公开(公告)号：US06434285B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-13

申请号：US09224370

申请日：1998-12-31

申请人： James N. Blake ,  Glen A. Sanders

发明人： James N. Blake ,  Glen A. Sanders

IPC分类号： G02B600

CPC分类号： G01R31/02

摘要： A sensor that measures a difference of currents at two locations along a conductor. The sensor uses two fiber optic current sensors. One current sensor at the first location measures current and has a nulling coil about its sensing loop, which carries current to null out the reading of current. Another current sensor at the second location measures current and also has a nulling coil about its sensing loop. The nulling coil of the latter sensor has the same current as the nulling coil of the sensor at the first location. For similar current sensors sensing the same magnitudes of current at their respective locations will have their outputs nulled to zero. However, if the first sensor output is nulled out and the sensor at the second location is sensing a different amount of current than the sensor at the first location, with the same amount of current in its nulling coil, then the output of the second sensor will indicate the difference of currents at the two locations, thereby indicating a loss or a gain of current along the conductor.

摘要翻译： 测量导体沿两个位置的电流差的传感器。 传感器使用两个光纤电流传感器。 第一位置处的一个电流传感器测量电流并且具有关于其感测回路的零线圈，其传送电流以使电流的读数为零。 第二位置处的另一电流传感器测量电流并且还具有关于其感测回路的零线圈。 后一传感器的零线圈与第一位置处的传感器的零线圈具有相同的电流。 对于类似的电流传感器，它们在相应位置感测出相同的电流幅度将使其输出为零。 然而，如果第一传感器输出为零，并且第二位置处的传感器感测到与第一位置处的传感器不同的电流量，在其零线圈中具有相同的电流量，则第二传感器的输出 将指示两个位置处的电流差异，从而指示沿着导体的电流的损失或增益。

公开(公告)号：US6046810A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-04

申请号：US224587

申请日：1998-12-31

申请人： Glen A. Sanders ,  James N. Blake ,  Ralph A. Bergh

发明人： Glen A. Sanders ,  James N. Blake ,  Ralph A. Bergh

IPC分类号： G01C19/72

CPC分类号： G01C19/72

摘要： An interferometric fiber optic gyroscope having compensation electronics to virtually eliminate rotation rate sensing errors caused by Kerr effect in the IFOG due to differing intensities of the counter-propagating beams relative to each other. Compensation accounts for varying intensities of the beams due to all or some changes of: the light beam splitter ratio relative to temperature; fiber coil loss due to temperature and longevity; and the intensity of the light source because of age.

摘要翻译： 具有补偿电子装置的干涉光纤陀螺仪，以实质上消除由于反向传播光束相对于彼此的不同强度而在IFOG中由克尔效应引起的旋转速率检测误差。 由于光束分离器相对于温度的全部或一些变化，补偿考虑到梁的变化强度; 光纤线圈由于温度和寿命而损失; 以及由于年龄而导致的光源强度。

公开(公告)号：US5469257A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-21

申请号：US158116

申请日：1993-11-24

申请人： James N. Blake ,  Glen A. Sanders ,  Lee K. Strandjord

发明人： James N. Blake ,  Glen A. Sanders ,  Lee K. Strandjord

IPC分类号： G01C19/72

CPC分类号： G01C19/721

摘要： A noise reducer for reducing the results in the system output signal of optical noise introduced into an optical subsystem therein, having a phase modulator, by a source through obtaining a noise representation signal used to offset the noise components in the signal obtained from the output of the optical subsystem. This noise representation signal is not delayed in the obtaining thereof by any more than half the delays of the waves emitted from the source in reaching the optical subsystem output. The noise reducer may incorporate a device for adjusting the amplitude of the noise representation signal. It may also include another device for adjusting the phase of the noise representation signal, which may be used to affect the amplitude of the noise representation signal. These adjustments can result in an optimization of the noise representation signal so as to better effectively cancel the optical noise signal at the output of the fiber optic gyro having the noise reducer. The phase adjustment may be accomplished by affecting the phase of the bias modulation signal that goes to demodulate the fiber optic gyroscope system output signal or to demodulate both the fiber optic gyroscope system output signal and the noise representation signal, before the two latter signals are combined. A generator may be used for constructing a periodic signal, such as a triangular wave, having an appropriate amplitude and phase, to be a noise representation signal that is used to offset or cancel the noise components in the output signal from the fiber optic gyroscope system.

摘要翻译： 一种降噪器，用于通过获得噪声表示信号来减少引入到其中的光学子系统中的光学子系统中的光学系统输出信号的结果，该信号由相位调制器通过获得用于偏移从输出中获得的信号中的噪声分量的噪声表示信号 光子系统。 在获得噪声表示信号时，该噪声表示信号在到达光学子系统输出时从源发射的波的延迟的一半以上不被延迟。 降噪器可以包括用于调整噪声表示信号的幅度的装置。 它还可以包括用于调整噪声表示信号的相位的另一装置，其可以用于影响噪声表示信号的幅度。 这些调整可以导致噪声表示信号的优化，以便更有效地抵消具有降噪器的光纤陀螺仪的输出处的光噪声信号。 相位调整可以通过在两个后一个信号组合之前影响去解调光纤陀螺仪系统输出信号或解调光纤陀螺仪系统输出信号和噪声表示信号的偏置调制信号的相位 。 发生器可以用于构造具有适当的幅度和相位的诸如三角波的周期信号，作为用于偏移或消除来自光纤陀螺仪系统的输出信号中的噪声分量的噪声表示信号 。

公开(公告)号：US07038786B2

公开(公告)日：2006-05-02

申请号：US10271523

申请日：2002-10-15

申请人： James N. Blake

发明人： James N. Blake

IPC分类号： G01B9/02

CPC分类号： G01D5/35303

摘要： In accordance with the preset invention, an optical interferometer employed as a current sensor is provided with visibility compensation and scale factor compensation. In accordance with the present invention, the interferometer is constructed so as to propagate a pair of optical beams along a defined optical path, where the optical interferometer includes a pair of optical beams that travel along at least a portion of the defined optical path such that a phase shift is induced between the pair of optical beams in response to a measureand, for example electrical current. At least one photodetector is responsive to at least a portion of the sum of the pair of optical beams and provide a beam output signal indicate thereof. From the beam output signal, a first signal is derived that is indicative of the visibility of the interferometer. A signal processor derives from the beam output signal an output signal indicative of the bias point of the interferometer, where the bias point is indicative of the induced phase shift in response to the measurand. A compensated interferometer output signal indicative of the induced phase shift is derived as a function of the visibility signal and bias point signal. In a specific embodiment of the invention, the visibility signal may simply be the output of a signal averaging circuit which in turn may adjust the gain of the signal processing circuit.

摘要翻译： 根据本发明，用作电流传感器的光学干涉仪具有可见度补偿和比例因子补偿。 根据本发明，干涉仪被构造成沿着限定的光路传播一对光束，其中光学干涉仪包括沿着限定的光路的至少一部分行进的一对光束，使得 响应于测量并且例如电流，在该对光束之间产生相移。 至少一个光电检测器响应于该对光束的总和的至少一部分，并提供其指示的光束输出信号。 从光束输出信号，导出指示干涉仪的可视性的第一信号。 信号处理器从光束输出信号中导出指示干涉仪的偏置点的输出信号，其中偏置点表示响应于被测量的感应相移。 作为可见度信号和偏置点信号的函数导出指示感应相移的补偿干涉仪输出信号。 在本发明的具体实施例中，可见度信号可以简单地是信号平均电路的输出，信号平均电路又可以调整信号处理电路的增益。

公开(公告)号：US06188811B1

公开(公告)日：2001-02-13

申请号：US09183977

申请日：1998-10-31

申请人： James N. Blake

发明人： James N. Blake

IPC分类号： G02B600

CPC分类号： G01R33/0322 ,  G01R15/246

摘要： A current sensor having an optmized optical fiber coil for sensing the magnetic field of a current of wire passing by or through the coil. The coil is optimally spun such that a particular ratio of the spin rate to the intrinsic polarization beat length is such for best maintenance of the circular polarization state of the light in the coil. The coil fiber may also be Terbium doped for greater sensitivity. The phase or birefringence modulation of the light may be piezoelectric or electro-optic. A Faraday rotator may be used in place of those modulators. The system may be open loop or closed loop. The feedback scheme may be via the modulator or the phase nulling current affecting the sensing coil.

摘要翻译： 一种具有优化的光纤线圈的电流传感器，用于感测由线圈通过或穿过线圈的电流的磁场。 线圈被最佳旋转，使得旋转速率与本征极化拍子长度的特定比率是为了最好地维持线圈中的光的圆偏振状态。 线圈光纤也可以掺杂铽，以提高灵敏度。 光的相位或双折射调制可以是压电或电光。 可以使用法拉第旋转器代替那些调制器。 该系统可以是开环或闭环。 反馈方案可以经由调制器或影响感测线圈的相位零点电流。

公开(公告)号：US4915468A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-10

申请号：US245717

申请日：1988-09-16

申请人： Byoung Y. Kim ,  James N. Blake

发明人： Byoung Y. Kim ,  James N. Blake

IPC分类号： G01D5/34 ,  G02B6/10 ,  G02B6/24 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02B6/34 ,  G02F1/01

CPC分类号： G02F1/0134 ,  G01D5/344 ,  G02B6/105 ,  G02B6/24 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02B6/02047 ,  G02B6/2726 ,  G02B6/29332

摘要： An apparatus utilizes a two-mode optical waveguide with a non-circular core to provide stable spatial intensity patterns in both propagation modes for light propagating therein. The light has a wavelength, and the non-circular core has cross-sectional dimensions selected such that (1) the waveguide propagates light at that wavelength in a fundamental mode and a higher order mode, and (2) substantially all of the light in the higher order mode propagates in only a single, stable intensity pattern. Embodiments of the invention include, for example, modal couplers, frequency shifters, mode selectors and interferometers. One of the interferometer embodiments may be used as a strain gauge.

摘要翻译： 一种装置利用具有非圆形芯的双模式光波导以在其中传播的光的两种传播模式中提供稳定的空间强度图案。 光具有波长，并且非圆形芯具有选择的截面尺寸，使得（1）波导以基模和高阶模式传播该波长处的光，以及（2）基本上所有的光在 高阶模式仅传播一个稳定的强度模式。 本发明的实施例包括例如模耦合器，移频器，模式选择器和干涉仪。 干涉仪实施例之一可以用作应变仪。

公开(公告)号：US08922194B2

公开(公告)日：2014-12-30

申请号：US13395282

申请日：2010-09-10

申请人： James N. Blake ,  Carl Glasow

发明人： James N. Blake ,  Carl Glasow

IPC分类号： G01R31/00 ,  G01R33/032

CPC分类号： G01R33/032

摘要： A master-slave current sensor system for measuring, for example, differential current on a transmission line is described. The slave current sensor can be periodically recalibrated (or have a compensation value re-calculated) based on the master sensor's average output, and the slave sensor can be unpowered and remote from an electronics box which receives its measurements. Health monitoring and fault location can also be performed using the master-slave optical current sensor system, optionally in conjunction with one or more voltage sensors.

摘要翻译： 描述用于测量例如传输线上的差分电流的主从电流传感器系统。 可以根据主传感器的平均输出，对从电流传感器进行周期性的重新校准（或重新计算补偿值），而从属传感器则可以从接收其测量的电子设备盒中取消供电和远距离。 健康监测和故障定位也可以使用主从光电流传感器系统进行，可选地与一个或多个电压传感器结合使用。

公开(公告)号：US07233746B2

公开(公告)日：2007-06-19

申请号：US10354798

申请日：2003-01-29

申请人： James N. Blake ,  James D. Hrabliuk ,  Farnoosh Rahmatian

发明人： James N. Blake ,  James D. Hrabliuk ,  Farnoosh Rahmatian

IPC分类号： H04J10/06

CPC分类号： G01R15/24 ,  G01R21/133

摘要： A sensor provides an analog sensor output signal that is first converted by a A/D converter, followed by a digital signal processor having a digital signal output that is converted to an analog signal by way of a D/A converter so as to provide an analog information output signal indicative of a parameter quantity intended to be sensed. An analog dither signal and/or a digital dither signal is provided for modulating the A/D converter input signal and/or D/A converter input signal, respectively, separately, or in combination, to enhance dynamic range accuracy of the resultant analog information output signal representative of the quantity of the parameter intended to be sensed.

公开(公告)号：US06285182B1

公开(公告)日：2001-09-04

申请号：US09207371

申请日：1998-12-08

申请人： James N. Blake ,  Charles H. Lange

发明人： James N. Blake ,  Charles H. Lange

IPC分类号： G01R3100

CPC分类号： G01R15/24

摘要： A true dV/dt voltage sensor having no need for a ground reference for measurement. The sensor is connected at two places on the electric line to be measured. The voltage wave has a delay between the two places on the line and the difference is sensed and converted into a voltage measurement. Another approach is to connect the sensor at one place on the electric line. This approach has the second connection through a phase delay circuit that has an input connected to the same place. The delay between the one connection and the output of the phase delay circuit is sensed and converted into a voltage measurement. The sensed difference is a voltage, which is applied across a device, such as an electro-optic crystal, an integrated optic circuit (IOC) or a Mach Zehnder interferometer, which is a light medium that has a birefringence or an index of refraction that varies with changes of applied voltage. The variation of birefringence changes the polarization state of the light going through the device. The intensity of at least one polarization of light is detected and converted to an electrical signal. The intensity of the two interfering light beams from the legs of the Mach Zehnder interferometer is a function of the measured voltage. The electrical signal is integrated into a signal indicative of the magnitude of the voltage being measured on the electric line.

摘要翻译： 真正的dV / dt电压传感器，不需要测量的接地参考。 传感器连接在要测量的电线上的两个位置。 电压波在线路上的两个位置之间具有延迟，并且差异被感测并转换成电压测量。 另一种方法是将传感器连接在电线的一个位置。 该方法具有通过相位延迟电路的第二连接，该相位延迟电路具有连接到相同位置的输入端。 相位延迟电路的一个连接和输出之间的延迟被感测并转换成电压测量。 所感测到的差异是施加在诸如电光晶体，集成光学电路（IOC）或马赫曾德尔干涉仪之类的器件上的电压，该干涉仪是具有双折射或折射率的光介质， 随施加电压的变化而变化。 双折射的变化改变了穿过器件的光的偏振状态。 光的至少一个极化的强度被检测并转换成电信号。 来自马赫曾德干涉仪的腿部的两个干涉光束的强度是测量电压的函数。 电信号被集成到指示在电线上测量的电压的大小的信号中。

公开(公告)号：US4832437A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-23

申请号：US48142

申请日：1987-05-11

申请人： Byoung Y. Kim ,  Herbert J. Shaw ,  Helege E. Engan ,  James N. Blake

发明人： Byoung Y. Kim ,  Herbert J. Shaw ,  Helege E. Engan ,  James N. Blake

IPC分类号： G02B6/14 ,  G02B6/28 ,  G02F1/01

CPC分类号： G02B6/14 ,  G02B6/2821 ,  G02F1/0134

摘要： An optical fiber is subjected to a series of traveling flexural waves propagating along a length of the fiber. At least a portion of an optical signal propagating within the optical fiber in a first propagation mode is coupled to a second propagation mode. The optical signal in the second propagation mode has a frequency which is equal to either the sum of or the difference between the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode and the frequency of the traveling flexural waves. The frequency of the optical signal in the second propagation mode is shifted upward or downward from the frequency of the optical signal in the first propagation mode as determined by the direction of propagation of the first optical signal with respect to the direction of propagation of the traveling flexural waves, and as also determined by whether the phase propagation velocity of the optical signal in the first propagation mode is greater than or less than the propagation velocity of the optical signal in the second propagation mode.

摘要翻译： 光纤经受沿纤维长度传播的一系列行进弯曲波。 以第一传播模式在光纤内传播的光信号的至少一部分耦合到第二传播模式。 第二传播模式中的光信号具有等于第一传播模式中的光信号的频率与行进的弯曲波的频率的和之和的频率的频率。 第二传播模式中的光信号的频率从第一传播模式中的光信号的频率向上或向下偏移，由第一光信号相对于传播的传播方向的传播方向确定 弯曲波，并且还根据第一传播模式中的光信号的相位传播速度是否大于或小于第二传播模式中的光信号的传播速度来确定。