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公开(公告)号：US4541916A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-17
申请号：US662357
申请日：1984-10-18
CPC分类号： C10G1/042
摘要： A process for converting coal to liquid hydrocarbonaceous products involving a liquefaction reaction in the presence of a coal derived recycle slurry and a non-coal derived solvent comprising a hydrocarbonaceous oil or distillation bottom residue thereof intrinsically contaminated with greater than 300 ppm total of vanadium and nickel. The liquefaction reaction is performed under hydrogen pressure (approximately 500-4000 psi) and under elevated temperature (approximately 300.degree.-500.degree. C.) using a weight ratio of non-coal derived solvent to coal of about 1/1 or less. The conversion of coal to liquids is greatly enhanced by the use of such a non-coal derived solvent under these conditions.
摘要翻译： 在煤衍生的再循环浆料和非煤衍生的溶剂的存在下，将煤转化为液化烃产物的方法，该方法包括含烃油或蒸馏塔底残余物，其本身被大于总共含有的钒和镍总量的300ppm污染 。 液化反应在氢气压力（约500-4000psi）和升高的温度（约300-500℃）下进行，使用非煤衍生的溶剂与煤的重量比约为1/1以下。 在这些条件下，通过使用这种非煤衍生的溶剂，大大提高了煤到液体的转化。
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公开(公告)号：US4227991A
公开(公告)日：1980-10-14
申请号：US969823
申请日：1978-12-15
申请人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： In a coal liquefaction process including recycle to the liquefaction zone of a product slurry containing mineral residue, the minimum slurry recycle rate is determined by a pumpability constraint on the solids level of the slurry contained in the feed coal mixing vessel. If the solids level in the feed coal mixing vessel rises above the constraint level, the slurry recycle rate must increase. For coals which generate a high mineral residue content, adequate dilution of the slurry in the feed coal mixing vessel requires the slurry recycle rate to rise to an economically impracticable level. To avoid a high recycle rate the catalytic advantage of recycle solids is increased by reducing the median diameter of the particles in the recycle slurry stream by passing a portion of the product slurry through a hydroclone to produce a second recycle slurry comprising hydroclone overflow. The process employs a plurality of feed coals, one of which upon dissolution generates smaller and more catalytically active particles of mineral residue than the other. The hydroclone overflow stream selectively concentrates in the recycle slurry the smaller mineral residue particles generated from said feed coal.
摘要翻译： 在煤液化过程中，包括循环到含有矿物残渣的产物浆液的液化区，最小浆液循环速率通过对进料煤混合容器中所含浆料的固体含量的可泵性约束来确定。 如果进料煤混合容器中的固体含量高于约束水平，则浆料循环率必须增加。 对于产生高矿物残渣含量的煤，在进料煤混合容器中充分稀释浆料需要浆料循环率上升到经济上不切实际的水平。 为了避免高的再循环速率，通过使一部分产物浆液通过水力旋流器来产生包含水力旋流器溢流的第二再循环浆料，通过减少再循环浆料流中的颗粒的中值直径来增加循环固体的催化优点。 该方法采用多种进料煤，其中一种在溶解时产生比另一种更少和更催化活性的矿物残留颗粒。 水力旋流器溢流流选择性地浓缩在再循环浆料中，从所述进料煤产生的较小的矿物残渣颗粒。
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公开(公告)号：US4222848A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-16
申请号：US969803
申请日：1978-12-15
申请人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Norman L. Carr , Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： In a coal liquefaction process which includes a recycle of a product slurry which contain recycle mineral residue and recycle of extraneous catalytic material to said liquefication zone, hydrocracking of the hydrocarbonaceous material from the mineral residue occurs and a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, dissolved liquid, normally solid dissolved coal, suspended mineral residue and suspended extraneous catalytic mineral results. A first portion of said residue slurry is recycled to the liquefication zone, a second portion is passed to separation means and the third portion goes to a hydroclone. Overflow from the hydroclone goes to the liquefaction zone to reduce the median diameter of the particles recycled.
摘要翻译： 在煤液化过程中，其包括含有再循环矿物残渣并将外来催化材料再循环到所述液化区的产物浆料的循环，发生来自矿物残渣的烃类物质的加氢裂化，并且烃气体，溶解液体的混合物通常 固体溶解煤，悬浮矿物残渣和悬浮的外来催化矿物结果。 所述残余物浆料的第一部分被再循环到液化区，第二部分被传送到分离装置，第三部分进入水力旋流器。 来自水力旋流器的溢流进入液化区，以减少再循环颗粒的中值直径。
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公开(公告)号：US4364818A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-21
申请号：US282731
申请日：1981-07-15
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid , James E. Junkin
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid , James E. Junkin
摘要： Pyrite addition to a coal liquefaction process (22, 26) is controlled (118) in inverse proportion to the calcium content of the feed coal to maximize the C.sub.5 --900.degree. F. (482.degree. C.) liquid yield per unit weight of pyrite added (110). The pyrite addition is controlled in this manner so as to minimize the amount of pyrite used and thus reduce pyrite contribution to the slurry pumping load and disposal problems connected with pyrite produced slag.
摘要翻译： 除了煤液化过程（22,26）之外的黄铁矿与进料煤的钙含量成反比控制（118）以使每单位重量黄铁矿的C5-900°F（482℃）液体产率最大化 添加（110）。 以这种方式控制黄铁矿加入，以使所使用的黄铁矿的量最小化，从而减少黄铁矿对浆料泵送负荷和与黄铁矿产生的渣相关的处理问题的贡献。
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公开(公告)号：US4159238A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-26
申请号：US905299
申请日：1978-05-12
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： Conversion of raw coal to distillate liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products by solvent liquefaction in the presence of molecular hydrogen employing recycle of mineral residue is commonly performed at a higher thermal efficiency than conversion of coal to pipeline gas in a gasification process employing partial oxidation and methanation reactions. The prior art has disclosed a combination coal liquefaction-gasification process employing recycle of mineral residue to the liquefaction zone wherein all the normally solid dissolved coal not converted to liquid or gaseous products in the liquefaction zone is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to hydrogen, where the amount of normally solid dissolved coal passed to the gasification zone is just sufficient to enable the gasification zone to produce the process hydrogen requirement. The process of the present invention provides an unexpected improvement in the thermal efficiency of the combination process by increasing the amount of normally solid dissolved coal prepared in the liquefaction zone and passed to the gasification zone to enable the gasification zone to generate not only all of the hydrogen required by the liquefaction zone but also to produce synthesis gas in an amount adequate to supply all or a significant amount of the fuel requirements of the process. It would have been expected that shifting some of the processing load from the ordinarily more efficient liquefaction zone to the ordinarily less efficient gasification zone would decrease process efficiency, but the present combination process unexpectedly achieves an overall efficiency increase by said shift.
摘要翻译： {PG，1在采用矿物残渣循环的分子氢存在下，通过溶剂液化将原料煤转化为馏出物液体和气态烃产物通常以比将煤转化为管道气体更高的热效率在采用部分 氧化和甲烷化反应。 现有技术已经公开了一种组合煤液化 - 气化方法，其利用矿物残余物再循环到液化区，其中在液化区中未转化为液态或气态产物的所有常规固体溶解的煤通过气化区转化为氢， 其中通常进入气化区的通常为固体的溶解煤的量恰好足以使气化区产生氢气过程。 本发明的方法通过增加在液化区中制备的通常固溶的煤的数量并提供给气化区，使得气化区不仅能产生全部的 液化区所需的氢气，而且还产生足以提供该方法的全部或大量燃料需求量的合成气。 预期将一些处理负荷从通常更有效的液化区转移到通常较低效率的气化区将降低过程效率，但是本组合方法意外地通过所述变换实现总体效率提高。
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公开(公告)号：US4189375A
公开(公告)日：1980-02-19
申请号：US969161
申请日：1978-12-13
CPC分类号： C10G1/065
摘要： A process for liquefying coal involving heating only a portion of a the total process hydrogen stream to increase its temperature to a relatively high level and admixing said heated hydrogen with only a portion of the total coal slurry in the upstream region of a dissolver zone. The hydrogen stream has a relatively low specific heat and the addition thereto of a relatively small amount of heat increases its temperature to a level which is sufficiently high to initiate hydrocracking reactions when the hot hydrogen stream is intermixed with only a portion of the dissolver feed slurry, provided that the dissolver feed slurry contains recycle mineral residue in an amount adequate to catalyze hydrocracking reactions. Because the recycle mineral residue catalyzes the exothermic hydrocracking reactions, sufficient process heat is generated to permit addition to the dissolver zone in a downstream region thereof the remainder of dissolver feed slurry and process hydrogen in a relatively cool condition.
摘要翻译： 一种用于液化煤的方法，包括仅加热一部分总工艺氢气流以将其温度升高至相对较高的水平，并将所述加热的氢气与溶解区域的上游区域中仅一部分总煤浆料混合。 氢气流具有相对低的比热，并且相对少量热量的添加将其温度升高到足够高的水平，以便当热氢流与仅一部分溶解器进料浆液混合时引发加氢裂化反应 ，条件是溶解剂进料浆料含有足以催化加氢裂化反应的再循环矿物残余物。 由于再循环矿物残留物催化放热加氢裂化反应，产生足够的加工热量以允许在其下游区域中的溶解区域中添加剩余的溶解剂进料浆料并在相对较冷的条件下处理氢气。
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公开(公告)号：US4159237A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-26
申请号：US905298
申请日：1978-05-12
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： Conversion of raw coal to distillate liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products by solvent liquefaction in the presence of molecular hydrogen employing recycle of mineral residue is commonly performed at a higher thermal efficiency than conversion of coal to pipeline gas in a gasification process employing partial oxidation and methanation reactions. The prior art has disclosed a combination coal liquefaction-gasification process employing recycle of mineral residue to the liquefaction zone wherein all the normally solid dissolved coal produced in the liquefaction zone is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to hydrogen, where the amount of normally solid dissolved coal passed to the gasification zone is just sufficient to enable the gasification zone to produce the process hydrogen requirement. An unexpected improvement in the thermal efficiency of the combination process is achieved by increasing the amount of normally solid dissolved coal prepared in the liquefaction zone and passed to the gasification zone to enable the gasification zone to generate not only all of the hydrogen required by the liquefaction zone but also to produce excess synthesis gas for use as process fuel. The gasification zone operates with steam and oxygen injection rates resulting in elevated temperatures in the range 2,200.degree. to 2,600.degree. F. which enhance thermal efficiency by accomplishing nearly complete oxidation of carbonaceous feed. These high temperatures produce a synthesis gas relatively richer in CO than H.sub.2. Because the synthesis gas is utilized as fuel, hydrogen can be recovered from the synthesis gas without degrading the value of the remaining CO-concentrated stream, since the combustion heating value of a concentrated CO stream is about the same as that of an H.sub.2 -rich synthesis gas.
摘要翻译： {PG，1在采用矿物残渣循环的分子氢存在下，通过溶剂液化将原料煤转化为馏出物液体和气态烃产物通常以比将煤转化为管道气体更高的热效率在采用部分 氧化和甲烷化反应。 现有技术已经公开了一种组合煤液化 - 气化方法，其利用矿物残余物再循环到液化区，其中在液化区产生的所有通常为固体的溶解煤通过气化区转化为氢，其中通常为固体 通过气化区的溶解煤恰好足以使气化区产生氢气过程。 通过增加在液化区中制备的通常固溶的煤的数量并通过气化区，使得气化区不仅产生液化所需的所有氢气，而且可以实现组合工艺的热效率的意想不到的改善 并且还生产用作工艺燃料的多余的合成气。 气化区采用蒸汽和氧气注入速率运行，导致2200℃（20 {0〜2,600 {20 {0 F.）范围内的高温升高，通过完成碳质饲料的几乎完全氧化来提高热效率。 这些高温产生的合成气比H（HD 2 {L。 由于合成气被用作燃料，所以可以从合成气中回收氢气，而不降低剩余的CO浓缩物流的值，因为浓缩的CO流的燃烧热值与H {HD 2 {富L合成气。
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公开(公告)号：US4159236A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-26
申请号：US905296
申请日：1978-05-12
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： Conversion of raw coal to distillate liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon products by solvent liquefaction in the presence of molecular hydrogen employing recycle of mineral residue is commonly performed at a higher thermal efficiency than conversion of coal to pipeline gas in a gasification process employing partial oxidation and methanation reactions. The prior art has disclosed a combination coal liquefaction-gasification process employing recycle of mineral residue in the liquefaction zone wherein all the normally solid dissolved coal produced in the liquefaction zone is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to hydrogen, where the amount of normally solid dissolved coal prepared and passed to the gasification zone is just sufficient to enable the gasification zone to produce the exact hydrogen requirement of the process. The present invention provides an unexpected improvement in the thermal efficiency of the combination process by utilizing formulas based on feed coal characteristics to calculate an amount of normally solid dissolved coal to be prepared in the liquefaction zone and passed to the gasification zone to enable the gasification zone to generate not only all of the hydrogen required by the liquefaction zone but also to produce synthesis gas for use as fuel in the liquefaction zone. It would have been expected that shifting some of the processing load from the ordinarily more efficient liquefaction zone to the ordinarily less efficient gasification zone would decrease process efficiency, but the present combination process unexpectedly achieves an overall efficiency increase by said shift.
摘要翻译： {PG，1在采用矿物残渣循环的分子氢存在下，通过溶剂液化将原料煤转化为馏出物液体和气态烃产物通常以比将煤转化为管道气体更高的热效率在采用部分 氧化和甲烷化反应。 现有技术已经公开了在液化区中采用矿物残余物再循环的煤液化气化方法，其中在液化区产生的所有通常为固体的溶解煤通过气化区转化为氢气，其中通常为固体 制备并通入气化区的溶解煤恰好足以使气化区产生该过程的精确氢气需求。 本发明通过利用基于进料煤特性的公式来提供组合方法的热效率的意想不到的改进，以计算待在液化区中制备的通常为固体的溶解煤的量并且通过气化区使气化区 不仅产生液化区所需的所有氢气，而且产生用作液化区燃料的合成气。 预期将一些处理负荷从通常更有效的液化区转移到通常较低效率的气化区将降低过程效率，但是本组合方法意外地通过所述变换实现总体效率提高。
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公开(公告)号：US4222845A
公开(公告)日：1980-09-16
申请号：US969279
申请日：1978-12-13
申请人： Bruce K. Schmid
发明人： Bruce K. Schmid
摘要： An integrated coal liquefaction-gasification-naphtha reforming process wherein the slurry containing substantially the entire yield of normally solid dissolved coal produced in the liquefaction zone constitutes the only hydrocarbonaceous feed for the gasification zone and wherein substantially all of the naphtha fraction produced in the liquefaction zone is passed through the reforming zone for conversion to gasoline. The cost in terms of thermal efficiency for performing the reforming step is very low when the amount of syngas produced in the gasification zone is adequate to provide upon direct combustion a considerable proportion of the fuel requirements of both the liquefaction and reformer zones.
摘要翻译： 一种综合的煤液化 - 气化 - 石脑油重整方法，其中在液化区中产生的基本上全部产生的常规固体溶解煤的浆料构成了用于气化区的唯一含烃原料，其中基本上在液化区产生的所有石脑油馏分 通过重整区转化成汽油。 当在气化区产生的合成气的量足以在直接燃烧时提供相当大比例的液化和重整器区域的燃料要求时，用于进行重整步骤的热效率方面的成本非常低。
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公开(公告)号：US4203823A
公开(公告)日：1980-05-20
申请号：US921338
申请日：1978-07-03
摘要： This invention relates to a combination coal liquefaction-gasification process wherein hydrocarbonaceous mineral residue-containing slurry from the liquefaction zone is recycled to the liquefaction zone and all non-recycled hydrocarbonaceous mineral residue-containing slurry is passed to a gasification zone for conversion to synthesis gas to supply hydrogen for the liquefaction zone. It has now been discovered that in this process a surprisingly high reaction selectivity in favor of the desired distillate oil product is achieved by combining low liquefaction zone residence times and relatively high rates of recycle of mineral residue-containing slurry compared to feed coal rate. Under these conditions the yield of the desired distillate oil product can be increased to an unexpectedly high level while the yields of both higher and lower boiling products are each being decreased and while hydrogen consumption is being reduced.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种组合煤液化气化方法，其中来自液化区的含有含烃矿物残渣的浆料被再循环到液化区，并且所有未回收的含烃矿物残渣的浆液通入气化区转化为合成气 为液化区供应氢气。 现在已经发现，在该方法中，通过将低液化区的停留时间和相对较高的含矿物残渣的浆料的再循环速率与进料煤速率相结合，实现了有利于所需馏出油产物的惊人的高反应选择性。 在这些条件下，所需的馏出油产物的产率可以提高到出乎意料的高水平，而高沸点产物和低沸点产物的产率都降低，而氢消耗量降低。
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