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公开(公告)号：US4584084A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-22
申请号：US707988
申请日：1985-03-04
CPC分类号： C25C7/02 , C25B11/0484 , H01M4/00 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/661
摘要： An electrolytic electrode which exhibits high durability when used in electrochemical processes in which the generation of oxygen is involved and a process for the production of the same. The electrolytic electrode comprises(a) an electrode substrate of an electrically-conductive metal;(b) an electrode coating of an electrode active substance; and(c) an intermediate layer provided between the electrode substrate (a) and the electrode coating (b), wherein the intermediate layer (c) comprises a mixed oxide of(i) an oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tin (Sn), each having a valence number of 4, in an amount of 60 to 95% by weight based on the weight of metal, and(ii) an oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and Thallium (Tl), each having a valence number of 2 or 3, in an amount of about 5 to about 40% by weight based on the weight of metal.
摘要翻译： 当用于涉及氧的产生的电化学过程中显示出高耐久性的电解电极及其制造方法。 电解电极包括（a）导电金属的电极基板; （b）电极活性物质的电极涂层; 以及（c）设置在电极基板（a）和电极涂层（b）之间的中间层，其中中间层（c）包括混合氧化物（i）至少一种选自以下的组分的氧化物： 钛（Ti）和锡（Sn），其数量为4，金属重量为60〜95重量％，（ii）至少一种选自 由铝（Al），镓（Ga），铁（Fe），钴（Co），镍（Ni）和铊（Tl）组成的组，其数量为2或3，数量为约5至 约40重量％，基于金属的重量。
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2.发明授权Method for electrolyzing dilute caustic alkali aqueous solution by periodically reversing electrode polarities 失效通过周期性地反转电极极性电解稀碱苛性碱水溶液的方法
公开(公告)号：US4578160A
公开(公告)日：1986-03-25
申请号：US590668
申请日：1984-03-19
摘要： A method for electrolyzing a dilute caustic alkali aqueous solution in an electrolytic cell partitioned by a cation exchange membrane using iron, nickel or their base alloys as an electrode, and an apparatus thereof whereby the polarities of the electrodes are periodically reversed.
摘要翻译： 用由铁，镍或其基体合金作为电极的阳离子交换膜分隔的电解槽中的稀碱苛性碱水溶液的电解方法及其电极周期性反转的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US4481097A
公开(公告)日：1984-11-06
申请号：US575602
申请日：1984-01-31
CPC分类号： C25B11/0484 , C25C7/02
摘要： An electrode comprising a substrate of a conducting metal, a coat of an electrode active substrate, and a layer interposed between the substrate and the coat to serve as a protective barrier for the substrate acquires improved durability by using, as the intermediate layer, a layer having platinum dispersed in a mixed oxide consisting of an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium and tin, each having a valence of 4, and an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum and niobium, each having a valence of 5. The electrode of improved durability is produced by a process which comprises the steps of preparing a substrate of a conducting metal, depositing a solution containing salts of Ti and/or Sn, Ta and/or Nb, and Pt on the substrate, heating the resultant coated substrate under the blanket of an oxidizing gas thereby forming an intermediate layer on the substrate, and subsequently coating the intermediate layer with a layer of an electrode active substance.
摘要翻译： 包括导电金属的基板，电极活性基板的涂层和介于基板和涂层之间的层以用作基板的保护屏障的电极通过使用作为中间层的层来获得改善的耐久性 将铂分散在由选自钛和锡中的至少一种金属的氧化物组成的混合氧化物中，每一种都具有4价，以及选自钽和铌中的至少一种金属的氧化物 ，其价态为5.通过包括以下步骤的方法制备改善的耐久性的电极：制备导电金属的基材，沉积含有Ti和/或Sn，Ta和/或Nb的盐的溶液，以及 Pt在基板上，在氧化气体的橡皮布下加热所得到的涂覆的基板，从而在基板上形成中间层，随后用中间层 呃是电极活性物质。
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公开(公告)号：US4581117A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-08
申请号：US708000
申请日：1985-03-04
CPC分类号： C25B11/0484 , C25C7/02
摘要： An electrolytic electrode which exhibits high durability when used in electrochemical processes in which the generation of oxygen is involved and a process for the production of the same. The electrolytic electrode comprises(a) an electrode substrate of an electrically-conductive metal;(b) an electrode coating of an electrode active substance; and(c) an intermediate layer provided between the electrode substrate (a) and the electrode coating (b), wherein the intermediate layer (a) comprises a mixed oxide of:(i) an oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of titanium (Ti) and tin (Sn), each having a valence number of 4, and(ii) an oxide of at least one member selected from the group consisting of aluminum (Al), gallium (Ga), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and Thallium (Tl), each having a valence number of 2 or 3, and platinum (Pt) dispersed in said mixed oxide.
摘要翻译： 当用于涉及氧的产生的电化学过程中显示出高耐久性的电解电极及其制造方法。 电解电极包括（a）导电金属的电极基板; （b）电极活性物质的电极涂层; 和（c）设置在电极基板（a）和电极涂层（b）之间的中间层，其中中间层（a）包括混合氧化物：（i）至少一种选自组 由钛（Ti）和锡（Sn）组成，每个价数为4，和（ii）选自铝（Al），镓（Ga），铁（Fe ），钴（Co），镍（Ni）和铊（T1），每个都具有2或3的价数，以及分散在所述混合氧化物中的铂（Pt）。
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公开(公告)号：US4554176A
公开(公告)日：1985-11-19
申请号：US602861
申请日：1984-04-23
CPC分类号： C25B11/0484 , C25C7/02
摘要： An electrode comprising a substrate of a conducting metal, a coat of an electrode active substrate, and a layer interposed between the substrate and the coat to serve as a protective barrier for the substrate acquires improved durability by using, as the intermediate layer, a layer having platinum dispersed in a mixed oxide consisting of an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of titanium and tin, each having a valence of 4, and an oxide of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of tantalum and niobium, each having a valence of 5. The electrode of improved durability is produced by a process which comprises the steps of preparing a substrate of a conducting metal, depositing a solution containing salts of Ti and/or Sn, Ta and/or Nb, and Pt on the substrate, heating the resultant coated substrate under the blanket of an oxidizing gas thereby forming an intermediate layer on the substrate, and subsequently coating the intermediate layer with a layer of an electrode active substance.
摘要翻译： 包括导电金属的基板，电极活性基板的涂层和介于基板和涂层之间的层以用作基板的保护屏障的电极通过使用作为中间层的层来获得改善的耐久性 将铂分散在由选自钛和锡中的至少一种金属的氧化物组成的混合氧化物中，每一种都具有4价，以及选自钽和铌中的至少一种金属的氧化物 ，其价态为5.通过包括以下步骤的方法制备改善的耐久性的电极：制备导电金属的基底，沉积含有Ti和/或Sn，Ta和/或Nb的盐的溶液，以及 Pt在基板上，在氧化气体的橡皮布下加热所得到的涂覆的基板，从而在基板上形成中间层，随后用中间层 呃是电极活性物质。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4502931A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-05
申请号：US483014
申请日：1983-04-07
CPC分类号： C25B9/10 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2327/18
摘要： A process for the production of electrolytic ion exchange membranes with a coating, comprising coarsening the surface of an ion exchange membrane by an ion-etching treatment and, thereafter, coating the coarsened surface with a substance with a low electrochemical activity. The use of these ion exchange membranes greatly reduces the electrolytic voltage while maintaining a high current efficiency, and enables electrolysis to be performed in a stable manner over a long period of time.
摘要翻译： 一种用于制备具有涂层的电解离子交换膜的方法，包括通过离子蚀刻处理使离子交换膜的表面粗化，然后用具有低电化学活性的物质涂覆粗化表面。 这些离子交换膜的使用大大降低了电解电压，同时保持了高的电流效率，并且能够长时间稳定地进行电解。
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公开(公告)号：US4925538A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-15
申请号：US418765
申请日：1989-09-05
摘要： A method of electrolytically treating metals with an a.c. current or alternating pulsive current using an electrode comprising a metal substrate having a coating that comprises an oxide of ruthenium, iridium or rhodium as a counter electrode.
摘要翻译： 一种用a.c.电解处理金属的方法。 使用包括具有包含钌，铱或铑的氧化物的涂层作为对电极的金属基板的电极的电流或交替脉冲电流。
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公开(公告)号：US20100296870A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-25
申请号：US12675531
申请日：2008-08-25
申请人： Naoki Ono , Hiroaki Sakamoto , Kazuhiro Hirao , Toshinobu Kakita , Yasushi Wada , Yoshihito Fujii , Tsuneo Onodera
发明人： Naoki Ono , Hiroaki Sakamoto , Kazuhiro Hirao , Toshinobu Kakita , Yasushi Wada , Yoshihito Fujii , Tsuneo Onodera
CPC分类号： A01G25/06
摘要： A subirrigation system 10 includes a water-impervious member 16, and keeps water content in soil of a cultivated land 200 in a proper state for growing a plant. The water-impervious member 16 is formed into an upper opening vessel shape, and has a water reserving function. Water is fed to an inner portion of the water-impervious member 16 from a water tank 12 via a feed water pipe 14, whereby a soil portion 26 in a gravitational water state is formed. A water level 28 of the gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 is properly controlled to a desired water level by a water level controller 18 provided in the feed water pipe 14. The gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 controlled to the desired water level is appropriately sucked up to the soil in an upper layer in accordance with a capillary phenomenon. Accordingly, a soil portion 30 in a capillary water state having proper water content is formed in the cultivated land 200.
摘要翻译： 子灌溉系统10包括不透水构件16，并且在适当的状态下将耕地200的土壤中的含水量保持在植物生长中。 防水构件16形成为上开口容器形状，并具有储水功能。 水通过给水管14从水箱12供给到不透水构件16的内部，由此形成重力水状态的土壤部分26。 不透水构件16内的重力水的水位28被设置在给水管14中的水位控制器18适当地控制到期望的水位。防水构件16内的重力控制到 根据毛细管现象，期望的水位被适当吸入上层的土壤。 因此，在耕地200中形成具有适当含水量的毛细水分状态的土壤部分30。
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公开(公告)号：US09011041B2
公开(公告)日：2015-04-21
申请号：US12675531
申请日：2008-08-25
申请人： Naoki Ono , Hiroaki Sakamoto , Kazuhiro Hirao , Toshinobu Kakita , Yasushi Wada , Yoshihito Fujii , Tsuneo Onodera
发明人： Naoki Ono , Hiroaki Sakamoto , Kazuhiro Hirao , Toshinobu Kakita , Yasushi Wada , Yoshihito Fujii , Tsuneo Onodera
CPC分类号： A01G25/06
摘要： A subirrigation system 10 includes a water-impervious member 16, and keeps water content in soil of a cultivated land 200 in a proper state for growing a plant. The water-impervious member 16 is formed into an upper opening vessel shape, and has a water reserving function. Water is fed to an inner portion of the water-impervious member 16 from a water tank 12 via a feed water pipe 14, whereby a soil portion 26 in a gravitational water state is formed. A water level 28 of the gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 is properly controlled to a desired water level by a water level controller 18 provided in the feed water pipe 14. The gravitational water within the water-impervious member 16 controlled to the desired water level is appropriately sucked up to the soil in an upper layer in accordance with a capillary phenomenon. Accordingly, a soil portion 30 in a capillary water state having proper water content is formed in the cultivated land 200.
摘要翻译： 子灌溉系统10包括不透水构件16，并且在适当的状态下将耕地200的土壤中的含水量保持在植物生长中。 防水构件16形成为上开口容器形状，并具有储水功能。 水通过给水管14从水箱12供给到不透水构件16的内部，由此形成重力水状态的土壤部分26。 不透水构件16内的重力水的水位28被设置在给水管14中的水位控制器18适当地控制到期望的水位。防水构件16内的重力控制到 根据毛细管现象，期望的水位被适当吸入上层的土壤。 因此，在耕地200中形成具有适当含水量的毛细水分状态的土壤部分30。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5059297A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-22
申请号：US495957
申请日：1990-03-20
申请人： Kazuhiro Hirao , Takanobu Hayashi
发明人： Kazuhiro Hirao , Takanobu Hayashi
CPC分类号： C25B11/0478
摘要： An electrode for use in electrolysis is disclosed, which comprises a metallic substrate having formed on the surfaces thereof, in sequence, an amorphous layer free of grain boundaries, and an active electrode material coating. The electrode shows excellent durability even when used in electrolysis accompanied by oxygen evolution. A process for producing the electrode is also disclosed.
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