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    X-ray tube and method and apparatus for analyzing fluid streams using x-rays
    1.
    发明授权
    X-ray tube and method and apparatus for analyzing fluid streams using x-rays 有权
    X射线管和用于使用x射线分析流体流的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07072439B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-07-04

    申请号：US10858173

    申请日：2004-06-01

    申请人： Ian Radley ,  Thomas J. Bievenue ,  John H. Burdett, Jr. ,  Brian W. Gallagher ,  Stuart M. Shakshober ,  Zewu Chen ,  Michael D. Moore

    发明人： Ian Radley ,  Thomas J. Bievenue ,  John H. Burdett, Jr. ,  Brian W. Gallagher ,  Stuart M. Shakshober ,  Zewu Chen ,  Michael D. Moore

    IPC分类号： G01N23/223

    CPC分类号： H01J35/12 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  H01J2235/1295

    摘要： A technique for analyzing fluids by means of x-ray fluorescence applicable to any fluid, including liquids and gases, which emit x-ray fluorescence when exposed to x-rays. The apparatus includes an x-ray source (82) including an x-ray tube (64) having improved heat dissipating properties due to a thermally-conductive, dielectric material (70, 1150). The x-ray tube also includes means for aligning (100, 2150, 2715) the tube with the source housing whereby the orientation of the x-ray beam produced by the source can be optimized, and stabilized over various operating conditions. The method and apparatus may also include an x-ray detector having a small-area, for example, a PIN-diode type semiconductor x-ray detector (120), that can provide effective x-ray detection at room temperature. One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于通过适用于暴露于x射线时发射x射线荧光的任何流体（包括液体和气体）的X射线荧光来分析流体的技术。 该装置包括一个x射线源（82），它包括由于导热的介电材料（70,1150）而具有改善的散热特性的x射线管。 X射线管还包括用于使管与源壳体对准（100,2150,2715）的装置，由此可以优化由源产生的x射线束的取向，并在各种操作条件下稳定。 该方法和装置还可以包括具有小面积的X射线检测器，例如PIN二极管型半导体x射线检测器（120），其能够在室温下提供有效的x射线检测。 所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

    Method and device for cooling and electrically insulating a high voltage, heat-generating component such as an x-ray tube for analyzing fluid streams
    3.
    发明授权
    Method and device for cooling and electrically insulating a high voltage, heat-generating component such as an x-ray tube for analyzing fluid streams 有权
    用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热组件如X射线管的方法和装置，用于分析流体流

    公开(公告)号：US07519159B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-04-14

    申请号：US11404945

    申请日：2006-04-14

    申请人： Ian Radley ,  Thomas J. Bievenue ,  John H. Burdett, Jr. ,  Brian W. Gallagher ,  Stuart M. Shakshober ,  Zewu Chen

    发明人： Ian Radley ,  Thomas J. Bievenue ,  John H. Burdett, Jr. ,  Brian W. Gallagher ,  Stuart M. Shakshober ,  Zewu Chen

    IPC分类号： H01J35/10 ,  H01J35/00

    CPC分类号： G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G21K1/06 ,  Y10S439/936

    摘要： A method and device for cooling and electrically-insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component, for example, an x-ray tube (1105) for analyzing fluids by means of x-ray fluorescence. The device includes an x-ray source (1100) including an x-ray tube (1105) having improved heat-dissipating properties due to the thermal coupling of the x-ray tube with a thermally-conductive, dielectric material (1150). The device may include a base assembly (1135) mounted to the component for conducting heat away from the component while electrically isolating the component. In one aspect of the invention, the base assembly includes two copper plates (1140, 1145) separated by a dielectric plate (1150). The dielectric plate minimizes or prevents the leakage of current through the base assembly (1135). One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热部件的方法和装置，例如用于通过x射线荧光分析流体的X射线管（1105）。 该装置包括由X射线管与导热介电材料（1150）的热耦合而具有改善的散热特性的x射线管（1105）的X射线源（1100）。 该装置可以包括安装到部件上的基部组件（1135），用于在将组件电绝缘的同时将部件散热。 在本发明的一个方面，基座组件包括由电介质板（1150）分开的两个铜板（1140,1145）。 电介质板最小化或防止电流通过基座组件（1135）的泄漏。 所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

    Method and device for cooling and electrically insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component such as an x-ray tube for analyzing fluid streams
    4.
    发明授权
    Method and device for cooling and electrically insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component such as an x-ray tube for analyzing fluid streams 有权
    用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热组件如X射线管的方法和装置，用于分析流体流

    公开(公告)号：US07110506B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-09-19

    申请号：US10859818

    申请日：2004-06-03

    申请人： Ian Radley ,  Thomas J. Bievenue ,  John H. Burdett, Jr. ,  Brian W. Gallagher ,  Stuart M. Shakshober ,  Zewu Chen

    发明人： Ian Radley ,  Thomas J. Bievenue ,  John H. Burdett, Jr. ,  Brian W. Gallagher ,  Stuart M. Shakshober ,  Zewu Chen

    IPC分类号： H01J35/10

    CPC分类号： G01N23/12 ,  G01N23/223 ,  G01N2223/076 ,  G21K1/06 ,  Y10S439/936

    摘要： A method and device for cooling and electrically-insulating a high-voltage, heat-generating component, for example, an x-ray tube (1105) for analyzing fluids by means of x-ray fluorescence. The device includes an x-ray source (1100) including an x-ray tube (1105) having improved heat-dissipating properties due to the thermal coupling of the x-ray tube with a thermally-conductive, dielectric material (1150). The device may include a base assembly (1135) mounted to the component for conducting heat away from the component while electrically isolating the component. In one aspect of the invention, the base assembly includes two copper plates (1140, 1145) separated by a dielectric plate (1150). The dielectric plate minimizes or prevents the leakage of current through the base assembly (1135). One aspect of the disclosed invention is most amenable to the analysis of sulfur in petroleum-based fuels.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于冷却和电绝缘高压发热部件的方法和装置，例如用于通过x射线荧光分析流体的X射线管（1105）。 该装置包括由X射线管与导热介电材料（1150）的热耦合而具有改善的散热特性的x射线管（1105）的X射线源（1100）。 该装置可以包括安装到部件上的基部组件（1135），用于在将组件电绝缘的同时将部件散热。 在本发明的一个方面，基座组件包括由电介质板（1150）分开的两个铜板（1140,1145）。 电介质板最小化或防止电流通过基座组件（1135）的泄漏。 所公开的发明的一个方面最适于分析石油基燃料中的硫。

    Shielded sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for X-ray analyzer
    6.
    发明授权
    Shielded sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for X-ray analyzer 失效
    用于X射线分析仪的屏蔽样品池插入和去除装置

    公开(公告)号：US07738628B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-06-15

    申请号：US12326160

    申请日：2008-12-02

    申请人： Rory D. Delaney ,  Brian W. Gallagher

    发明人： Rory D. Delaney ,  Brian W. Gallagher

    IPC分类号： G21K1/04 ,  H05G1/00

    CPC分类号： G01N23/223 ,  G01N23/2204 ,  G01N2223/076

    摘要： A shielded sample cell insertion and removal apparatus for an x-ray analysis instrument, including a sample cell setting to hold a sample cell, an outer surface of which exposes the sample to an x-ray engine; and a shielded area positioned over the sample cell, to shield an area beyond the sample cell from x-rays transmitted from the x-ray engine. Upon moving the apparatus into and out of the instrument, the sample cell is moved into and out of an analysis position, while retaining shielding of areas beyond the sample cell from x-rays transmitted from the x-ray engine of the instrument.

    摘要翻译： 一种用于X射线分析仪器的屏蔽样品池插入和移除装置，包括用于保持样品池的样品池设置，其外表面将样品暴露于X射线引擎; 以及位于样品池上方的屏蔽区域，以遮蔽超过样品池的区域与从X射线引擎发射的X射线。 当将装置移入和移出仪器时，将样品池移入和移出分析位置，同时保持超出样品池的区域的屏蔽不被从仪器的x射线引擎传输的X射线。

    Dewar construction for cooling radiation detector cold finger
    7.
    发明授权
    Dewar construction for cooling radiation detector cold finger 失效
    杜瓦建筑冷却辐射探测器冷手指

    公开(公告)号：US5302831A

    公开(公告)日：1994-04-12

    申请号：US876848

    申请日：1992-04-30

    申请人： Brian W. Gallagher ,  Duncan R. Quinn

    发明人： Brian W. Gallagher ,  Duncan R. Quinn

    IPC分类号： G01Q30/00 ,  H01J37/24 ,  H01J37/244

    CPC分类号： H01J37/244 ,  H01J37/24

    摘要： An inner vessel having a truncated triangular volume is spaced from an outer housing of similar shape to form a chamber therebetween. A thermally conductive strap is connected at one end to the vessel at its other end to a cold finger tube extending into the chamber. The vessel contains liquid nitrogen and is secured in spaced relationship from the outer housing by a fiberglass liquid nitrogen fill tube. An electronic assembly for processing signals generated by the detector cooled by the cold finger are aligned with the cold finger external the dewar housing. The dewar accommodates entry port angles between zero and 60.degree. for different microscopes without physical interference with the microscope housing and attachments.

    摘要翻译： 具有截头三角形体积的内部容器与类似形状的外部壳体间隔开，以在它们之间形成室。 导热带的一端在其另一端连接到延伸进入室的冷指管的容器。 容器含有液氮，并通过玻璃纤维液氮填充管与外壳间隔开固定。 用于处理由冷手指冷却的检测器产生的信号的电子组件与杜瓦瓶壳外部的冷手指对准。 杜瓦瓶适用于不同显微镜的入口角度在零度和60度之间，而不会对显微镜外壳和附件造成物理干扰。

    Deicing device for cryogenically cooled radiation detector
    8.
    发明授权
    Deicing device for cryogenically cooled radiation detector 失效
    用于低温冷却辐射探测器的除冰装置

    公开(公告)号：US5274237A

    公开(公告)日：1993-12-28

    申请号：US862084

    申请日：1992-04-02

    申请人： Brian W. Gallagher ,  Robert W. Bergensten

    发明人： Brian W. Gallagher ,  Robert W. Bergensten

    IPC分类号： G01T1/00

    CPC分类号： G01T1/00

    摘要： An X-ray radiation detector is thermally conductively secured to the end of a cryogenically cooled copper cold finger in an evacuated atmosphere. A collimator having a conical radiation conduit at a relatively low evacuated pressure is thermally conductively secured to the end of the cold finger for passing radiation emitted by an electron microscope and reflected from a specimen to the detector in a windowless environment. The collimator and cold finger are at about the same cryogenic temperature. The detector is maintained at a temperature of a few degrees C. above that of the collimator. The collimator conduit radiation ingress aperture is dimensioned to limit gas flow to the conduit to limit moisture flow into the conduit and to the detector, the gas flow being molecular in a low pressure atmosphere. Due to the temperature differential between the detector and collimator, moisture sublimes from the detector to the collimator inside the conduit where the moisture adheres to the collimator as ice providing a relatively ice free detector for long term continuous operation.

    摘要翻译： X射线辐射检测器在抽空的气氛中导热地固定在低温冷却的铜冷手指的末端。 具有相对较低抽真空压力的锥形辐射导管的准直器被热传导地固定到冷指的末端，以通过电子显微镜发射的辐射并在无窗环境中将样本反射到检测器。 准直器和冷指状物处于大致相同的低温温度。 检测器保持在比准直器的温度高几摄氏度的温度。 准直器导管辐射入口的尺寸被设计成限制到导管的气流，以限制进入导管和检测器的水分流，气流在低压气氛中是分子的。 由于检测器和准直器之间的温度差异，水分从检测器升高到导管内部的准直器，其中水分作为冰粘附到准直器，为长期连续操作提供了相对无冰的检测器。

    Cryogenic cooling apparatus for radiation detector
    9.
    发明授权
    Cryogenic cooling apparatus for radiation detector 失效
    用于辐射探测器的低温冷却装置

    公开(公告)号：US5235817A

    公开(公告)日：1993-08-17

    申请号：US862050

    申请日：1992-04-02

    申请人： Brian W. Gallagher ,  Robert W. Bergensten

    发明人： Brian W. Gallagher ,  Robert W. Bergensten

    IPC分类号： F17C13/00 ,  F25D19/00

    CPC分类号： F25D19/006 ,  F17C13/006 ,  F17C2203/03 ,  F17C2203/0643 ,  F17C2223/0161

    摘要： Parallel heat paths are provided by three nested tubes, the outer tube being of stainless steel and connected cantilevered to a housing at ambient temperature. The innermost tube forms a cold finger having a negligible temperature gradient and secured in thermal conductive isolation concentrically within an intermediate cold sleeve tube which is also concentric within the outer tube, the cold finger and cold sleeve tubes being made of copper. The tubes have a minimum diameter and specular facing surfaces to minimize radiation coupling which is the major source of heat transfer between the tubes. The two inner tubes have minimum thermal conductive coupling via thermal insulating tapered rings at one end and a thermal insulating support at the other end. A radiation detector is secured to the inner cold finger tube for receiving X-ray radiation from a specimen in an electron microscope. The other ends of the two inner tubes ar thermally conductively connected to a heat sink Dewar via braided copper straps.

    摘要翻译： 平行的热路由三个嵌套管提供，外管为不锈钢，并在环境温度下悬臂连接到外壳。 最内管形成具有可忽略的温度梯度的冷指，并且在热导隔离件中同心地固定在中间冷套管内，中间冷套管也在外管内同心，冷手套和冷套管由铜制成。 管具有最小直径和镜面对面的表面，以最小化辐射耦合，这是管之间的热传递的主要来源。 两个内管通过一端的隔热锥形环和另一端的绝热支撑件具有最小的热传导耦合。 辐射检测器被固定到内部冷指管，用于在电子显微镜中从样本接收X射线辐射。 两个内管的另一端通过编织铜带热导电地连接到散热器杜瓦。