurality of locks to control access to objects (e.g., files and directories) in each directory.

摘要翻译： 无服务器分布式文件系统使用一个或多个目录组来管理文件和目录的存储。 可以使用拜占庭容错组来管理目录，而不使用拜占庭容错组来管理文件。 此外，文件系统可以使用分层命名空间来存储文件。 此外，目录组可以使用多个锁来控制对每个目录中的对象（例如，文件和目录）的访问。

公开(公告)号：US07454612B2

公开(公告)日：2008-11-18

申请号：US11014030

申请日：2004-12-16

申请人： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

发明人： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

IPC分类号： H04L29/00

CPC分类号： G06F17/30097 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H04L9/0656 ,  H04L9/3239 ,  H04L9/3249 ,  H04L2209/20 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/60

摘要： A file format for a serverless distributed file system is composed of two parts: a primary data stream and a metadata stream. The data stream contains a file that is divided into multiple blocks. Each block is encrypted using a hash of the block as the encryption key. The metadata stream contains a header, a structure for indexing the encrypted blocks in the primary data stream, and some user information. The indexing structure defines leaf nodes for each of the blocks. Each leaf node consists of an access value used for decryption of the associated block and a verification value used to verify the encrypted block independently of other blocks. In one implementation, the access value is formed by hashing the file block and encrypting the resultant hash value using a randomly generated key. The key is then encrypted using the user's key as the encryption key. The verification value is formed by hashing the associated encrypted block using a one-way hash function. The file format supports verification of individual file blocks without knowledge of the randomly generated key or any user keys. To verify a block of the file, the file system traverses the tree to the appropriate leaf node associated with a target block to be verified. The file system hashes the target block and if the hash matches the access value contained in the leaf node, the block is authentic.

摘要翻译： 无服务器分布式文件系统的文件格式由两部分组成：主数据流和元数据流。 数据流包含被分成多个块的文件。 使用块的散列作为加密密钥对每个块进行加密。 元数据流包含报头，用于索引主数据流中的加密块的结构以及一些用户信息。 索引结构为每个块定义叶节点。 每个叶节点由用于相关块的解密的访问值和用于独立于其他块验证加密块的验证值组成。 在一个实现中，通过使用随机生成的密钥对文件块进行散列并加密所得到的散列值来形成访问值。 密钥然后使用用户密钥作为加密密钥进行加密。 验证值通过使用单向散列函数对相关联的加密块进行散列来形成。 该文件格式支持对各个文件块的验证，而不知道随机生成的密钥或任何用户密钥。 为了验证文件的一个块，文件系统遍历树到与要验证的目标块相关联的相应叶节点。 文件系统对目标块进行散列，如果哈希匹配叶节点中包含的访问值，则该块是可信的。

公开(公告)号：US20050020278A1

公开(公告)日：2005-01-27

申请号：US10742208

申请日：2003-12-19

申请人： John Krumm ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Eric Horvitz ,  Edward Miller ,  Adel Amin Youssef

发明人： John Krumm ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Eric Horvitz ,  Edward Miller ,  Adel Amin Youssef

IPC分类号： H04B7/26 ,  G01S5/00 ,  G01S19/09 ,  G01S19/46 ,  G08G1/0962 ,  G08G1/0967 ,  H04Q7/34 ,  H04Q7/20

CPC分类号： G01S5/0252 ,  G01S5/0027 ,  G08G1/0962 ,  G08G1/0967 ,  G08G1/096716 ,  G08G1/096741 ,  G08G1/096775

摘要： The present invention leverages changes in the sensed strength of radio signals at different locations to determine a device's location. In one instance of the invention, inference procedures are used to process ambient commercial radio signals, to estimate a location or a probability distribution over the locations of a device. In an instance of the invention, learning and inference methods are applied to rank vector of signal strength vectors. Moving to such rank orderings leads to methods that bypass consideration of absolute signal strengths in location calculations. The invention facilitates approximations for locating a device by providing a method that does not require a substantial number of available ambient signal strengths while still providing useful location inferences in determining locations.

摘要翻译： 本发明利用在不同位置处的无线电信号的感测强度的变化来确定设备的位置。 在本发明的一个实例中，推理程序用于处理环境商业无线电信号，以估计设备位置上的位置或概率分布。 在本发明的实例中，将学习和推理方法应用于信号强度矢量的秩矢量。 移动到这样的排序导致方法绕过位置计算中绝对信号强度的考虑。 本发明通过提供一种不需要大量可用环境信号强度同时仍然在确定位置提供有用的位置推断的方法来促进用于定位设备的近似。

公开(公告)号：US07415608B2

公开(公告)日：2008-08-19

申请号：US11014262

申请日：2004-12-16

申请人： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

发明人： William J. Bolosky ,  Gerald Cermak ,  Atul Adya ,  John R. Douceur

IPC分类号： H04L29/00

CPC分类号： G06F17/30097 ,  G06F19/00 ,  H04L9/0656 ,  H04L9/3239 ,  H04L9/3249 ,  H04L2209/20 ,  H04L2209/38 ,  H04L2209/60

摘要： A file format for a serverless distributed file system is composed of two parts: a primary data stream and a metadata stream. The data stream contains a file that is divided into multiple blocks. Each block is encrypted using a hash of the block as the encryption key. The metadata stream contains a header, a structure for indexing the encrypted blocks in the primary data stream, and some user information. The indexing structure defines leaf nodes for each of the blocks. Each leaf node consists of an access value used for decryption of the associated block and a verification value used to verify the encrypted block independently of other blocks. In one implementation, the access value is formed by hashing the file block and encrypting the resultant hash value using a randomly generated key. The key is then encrypted using the user's key as the encryption key. The verification value is formed by hashing the associated encrypted block using a one-way hash function. The file format supports verification of individual file blocks without knowledge of the randomly generated key or any user keys. To verify a block of the file, the file system traverses the tree to the appropriate leaf node associated with a target block to be verified. The file system hashes the target block and if the hash matches the access value contained in the leaf node, the block is authentic.