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公开(公告)号：US4253900A
公开(公告)日：1981-03-03
申请号：US772786
申请日：1977-02-28
CPC分类号： B01D61/445 , C09J5/00 , Y10T428/254
摘要： Superior bipolar membranes are prepared having high performances. The improvement is achieved by (1) using high performance component ion exchange membranes, and (2) controlling the method of joining two component membranes into a bipolar membrane. The method of preparation of high performance component ion exchange membranes is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 制备出高性能的高级双极膜。 通过（1）使用高性能组分离子交换膜，和（2）控制将双组分膜连接到双极膜的方法来实现改进。 还公开了制备高性能组分离子交换膜的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4116889A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-26
申请号：US715765
申请日：1976-08-19
IPC分类号： C08J7/04 , B01D61/44 , B01D61/46 , B01D71/28 , B01D71/82 , B01J47/12 , C01B7/03 , C01D1/04 , C08J5/22 , C08J5/24 , C25D21/22
CPC分类号： C01D1/04 , B01J47/12 , C01B7/035 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2327/04 , C08J2327/12 , Y10T428/3154 , Y10T428/31928 , Y10T428/31935
摘要： Stable bipolar membranes of high permselectivity and low potential drop are prepared using either an anion or cation preformed first layer upon which a second layer or coating of an ion exchange resin of the opposite charge carried in a matrix polymer is applied. The second layer may be suitably applied such as by casting as a slurry of the ion exchange resin in a solution or by laminating a layer comprising a dispersion of the resin in a solid or fused polymer. Optionally, the surface of the first layer may be treated to increase the resin concentration and/or bonding at the interface, such as by sanding, etching, etc.
摘要翻译： 具有高选择性和低电位降的稳定的双极膜使用阴离子或阳离子预制的第一层来制备，其上施加相反电荷的载体的离子交换树脂的第二层或涂层在基质聚合物中。 可以适当地施加第二层，例如通过作为离子交换树脂的浆料浇铸在溶液中或通过将包含树脂的分散体的层层压在固体或熔融聚合物中。 任选地，可以处理第一层的表面以增加界面处的树脂浓度和/或粘合，例如通过砂磨，蚀刻等。
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公开(公告)号：US4057481A
公开(公告)日：1977-11-08
申请号：US689305
申请日：1976-05-24
申请人： Lester T. C. Lee , Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Lester T. C. Lee , Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
CPC分类号： B01D61/445 , C08J5/2218 , C08J5/2243 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2353/02
摘要： Improved novel single film bipolar membranes having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Before the styrenated sheet is chemically functionalized, the film surface is specifically treated, i.e. cleaned to make it more receptive to functional groups, so that the cationic-exchange groups and anion-exchange groups can be introduced homogeneously from each side of the surface-cleaned film, and a single-film bipolar membrane of superior durability, stability, and quality control results.
摘要翻译： 在约1摩尔的电解质介质中具有高于80％离子选择性的改进的新型单膜双极膜被制备成含有相当高的量，即至少15％的不溶性交联芳族聚合物。 在苯乙烯化片材进行化学官能化之前，对膜表面进行特殊处理，即进行清洁以使其更容易接受官能团，从而阳离子交换基团和阴离子交换基团可以从表面清洁的每一侧均匀地引入 薄膜和具有优异的耐久性，稳定性和质量控制结果的单膜双极膜。
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公开(公告)号：US4082835A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-04
申请号：US590777
申请日：1975-06-27
IPC分类号： B01D53/50 , B01D53/77 , B01D61/44 , B01D61/50 , B01D61/54 , C01B17/60 , C02F1/469 , C01B17/00 , B01K5/00 , C01B17/22 , C01B17/48
CPC分类号： B01D53/501
摘要： Sulfur dioxide is separated from an aqueous solution containing the same by subjecting the stream to electrodialytic water splitting. In particular a novel method for removing SO.sub.2 from dilute gas streams by means of alkaline solution scrubbing, regeneration of the scrubbing solution and liberation of concentrated SO.sub.2 effected by means of a two-compartment membrane water splitter is provided. Optionally, waste sulfate produced in the process may be converted to sulfuric acid in a separate membrane water splitter or otherwise processed by conventional means.
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5.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4144158A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-13
申请号：US851234
申请日：1977-11-14
CPC分类号： B01D61/44 , C01B33/184 , C01B7/193 , C01B7/195
摘要： An improved process is described for converting aqueous fluosilicic acid waste product into anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and finely divided silica in which aqueous fluosilicic acid is pyrolyzed to produce silica and a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride and fluosilic acid. The resulting dilute solution is subjected to electrodialysis, thereby obtaining a hydrogen fluoride concentration greater than that which characterizes the boiling point ridge which divides the phase diagram of the system hydrogen fluoride/fluosilicic acid/water, i.e. HF/H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 /H.sub.2 O, into two regions. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is recovered from the resulting composition by distillation.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种改进的方法，用于将氟硅酸废物转化为无水氟化氢和热分解氟化硅酸的细碎二氧化硅，生成二氧化硅和氟化氢和氟硅酸的稀释水溶液。 对所得稀溶液进行电渗析，从而获得比将系统氟化氢/氟硅酸/水（即HF / H 2 SiF 6 / H 2 O）系统的相图划分为两个区域的沸点脊特征的氟化氢浓度 。 通过蒸馏从所得组合物中回收无水氟化氢。
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公开(公告)号：US4024043A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-17
申请号：US645848
申请日：1975-12-31
申请人： Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
CPC分类号： C08J5/2243 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2353/02
摘要： Novel single film bipolar membranes, of substantially improved efficiency and durability, i.e. having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared from pre-swollen films containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Under controlled conditions, high dissociable cationic-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the aromatic nuclei to a desired depth of the film from one side only; subsequently, highly dissociable anion-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the unreacted aromatic nuclei on the other side of the film. The functionalized, densely structured single film ion exchange membrane undergoes negligible degradation, is blister free, and is uniquely suited for electrodialysis particularly water-splitting operations due to its low electrical resistance and low salt leakage. The membrane operates with improved current efficiencies at both high electrolyte concentrations and high current densities, for time periods not previously achievable.
摘要翻译： 在约1摩尔的电解质介质中具有大于80％离子选择性的新型单膜双极膜由含有较高量的预溶胀薄膜制备，即至少15％的 不溶性交联芳族聚合物。 在受控条件下，高离解性阳离子交换基团仅从一侧化学键合到芳族核到膜的所需深度; 随后，高度可离解的阴离子交换基团与膜的另一侧化学键合到未反应的芳香核上。 功能化，密集结构的单膜离子交换膜经历可忽略的降解，不起泡，并且由于其低电阻和低盐泄漏而特别适用于电渗析，特别是水分解操作。 在高电解质浓度和高电流密度下，膜在以前不能实现的时间段内以改善的电流效率运行。
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公开(公告)号：US4107015A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US816566
申请日：1977-07-18
CPC分类号： B01D53/501 , B01D61/445
摘要： Removal of sulfur dioxide from an aqueous solution containing the same is effected by subjecting the solution to electrodialytic water splitting. In particular SO.sub.2 is removed from dilute gas streams by means of alkaline solution scrubbing, regeneration of the scrubbing solution and liberation of concentrated SO.sub.2 by means of a membrane water splitter. Waste sulfate produced in the process may be converted to sulfuric acid in a separate membrane water splitter or otherwise processed by conventional means.
摘要翻译： 通过使溶液进行电渗析水分离，从含有该二氧化硫的水溶液中除去二氧化硫。 特别地，通过碱性溶液洗涤，洗涤溶液的再生和通过膜分水器释放浓缩的SO 2从稀气流中除去SO 2。 在该方法中生产的废硫酸盐可以在单独的膜分水器中转化为硫酸，或以常规方式进行处理。
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公开(公告)号：US4140815A
公开(公告)日：1979-02-20
申请号：US791088
申请日：1977-04-26
申请人： Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
CPC分类号： C08J5/2243 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2353/02
摘要： Novel single film bipolar membranes, of substantially improved efficiency and durability, i.e. having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared from pre-swollen films containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Under controlled conditions, highly dissociable cationic-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the aromatic nuclei to a desired depth of the film from one side only; subsequently, highly dissociable anion-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the unreacted aromatic nuclei on the other side of the film. The functionalized, densely structured single film ion exchange membrane undergoes negligible degradation, is blister free, and is uniquely suited for electrodialysis particularly water-splitting operations due to its low electrical resistance and low salt leakage. The membrane operates with improved current efficiencies at both high electrolyte concentrations and high current densities, for time periods not previously achievable.
摘要翻译： 在约1摩尔的电解质介质中具有大于80％离子选择性的新型单膜双极膜由含有较高量的预溶胀薄膜制备，即至少15％的 不溶性交联芳族聚合物。 在受控条件下，高度可离解的阳离子交换基团仅从一侧化学键合到芳族核到膜的期望深度; 随后，高度可离解的阴离子交换基团与膜的另一侧化学键合到未反应的芳香核上。 功能化，密集结构的单膜离子交换膜经历可忽略的降解，不起泡，并且由于其低电阻和低盐泄漏而特别适用于电渗析，特别是水分解操作。 在高电解质浓度和高电流密度下，膜在以前不能实现的时间段内以改善的电流效率运行。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4355116A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-19
申请号：US220568
申请日：1980-12-29
申请人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
IPC分类号： C08F8/32
CPC分类号： C08F8/32 , C08F2800/20 , C08F2810/20
摘要： Stable single film bipolar membranes of prolonged life and improved performance particularly for use in electrodialysis water splitting process, are prepared by introducing a more stable interface in the membrane structure. After the cationic exchange groups are preformed on an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymeric matrix, the dissociable anionic exchange groups may be introduced more intimately chemically bonded in position by using multi-functional compounds containing mixed tertiary, secondary and primary amine groups, so that the resulting interface is comparatively more stable, and is less likely to be neutralized, therefore, attaining longer life-time and a higher level of performance.
摘要翻译： 通过在膜结构中引入更稳定的界面来制备长寿命稳定的单膜双极膜，特别是用于电渗析水分离过程的改进性能。 在阳离子交换基团在不溶性交联的芳族聚合物基质上预成型之后，可以通过使用含有混合的叔胺，仲胺和伯胺基团的多官能化合物，将可离解的阴离子交换基团引入更紧密地化学键合，使得 所得到的界面比较稳定，并且不太可能被中和，因此获得更长的使用寿命和更高的性能水平。
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公开(公告)号：US3948823A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-06
申请号：US276993
申请日：1972-08-01
申请人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
摘要： Novel cross-linked interpolymer membranes of substantially improved efficiency and durability are prepared from a co-mixture of a hydrophilic polymer of [1, .omega.-alkylene(2,6-diketopiperazine)-1,4-dicarboxamide] and a hydrophobic polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride, by dissolving these polymers in a suitable solvent, forming films of suitable thickness from the solution and thereafter preferably crosslinking the dissolved mixture.
摘要翻译： 由[1，ω-亚烷基（2,6-二酮哌嗪）-1,4-二甲酰胺]的亲水性聚合物与疏水性聚合物的共混混合物制备了具有显着提高的效率和耐久性的新型交联互聚物膜， 通过将这些聚合物溶解在合适的溶剂中，从溶液中形成适当厚度的膜，然后优选将溶解的混合物交联。
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