公开(公告)号：US20090047567A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-19

申请号：US12184820

申请日：2008-08-01

申请人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita ,  Tsuyonobu Hatazawa

发明人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita ,  Tsuyonobu Hatazawa

IPC分类号： H01M4/60 ,  C12N11/16

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12Q1/001 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： A biofuel cell has a structure in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other with a electrolyte layer provided therebetween, at least one of the cathode and the anode including an electrode on which at least one enzyme and at least one electron mediator are immobilized. The concentration of the electron mediator immobilized on the electrode is at least 10 times a Michaelis constant Km of the electron mediator for the enzyme, which is determined by measurement in a solution.

摘要翻译： 生物燃料电池具有其中阴极和阳极彼此相对的结构，其间设置有电解质层，阴极和阳极中的至少一个包括电极，至少一个酶和至少一个电子介体是 固定化 固定在电极上的电子介体的浓度是通过溶液中测量确定的酶的电子介体的米氏常数Km的至少10倍。

公开(公告)号：US08956772B2

公开(公告)日：2015-02-17

申请号：US12745603

申请日：2008-11-19

申请人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/06 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： To provide a fuel cell that can perform efficient power generation through a simple fuel supply. There is provided a fuel cell that generates electricity through progress of an oxidation-reduction reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst, the fuel cell including at least a fuel-vaporizing layer formed through vaporization of a fuel; an anode to which a vaporized fuel is supplied from the fuel-vaporizing layer; and a cathode connected to the anode in a state in which protons can be conducted. In the fuel cell, since a fuel is supplied to an electrode in a vaporized state, a vaporized fuel is supplied to an inner portion of the electrode and a reaction sufficiently proceeds at the inner surface of the electrode, which can achieve high output due to efficient power generation. Furthermore, even if an enzyme or the like is immobilized on an electrode, the enzyme or the like can be prevented from leaching out into a liquid fuel because a fuel is supplied to the electrode in a vaporized state, which can prevent a decrease in the output caused by leaching out of the enzyme or the like.

摘要翻译： 提供能够通过简单的燃料供给来实现高效发电的燃料电池。 提供了一种通过使用酶作为催化剂进行氧化还原反应而发电的燃料电池，所述燃料电池至少包括通过燃料蒸发形成的燃料蒸发层; 从燃料汽化层供给汽化燃料的阳极; 以及在可以导电质子的状态下连接到阳极的阴极。 在燃料电池中，由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料，所以向电极的内部供给汽化燃料，在电极的内表面充分进行反应，由此可以实现高输出 高效发电。 此外，即使将酶等固定在电极上，也可以防止由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料而使酶等浸出到液体燃料中，从而能够防止 通过从酶等浸出而产生的输出。

公开(公告)号：US20140065494A1

公开(公告)日：2014-03-06

申请号：US13982099

申请日：2012-01-24

申请人： Shuji Fujita ,  Hiroki Mita ,  Shun Yamanoi ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Yuichi Tokita ,  Seiichiro Tabata ,  Tsunetoshi Samukawa ,  Takaaki Nakagawa

发明人： Shuji Fujita ,  Hiroki Mita ,  Shun Yamanoi ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Yuichi Tokita ,  Seiichiro Tabata ,  Tsunetoshi Samukawa ,  Takaaki Nakagawa

IPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  C25B11/04 ,  G01N27/327

CPC分类号： H01M4/9008 ,  C25B11/0447 ,  G01N27/327 ,  H01M4/9083 ,  H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： Provided is a fuel cell capable of preventing elution of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof immobilized on an electrode, and capable of preventing performance degradation due to elution, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell.A biofuel cell having a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode face each other via a proton conductor, the biofuel cell configured so that an enzyme is used to extract electrons from a fuel, wherein the negative electrode is configured from an electrode including carbon and/or an inorganic compound having pores with a size of 2 nm or more and 100 nm or less on the surface, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and/or a derivative thereof being immobilized on the carbon and/or the inorganic compound. A carbon particle, a carbon sheet, or carbon fiber is used as the carbon.

摘要翻译： 提供一种燃料电池，其能够防止固定在电极上的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸和/或其衍生物的洗脱，并且能够防止由于洗脱引起的性能劣化，以及燃料电池的制造方法。 一种生物燃料电池，其具有通过质子导体将正极和负极面对的结构，所述生物燃料电池被配置为使得酶用于从燃料中提取电子，其中所述负极由电极构成，所述电极包括 碳和/或具有尺寸为2nm以上且100nm以下的孔的无机化合物，烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸和/或其衍生物固定在碳和/或无机化合物上。 使用碳粒子，碳片或碳纤维作为碳。

公开(公告)号：US20110200889A1

公开(公告)日：2011-08-18

申请号：US13121992

申请日：2009-10-07

申请人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Hiroki Mita ,  Yoshio Goto ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Ryuhei Matsumoto ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Hiroki Mita ,  Yoshio Goto ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Ryuhei Matsumoto ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M8/08

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： A fuel cell with which in the case where an enzyme is immobilized to at least one of a cathode and an anode, sufficient buffer ability is able to be obtained even at the time of high output operation, ability inherent in the enzyme is able to be sufficiently demonstrated, and which has superior performance is provided. In a bio-fuel cell which has a structure in which a cathode and an anode are opposed to each other with an electrolyte layer containing a buffer substance in between, and in which an enzyme is immobilized to at least one of the cathode and the anode, a compound containing an imidazole ring is contained in the electrolyte layer as a buffer substance, and one or more acids selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid are further added.

摘要翻译： 在将酶固定在阴极和阳极中的至少一个的情况下的燃料电池，即使在高输出操作时也能获得足够的缓冲能力，酶的固有能力可以是 充分证明，并且具有优异的性能。 在具有其中阴极和阳极彼此相对的结构的生物燃料电池中，其间包含缓冲物质的电解质层，并且其中酶固定在阴极和阳极中的至少一个上 ，作为缓冲物质的电解质层含有含有咪唑环的化合物，进一步添加一种或多种选自乙酸，磷酸和硫酸的酸。

公开(公告)号：US20110117453A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-19

申请号：US13001902

申请日：2009-06-30

申请人： Yuichi Tokita ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hiroki Mita

发明人： Yuichi Tokita ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hideyuki Kumita ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hiroki Mita

IPC分类号： H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M8/06 ,  H01M8/0625 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： The present invention provides a fuel reformer which enables power generation to be actually performed even in the case of using very-safe familiar things such as food and drink and food scraps as a fuel of a biofuel cell. The fuel reformer is used for a fuel cell which generates power as an oxidation reduction reaction progresses using enzyme as a catalyst, and has: a primary fuel introduction unit for introducing a primary fuel; a fuel reforming unit communicating with the primary fuel introduction unit and reforming the primary fuel to a secondary fuel from which electrons can be emitted by an oxidation reduction reaction using enzyme as a catalyst; and a secondary fuel supplying unit communicating with the fuel reforming unit and supplying the secondary fuel to the fuel cell.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种燃料重整器，其即使在使用非常安全的熟悉的东西如食物和饮料以及作为生物燃料电池的燃料的食物废料的情况下也能够实际发电。 所述燃料重整器用于燃料电池，所述燃料电池随着氧化还原反应而产生电力，所述氧化还原反应使用酶作为催化剂进行，并且具有：用于引入初级燃料的初级燃料引入单元; 燃料重整单元，与主要燃料引入单元连通，并且通过使用酶作为催化剂的氧化还原反应将初级燃料重整成能够从其中排出电子的二次燃料; 以及与燃料重整单元连通并将二次燃料供应到燃料电池的二次燃料供给单元。

公开(公告)号：US20100047670A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-25

申请号：US12532006

申请日：2008-02-29

申请人： Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Masaya Kakuta ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M4/90 ,  C12N11/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  C12N11/02 ,  C12N11/14 ,  H01M4/90 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： An enzyme-immobilized electrode is provided and includes an electrode composed of porous carbon or the like, a phospholipid layer on the electrode (11), and enzymes immobilized onto the phospholipid layer. The enzymes are, for example, diaphorase and glucose dehydrogenase. An intermediate layer composed of a protein or the like may be provided between the electrode and the phospholipid layer. By using the enzyme-immobilized electrode as a negative electrode or a positive electrode in a fuel cell using an enzyme, one or a plurality of types of enzymes can be immobilized at optimal positions on the electrode, and thus, there are provided a highly efficient enzyme-immobilized electrode and a highly efficient fuel cell using the enzyme-immobilized electrode.

摘要翻译： 提供酶固定化电极，包括由多孔碳等构成的电极，电极（11）上的磷脂层和固定在磷脂层上的酶。 酶是例如心肌黄酶和葡萄糖脱氢酶。 可以在电极和磷脂层之间设置由蛋白质等构成的中间层。 通过在使用酶的燃料电池中使用酶固定化电极作为负极或正极，可以将一种或多种类型的酶固定在电极的最佳位置，从而提供高效率 酶固定化电极和使用酶固定化电极的高效燃料电池。

公开(公告)号：US20110059374A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-10

申请号：US12921868

申请日：2009-03-02

申请人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Yoshio Goto ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hiroki Mita ,  Ryuhei Matsumoto ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Yoshio Goto ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Hiroki Mita ,  Ryuhei Matsumoto ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： A fuel cell having excellent properties is provided in which, when an enzyme is immobilized in at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a sufficient buffering capability can be provided even in a high power output operation and the inherent capability of the enzyme can be sufficiently exerted. In a biofuel cell including a structure in which a positive electrode 2 and a negative electrode 1 face each other with an electrolyte layer 3 therebetween, the electrolyte layer 3 containing a buffer material, and the biofuel cell including an enzyme immobilized in at least one of the positive electrode 2 and the negative electrode 1, the electrolyte layer 3 contains a compound including an imidazole ring as a buffer material and at least one acid selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid is further added to the electrolyte layer 3. As the compound including an imidazole ring, imidazole, 1-methylimidazole, 2-methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole, 2-ethylimidazole, or the like is used.

摘要翻译： 提供一种具有优异特性的燃料电池，其中当酶固定在正电极和负电极中的至少一个中时，即使在高功率输出操作和酶的固有能力下也可以提供足够的缓冲能力 可以充分发挥。 在包括其间具有电解质层3的正极2和负极1彼此面对的结构的生物燃料电池中，包含缓冲材料的电解质层3和包含固定在以下的至少一个中的酶的生物燃料电池 正极2和负极1，电解质层3含有包含咪唑环作为缓冲材料的化合物，并且还将至少一种选自乙酸，磷酸和硫酸的酸加入到 作为包含咪唑环的化合物，可以使用咪唑，1-甲基咪唑，2-甲基咪唑，4-甲基咪唑，2-乙基咪唑等。

公开(公告)号：US20100310946A1

公开(公告)日：2010-12-09

申请号：US12745603

申请日：2008-11-19

申请人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideki Sakai ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M8/06

CPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/04186 ,  H01M8/16 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： To provide a fuel cell that can perform efficient power generation through a simple fuel supply. There is provided a fuel cell that generates electricity through progress of an oxidation-reduction reaction using an enzyme as a catalyst, the fuel cell including at least a fuel-vaporizing layer formed through vaporization of a fuel; an anode to which a vaporized fuel is supplied from the fuel-vaporizing layer; and a cathode connected to the anode in a state in which protons can be conducted. In the fuel cell, since a fuel is supplied to an electrode in a vaporized state, a vaporized fuel is supplied to an inner portion of the electrode and a reaction sufficiently proceeds at the inner surface of the electrode, which can achieve high output due to efficient power generation. Furthermore, even if an enzyme or the like is immobilized on an electrode, the enzyme or the like can be prevented from leaching out into a liquid fuel because a fuel is supplied to the electrode in a vaporized state, which can prevent a decrease in the output caused by leaching out of the enzyme or the like.

摘要翻译： 提供能够通过简单的燃料供给来实现高效发电的燃料电池。 提供了一种通过使用酶作为催化剂进行氧化还原反应而发电的燃料电池，所述燃料电池至少包括通过燃料蒸发形成的燃料蒸发层; 从燃料汽化层供给汽化燃料的阳极; 以及在可以导电质子的状态下连接到阳极的阴极。 在燃料电池中，由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料，所以向电极的内部供给汽化燃料，在电极的内表面充分进行反应，由此可以实现高输出 高效发电。 此外，即使将酶等固定在电极上，也可以防止由于向蒸发状态的电极供给燃料而使酶等浸出到液体燃料中，从而能够防止 通过从酶等浸出而产生的输出。

公开(公告)号：US20130011749A1

公开(公告)日：2013-01-10

申请号：US13637701

申请日：2011-03-31

申请人： Hiroki Mita ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Ryuhei Matsumoto

发明人： Hiroki Mita ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Yuichi Tokita ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Ryuhei Matsumoto

IPC分类号： H01M8/16

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M8/04201 ,  Y02E60/527

摘要： A separator formed of a material, which does not transmit liquid, is provided between a cell unit including an electrode on a surface of which an oxidoreductase is present and a fuel storage unit provided adjacent to the cell unit. It is configured such that power generation is started by supply of fuel solution stored in the fuel storage unit to the cell unit by removal of at least a part of the separator.

摘要翻译： 由不含透过液体的材料形成的隔板设置在包含存在氧化还原酶的表面上的电极和与电池单元相邻设置的燃料存储单元之间的电池单元。 其构造成使得通过将至少一部分分离器移除而将存储在燃料存储单元中的燃料溶液供应到电池单元开始发电。

公开(公告)号：US20110229776A1

公开(公告)日：2011-09-22

申请号：US13130475

申请日：2009-11-24

申请人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

发明人： Hideyuki Kumita ,  Takaaki Nakagawa ,  Hideki Sakai ,  Masaya Kakuta ,  Yuichi Tokita

IPC分类号： H01M4/88 ,  H01M8/00 ,  H01M8/16 ,  H01M4/90 ,  C12N9/00 ,  C12N9/02

CPC分类号： H01M8/16 ,  H01M4/8825 ,  H01M4/8882 ,  H01M4/90 ,  Y02E60/527 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： Provided are an enzyme immobilizing method, a fuel cell and an electrode for the fuel cell which employ the enzyme immobilizing method, and a method for manufacturing the fuel cell and the electrode. The enzyme immobilizing method prevents reduction in enzyme activity when the enzyme is immobilized on the electrode, so as to make it possible to obtain a high catalyst current value. In the method for immobilizing an enzyme on the electrode used in the fuel cell, an enzyme variant with at least one amino acid residue being deleted, substituted, added, or inserted in a wild-type amino acid sequences is used as the enzyme, and the enzyme variant increases in activity through heat treatment. The immobilization is performed within a temperature range which makes it possible to increase the activity of the enzyme variant.

摘要翻译： 提供了酶固定化方法，燃料电池和使用酶固定化方法的燃料电池用电极，以及制造燃料电池和电极的方法。 当酶固定在电极上时，酶固定化方法防止酶活性的降低，从而可以获得高的催化剂电流值。 在将酶固定在燃料电池中使用的电极上的方法中，使用缺失，取代，添加或插入到野生型氨基酸序列中的至少一个氨基酸残基的酶变体作为酶， 酶变体通过热处理增加活性。 在可以增加酶变体的活性的温度范围内进行固定化。