公开(公告)号：US08428957B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US12197069

申请日：2008-08-22

申请人： Harinath Garudadri ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Petr Motlicek ,  Hynek Hermansky

发明人： Harinath Garudadri ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Petr Motlicek ,  Hynek Hermansky

IPC分类号： G10L19/00

CPC分类号： G10L19/0204 ,  G10L19/02 ,  G10L19/0212 ,  G10L19/03

摘要： A technique of spectral noise shaping in an audio coding system is disclosed. Frequency decomposition of an input audio signal is performed to obtain multiple frequency sub-bands that closely follow critical bands of human auditory system decomposition. The tonality of each sub-band is determined. If a sub-band is tonal, time domain linear prediction (TDLP) processing is applied to the sub-band, yielding a residual signal and linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients of an all-pole model representing the sub-band signal. The residual signal is further processed using a frequency domain linear prediction (FDLP) method. The FDLP parameters and LPC coefficients are transferred to a decoder. At the decoder, an inverse-FDLP process is applied to the encoded residual signal followed by an inverse TDLP process, which shapes the quantization noise according to the power spectral density of the original sub-band signal. Non-tonal sub-band signals bypass the TDLP process.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种音频编码系统中的频谱噪声整形技术。 执行输入音频信号的频率分解以获得紧密跟随人类听觉系统分解的临界频带的多个频率子带。 确定每个子带的音调。 如果子带是音调，则对子带应用时域线性预测（TDLP）处理，产生表示子带信号的全极模型的残差信号和线性预测编码（LPC）系数。 使用频域线性预测（FDLP）方法进一步处理残留信号。 FDLP参数和LPC系数被传输到解码器。 在解码器处，将逆FDLP处理应用于经编码的残差信号，随后进行逆TDLP处理，根据原始子带信号的功率谱密度对量化噪声进行整形。 非音调子带信号绕过TDLP过程。

公开(公告)号：US20110270616A1

公开(公告)日：2011-11-03

申请号：US12197069

申请日：2008-08-22

申请人： Harinath Garudadri ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Petr Motlicek ,  Hynek Hermansky

发明人： Harinath Garudadri ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Petr Motlicek ,  Hynek Hermansky

IPC分类号： G10L21/00

CPC分类号： G10L19/0204 ,  G10L19/02 ,  G10L19/0212 ,  G10L19/03

摘要： A technique of spectral noise shaping in an audio coding system is disclosed. Frequency decomposition of an input audio signal is performed to obtain multiple frequency sub-bands that closely follow critical bands of human auditory system decomposition. The tonality of each sub-band is determined. If a sub-band is tonal, time domain linear prediction (TDLP) processing is applied to the sub-band, yielding a residual signal and linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients of an all-pole model representing the sub-band signal. The residual signal is further processed using a frequency domain linear prediction (FDLP) method. The FDLP parameters and LPC coefficients are transferred to a decoder. At the decoder, an inverse-FDLP process is applied to the encoded residual signal followed by an inverse TDLP process, which shapes the quantization noise according to the power spectral density of the original sub-band signal. Non-tonal sub-band signals bypass the TDLP process.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种音频编码系统中的频谱噪声整形技术。 执行输入音频信号的频率分解以获得紧密跟随人类听觉系统分解的临界频带的多个频率子带。 确定每个子带的音调。 如果子带是音调，则对子带应用时域线性预测（TDLP）处理，产生表示子带信号的全极模型的残差信号和线性预测编码（LPC）系数。 使用频域线性预测（FDLP）方法进一步处理残留信号。 FDLP参数和LPC系数被传送到解码器。 在解码器处，将逆FDLP处理应用于经编码的残差信号，随后进行逆TDLP处理，根据原始子带信号的功率谱密度对量化噪声进行整形。 非音调子带信号绕过TDLP过程。

公开(公告)号：US20090198500A1

公开(公告)日：2009-08-06

申请号：US12197051

申请日：2008-08-22

申请人： Harinath Garudadri ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Petr Motlicek ,  Hynek Hermansky

发明人： Harinath Garudadri ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Petr Motlicek ,  Hynek Hermansky

IPC分类号： G10L19/00

CPC分类号： G10L19/02 ,  G10L19/00 ,  G10L19/0204 ,  G10L19/025 ,  G10L19/03 ,  G10L19/10

摘要： An audio coding technique based on modeling spectral dynamics is disclosed. Frequency decomposition of an input audio signal is performed to obtain multiple frequency sub-bands that closely follow critical bands of human auditory system decomposition. Each sub-band is then frequency transformed and linear prediction is applied. This results in a Hilbert envelope and a Hilbert Carrier for each of the sub-bands. Because of application of linear prediction to frequency components, the technique is called Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (FDLP). The Hilbert envelope and the Hilbert Carrier are analogous to spectral envelope and excitation signals in the Time Domain Linear Prediction (TDLP) techniques. Temporal masking is applied to the FDLP sub-bands to improve the compression efficiency. Specifically, forward masking of the sub-band FDLP carrier signal can be employed to improve compression efficiency of an encoded signal.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种基于频谱动力学建模的音频编码技术。 执行输入音频信号的频率分解以获得紧密跟随人类听觉系统分解的临界频带的多个频率子带。 然后对每个子带进行频率变换，并应用线性预测。 这导致每个子带的希尔伯特包络和希尔伯特载波。 由于对频率分量应用线性预测，所以该技术被称为频域线性预测（FDLP）。 希尔伯特包络和希尔伯特载波类似于时域线性预测（TDLP）技术中的频谱包络和激励信号。 时域屏蔽被应用于FDLP子带以提高压缩效率。 具体地，可以采用子带FDLP载波信号的正向掩蔽来提高编码信号的压缩效率。

公开(公告)号：US08420271B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-16

申请号：US12502961

申请日：2009-07-14

申请人： Tayoung Choi ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Jaehak Jung ,  David R. Savage ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Pamela M. Vecasey

发明人： Tayoung Choi ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Jaehak Jung ,  David R. Savage ,  Balasubramanian Lakshmanan ,  Pamela M. Vecasey

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/24

CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 ,  G01R31/362 ,  H01M8/04358 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04671 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A system and method for detecting a low performing cell in a fuel cell stack using measured cell voltages. The method includes determining that the fuel cell stack is running, the stack coolant temperature is above a certain temperature and the stack current density is within a relatively low power range. The method further includes calculating the average cell voltage, and determining whether the difference between the average cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage is greater than a predetermined threshold. If the difference between the average cell voltage and the minimum cell voltage is greater than the predetermined threshold and the minimum cell voltage is less than another predetermined threshold, then the method increments a low performing cell timer. A ratio of the low performing cell timer and a system run timer is calculated to identify a low performing cell.

摘要翻译： 一种用于使用测量的电池电压来检测燃料电池堆中的低效电池的系统和方法。 该方法包括确定燃料电池堆运行，堆垛冷却剂温度高于一定温度，并且堆电流密度在相对低的功率范围内。 该方法还包括计算平均单元电压，以及确定平均单元电压和最小单元电压之间的差是否大于预定阈值。 如果平均电池电压和最小电池电压之间的差值大于预定阈值，并且最小电池电压小于另一预定阈值，则该方法增加低效率小区计时器。 计算低执行小区定时器和系统运行定时器的比率以识别低执行小区。

公开(公告)号：US08405399B2

公开(公告)日：2013-03-26

申请号：US12840014

申请日：2010-07-20

申请人： Yanyan Zhang ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Kiran Mallavarapu

发明人： Yanyan Zhang ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Kiran Mallavarapu

IPC分类号： G01N27/416

CPC分类号： H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04992 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A system for estimating parameters of a fuel cell stack. The system includes a stack health monitor for monitoring minimum cell voltage, stack voltage and current density of the fuel cell stack. The stack health monitor also indicates when a predetermined minimum cell voltage threshold level has been achieved. The system further includes a controller configured to control the fuel cell stack, where the controller determines and records the average fuel cell voltage. The controller generates and stores artificial data points proximate to the one or more predetermined minimum cell voltage threshold levels each time the minimum cell voltage drops below the one or more predetermined minimum cell voltage threshold levels so as to provide an estimation of the fuel cell stack parameters including a minimum cell voltage trend and a minimum cell voltage polarization curve.

摘要翻译： 一种用于估计燃料电池堆的参数的系统。 该系统包括用于监测燃料电池堆的最小电池电压，堆叠电压和电流密度的堆叠健康监测器。 堆栈运行状况监视器还指示何时已经实现了预定的最小单元电压阈值电平。 该系统还包括控制器，其被配置为控制燃料电池堆，其中控制器确定并记录燃料电池的平均电压。 每当最小单元电压下降到低于一个或多个预定最小单元电压阈值电平时，控制器产生并存储靠近一个或多个预定最小单元电压阈值电平的人造数据点，以便提供燃料电池堆参数的估计 包括最小电池电压趋势和最小电池电压极化曲线。

公开(公告)号：US20110200895A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-18

申请号：US12708461

申请日：2010-02-18

申请人： Manish Sinha ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Tayoung Choi ,  David A. Arthur

发明人： Manish Sinha ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Tayoung Choi ,  David A. Arthur

IPC分类号： H01M8/06

CPC分类号： H01M8/04835 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04843 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A system and method for determining when to trigger reconditioning of a fuel cell stack and when to disable the reconditioning of the fuel cell stack. In one embodiment, the stack reconditioning is triggered when a maximum stack power estimation falls below a first predetermined power threshold. The reconditioning of the stack can be disabled so it is not performed when the trigger occurs if the reconditioning process does not raise the maximum power estimation above a second predetermined power threshold or the time from one reconditioning trigger to a next reconditioning trigger is less than a predetermined time threshold, or both.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定何时触发燃料电池堆的再调节以及何时禁用燃料电池堆的再调节的系统和方法。 在一个实施例中，当最大堆叠功率估计低于第一预定功率阈值时触发堆栈重新调整。 可以禁用堆叠的修复，因此如果再生过程没有将最大功率估计提高到高于第二预定功率阈值或者从一个再调整触发到下一个修复触发的时间小于 预定时间阈值或两者。

公开(公告)号：US20110076582A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-31

申请号：US12567381

申请日：2009-09-25

申请人： Yanyan Zhang ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Loren Devries ,  Bruce J. Clingerman

发明人： Yanyan Zhang ,  Sriram Ganapathy ,  Loren Devries ,  Bruce J. Clingerman

IPC分类号： H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/04 ,  G06F19/00

CPC分类号： H01M8/0432 ,  H01M8/04492 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04992 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A system and method for determining the maximum allowed stack current limit rate for a fuel cell stack that considers cell voltage. The method includes estimating a fuel cell stack voltage based on a fuel cell resistance value, stack variables and a current request signal. The fuel cell resistance value can be modeled based on stack temperature and stack relative humidity. The stack variables can include exchange current density and mass transfer coefficient. The method then uses the estimated fuel cell voltage and a look-up table based on estimated voltage to determine a current rate limit value for changing the current of the stack. The method then adds the current rate limit value and the current request signal to obtain the current set-point.

摘要翻译： 一种用于确定考虑电池电压的燃料电池堆的允许的最大电流限流速率的系统和方法。 该方法包括基于燃料电池电阻值，堆叠变量和当前请求信号来估计燃料电池堆电压。 燃料电池电阻值可以基于堆温度和堆叠相对湿度建模。 堆叠变量可以包括交换电流密度和传质系数。 该方法然后使用估计的燃料电池电压和基于估计电压的查找表来确定用于改变电池堆的电流的当前速率限制值。 然后，该方法添加当前速率限制值和当前请求信号以获得当前设定点。

公开(公告)号：US07880429B2

公开(公告)日：2011-02-01

申请号：US12119922

申请日：2008-05-13

申请人： David A. Arthur ,  Sriram Ganapathy

发明人： David A. Arthur ,  Sriram Ganapathy

IPC分类号： H01M10/44 ,  H02J7/00 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04298 ,  H01M8/04552 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04753 ,  H01M8/0491 ,  H01M2008/1095

摘要： A method for controlling the current output from a fuel cell stack to prevent the stack voltage or the minimum fuel cell voltage from dropping below predetermined voltage set-points. The method for the stack voltage control includes determining whether the stack voltage has dropped to the predetermined voltage set-point, and if so, capturing and holding the actual stack current at that point as the maximum allowed stack current. If the stack voltage continues to fall below the voltage set-point, then the voltage set-point is subtracted from the actual voltage to get a positive error signal. Controller gains are then multiplied by the error signal to reduce the current allowed from the stack to drive the error signal to zero, and increase the stack voltage. The method for the minimum fuel cell voltage operates in the same manner, but with different values.

摘要翻译： 一种用于控制来自燃料电池堆的电流输出以防止堆叠电压或最小燃料电池电压降到预定电压设定点以下的方法。 堆叠电压控制的方法包括确定堆叠电压是否已经下降到预定电压设定点，如果是，则将该点处的实际堆叠电流捕获并保持为最大允许堆叠电流。 如果堆叠电压持续低于电压设定值，则从实际电压中减去电压设定值，得到正的误差信号。 然后将控制器增益乘以误差信号，以减少从堆栈允许的电流，将误差信号驱动为零，并增加堆栈电压。 最小燃料电池电压的方法以相同的方式运行，但是具有不同的值。

公开(公告)号：US09105892B2

公开(公告)日：2015-08-11

申请号：US12724262

申请日：2010-03-15

申请人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  Kiran Mallavarapu ,  Stefan W. Lixfeld ,  Manish Sinha

发明人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  Kiran Mallavarapu ,  Stefan W. Lixfeld ,  Manish Sinha

IPC分类号： H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/10

CPC分类号： H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/04604 ,  H01M8/0491 ,  H01M8/04992 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/50

摘要： A system and method for converting a fuel cell stack power request signal to a stack current set-point that considers stack performance parameters. The method includes obtaining a power-current relationship curve of the fuel cell stack to provide stack parameters including exchange current density and mass transfer coefficient. The method then calculates a slope for the stack using the parameters from the power-current relationship curve estimation that includes calculating a cell voltage at two predetermined stack current densities. The method then calculates a change in current in response to the power request signal, the stack voltage, the stack current and the calculated slope, and uses the change in current to update the current set-point for the stack.

摘要翻译： 一种用于将燃料电池堆功率请求信号转换为考虑堆栈性能参数的堆栈当前设定点的系统和方法。 该方法包括获得燃料电池堆的功率 - 电流关系曲线以提供包括交换电流密度和质量传递系数的堆叠参数。 该方法然后使用来自功率 - 电流关系曲线估计的参数来计算堆叠的斜率，其包括以两个预定的堆叠电流密度计算单元电压。 然后，该方法响应于功率请求信号，堆栈电压，堆栈电流和计算出的斜率来计算电流变化，并且使用电流变化来更新堆栈的当前设定点。

公开(公告)号：US07955743B2

公开(公告)日：2011-06-07

申请号：US12027049

申请日：2008-02-06

申请人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  David A. Arthur ,  Manish Sinha ,  John P. Salvador ,  David R. Savage ,  Frank X. Leo

发明人： Sriram Ganapathy ,  David A. Arthur ,  Manish Sinha ,  John P. Salvador ,  David R. Savage ,  Frank X. Leo

IPC分类号： H01M8/04

CPC分类号： H01M8/04649 ,  H01M8/04559 ,  H01M8/04589 ,  H01M8/0491 ,  H01M8/0494 ,  H01M8/04992

摘要： A system and method for limiting the output current of a fuel cell stack as the stack degrades overtime. A look-up table identifies a predetermined voltage set-point for stack current density. A first comparator provides a voltage difference signal between the set-point and the stack voltage. The voltage difference signal is provided to a controller, such as a proportional-integral controller, that provides a current limiting signal. The current limiting signal and a current request signal are provided to a second comparator that selects which signal will be used to limit the maximum output current of the stack. A polarization curve estimator estimates parameters of the stack that will change over the life of the stack. The parameters are provided to a gain scheduler that provides gains to the controller that are based on where in the life of the stack it is currently operating.

摘要翻译： 一种用于限制燃料电池堆的输出电流的系统和方法，因为堆叠降低了加班时间。 查找表识别堆电流密度的预定电压设定点。 第一比较器在设定点和堆叠电压之间提供电压差信号。 电压差信号被提供给提供限流信号的控制器，例如比例积分控制器。 电流限制信号和当前请求信号被提供给第二比较器，第二比较器选择哪个信号将用于限制堆叠的最大输出电流。 极化曲线估计器估计将在堆栈的寿命内改变的堆栈的参数。 这些参数被提供给增益调度器，其为控制器提供增益，其基于其当前正在操作的堆栈的寿命。