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公开(公告)号：US4225216A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-30
申请号：US013385
申请日：1979-02-21
CPC分类号： G02F1/1523
摘要： Disclosed is an electro-optical device in which color changes are electrically induced in an electrochromic material which is a single or polycrystalline niobium tungstate represented approximately by the formula W.sub.9 Nb.sub.8 O.sub.47. The device comprises an ion source and a source of an electrical field which may be reversible so as to produce coloring and bleaching of the electrochromic material. Due to high corrosion resistance of such material, the ion source may conveniently be a hydrous electrolyte.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种电光装置，其中颜色变化在电致变色材料中电感应，该电致变色材料是大致由式W9Nb8O47表示的单一或多晶钨酸铌。 该装置包括离子源和电场源，其可以是可逆的，以便产生电致变色材料的着色和漂白。 由于这种材料的高耐腐蚀性，离子源可以方便地是含水电解质。
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公开(公告)号：US4430601A
公开(公告)日：1984-02-07
申请号：US365252
申请日：1982-04-05
申请人： Gary D. Boyd , Peter D. T. Ngo
发明人： Gary D. Boyd , Peter D. T. Ngo
CPC分类号： G09G3/29
摘要： An AC plasma panel display (100) is described with selective row and column shifting capability. The column conductors (C.sub.2, C.sub.4 . . . , C.sub.512) are common between a staging area (11) and an exhibiting area (12) while the other column conductors (C.sub.1, C.sub.3 . . . , C.sub.511) are terminated at the boundary between the two areas. The row shifting is accomplished in the staging area to enter display data on the panel. Column shifting is used between the two areas to transport display data onto the exhibiting area from the staging area. The modified display panel requires a minimum number of drivers and intrinsically isolates column and row shifting during operation.
摘要翻译： AC等离子面板显示器（100）被描述为具有选择性的行和列移位能力。 列导体（C2，C4 ... C512）在分段区域（11）和展示区域（12）之间是共同的，而另一个列导体（C1，C3 ... C511） 两个方面。 行转移在分段区域完成，以在面板上输入显示数据。 在两个区域之间使用列移位，以将显示数据从分段区域传送到展示区域。 经修改的显示面板需要最少数量的驱动程序，并且在操作期间本质上隔离列和行移位。
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公开(公告)号：US4333708A
公开(公告)日：1982-06-08
申请号：US98976
申请日：1979-11-30
申请人： Gary D. Boyd , Julian Cheng , Peter D. T. Ngo
发明人： Gary D. Boyd , Julian Cheng , Peter D. T. Ngo
CPC分类号： G02F1/1391 , G02F1/1337
摘要： A liquid crystal cell having memory is provided by disposing a liquid crystal material having nematic directors between two substrates which are fabricated to contain an array of singular points. The cell may further include means for detaching singularities such as appropriate electrode arrangements.These substrate configurations provide multistable configurations of the director alignments because disclinations must be moved, either through the bulk of the liquid crystal material or on the substrate surfaces to switch between the stable configurations.The switching of the device between stable configurations may be accomplished by the application of electrical fields to the liquid crystal material.The stable configurations may be optically differentiated by the incorporation of pleochroic dyes into the liquid crystal material or by crossed polarizers.
摘要翻译： 具有存储器的液晶单元通过在两个基板之间设置具有向列导向器的液晶材料来制造，该两个基板被制造成包含奇异点阵列。 电池还可以包括用于分离诸如适当电极布置的奇点的装置。 这些衬底配置提供导向器对准的多态配置，因为必须通过大部分液晶材料或衬底表面上移动，以便在稳定构型之间切换。 在稳定配置之间的器件的切换可以通过将电场施加到液晶材料来实现。 通过将多色染料掺入到液晶材料中或通过交叉的偏振器可以光稳定地构成。
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公开(公告)号：US4601543A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-22
申请号：US788108
申请日：1985-10-17
CPC分类号： G02F1/1391 , G02F1/13768 , G02F1/132
摘要： A bistable nematic liquid crystal display cell is switched between topologically equivalent, asymmetric horizontal states. Switching is initiated by application of a directional, symmetry breaking field such as a transverse magnetic field. An electric potential is then applied across the cell to complete the switching cycle and maintain the state. The cell includes upper and lower parallel substrates, upper and lower topographically textured tilt alignment surfaces on the corresponding substrates, and nematic liquid crystal material between the substrates. In an active region of the cell, the tilt alignment surfaces form an equal reverse tilt boundary condition. In an isolation region surrounding the active region of the cell, the tilt alignment surfaces form a parallel tilt boundary condition.
摘要翻译： 双稳向列型液晶显示单元在拓扑等效的非对称水平状态之间切换。 通过施加诸如横向磁场的定向对称断裂场来开始切换。 然后将电势施加在电池单元上以完成开关周期并保持该状态。 电池包括上和下平行衬底，相应衬底上的上，下地形纹理的倾斜对准表面以及衬底之间的向列型液晶材料。 在电池的有源区域中，倾斜对准表面形成相等的反向倾斜边界条件。 在围绕电池的有源区域的隔离区域中，倾斜对准表面形成平行的倾斜边界条件。
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公开(公告)号：US4472026A
公开(公告)日：1984-09-18
申请号：US375670
申请日：1982-05-06
申请人： Gary D. Boyd , Julian Cheng
发明人： Gary D. Boyd , Julian Cheng
CPC分类号： G02F1/132 , G02F1/1391
摘要： A row and column matrix of strip electrodes is utilized for switching bistable liquid crystal display cells from the vertical state to the horizontal state via resistive heating by applying an electric current of sufficient magnitude and duration to selected electrodes. Resistive heating causes the liquid crystal to undergo a phase transition from the nematic mesophase to an isotropic phase. Extinction of the current permits the liquid crystal to cool preferentially into the horizontal state of the nematic mesophase. Horizontal-to-vertical state switching is performed by conventional electric field effect techniques.
摘要翻译： 利用带状电极的行和列矩阵，通过对所选择的电极施加足够大的持续时间的电流，通过电阻加热将双稳态液晶显示单元从垂直状态切换到水平状态。 电阻加热导致液晶从向列型中间相转变为各向同性相。 电流的消光允许液晶优先冷却到向列型中间相的水平状态。 通过常规电场效应技术进行水平垂直状态切换。
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公开(公告)号：US4309267A
公开(公告)日：1982-01-05
申请号：US170586
申请日：1980-07-21
CPC分类号： H01J37/34
摘要： An rf sputter etch or reactive sputter etch apparatus which can be used for etching substrates at oblique angles utilizes a cathode formed from a metal grid and an equipotential enclosure. The substrate is supported in the enclosure either parallel to or at an oblique angle to the surface of the grid.
摘要翻译： 可用于以倾斜角蚀刻衬底的射频溅射蚀刻或反应溅射蚀刻设备利用由金属栅格和等电位外壳形成的阴极。 衬底被支撑在外壳中，与栅格表面平行或倾斜。
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公开(公告)号：US4717243A
公开(公告)日：1988-01-05
申请号：US843855
申请日：1986-03-21
申请人： Gary D. Boyd , Julian Cheng
发明人： Gary D. Boyd , Julian Cheng
CPC分类号： G09G3/3629 , G02F1/13306 , G02F1/1391 , G09G2300/0486
摘要： Threshold electric fields required to achieve high speed matrix addressing of selected cells in a bistable nematic liquid crystal storage display are reduced by employing a short duration, priming pulse signal in accordance with the principles of the invention. The short priming pulse signal applied to a selected cell modifies the binding energy for disclinations attached to sites of orientational discontinuity, thereby changing the threshold field required for electrical switching between bistable states. Threshold reduction also depends on the AC frequency and duration of a writing pulse signal applied to the selected cell subsequent to the priming pulse signal.
摘要翻译： 通过采用根据本发明的原理的短持续时间的起动脉冲信号，可以降低实现双稳态向列型液晶存储显示器中选定单元的高速矩阵寻址所需的阈值电场。 施加到所选择的单元的短启动脉冲信号修改与取向不连续部位相连的分离的结合能，由此改变双稳态之间的电切换所需的阈值场。 阈值减小还取决于在启动脉冲信号之后施加到所选择的单元的写入脉冲信号的AC频率和持续时间。
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公开(公告)号：US4298250A
公开(公告)日：1981-11-03
申请号：US956391
申请日：1978-10-31
申请人： Gary D. Boyd , Sarat K. Mohapatra , Benjamin Tell , Sigurd Wagner , Fred Wudl
发明人： Gary D. Boyd , Sarat K. Mohapatra , Benjamin Tell , Sigurd Wagner , Fred Wudl
CPC分类号： G02F1/1523
摘要： Solid state electrochromic devices are fabricated using, as the electrochromic material, ionic conductors such as heteropoly acids. The properties of the ionic conductors permit construction of a device having only two electrodes and the electrochromic material. In operation, low voltages impressed between the electrodes induce a color change. For example, when phosphotungstic acid is employed, the color change is from white to dark blue. Cycle times as low as 100 msec are achievable and the devices exhibit memory properties.
摘要翻译： 使用诸如杂多酸的离子导体作为电致变色材料制造固态电致变色器件。 离子导体的性质允许构造仅具有两个电极和电致变色材料的装置。 在操作中，在电极之间施加的低电压引起颜色变化。 例如，当使用磷钨酸时，颜色变化是从白色到深蓝色。 可实现低至100毫秒的循环时间，并且器件具有记忆特性。
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