摘要:
A lithographic apparatus includes a projection system, which includes a plurality of cubic crystalline optical elements that each impart retardance to a beam of radiation. The optical elements are aligned along an optical axis of the projection system and include two adjacent crystalline optical elements having a common crystalline lattice direction oriented along the optical axis. A first of the two adjacent elements is rotated about the optical axis with respect to a second of the adjacent elements with a predetermined rotation angle. The crystalline optical elements are selected and positioned along the optical axis and the rotation angle is selected such that, for each of two substantially perpendicular polarization states of the beam of radiation having a radiation wavelength of about 193 nm, the patterned beam of radiation has less than about 0.012 waves RMS of wavefront aberration across an exit pupil of the projection system.
摘要:
A photolithography tool including an optical system for transmitting a beam of radiation toward a substrate is presented. The optical system includes a plurality of calcium fluoride lens elements, optically transmissive of the beam of radiation, each having respective optical axes and imparting a retardance to the beam. The plurality of calcium fluoride lens elements are aligned along an optical path for propagation of the beam of radiation therethrough. Each of the calcium fluoride lens elements includes a cubic crystalline calcium fluoride that is aligned with its [111] lattice direction, or a lattice direction optically equivalent to the [111] lattice direction, substantially parallel with its optical axis. A first calcium fluoride lens element of the plurality of calcium fluoride lens elements is rotated about its optical axis with respect to a second calcium fluoride lens element. The optical system has less than or about 0.015 waves RMS of wavefront aberration.
摘要:
A method and system for performing image mark recognition for a document is disclosed. A document is scanned into a digital image. Reference image marks are sensed from the digital image. The reference image marks may include trigger row marks and/or corner/crop marks. Coordinates denoting the location of cells within the digital image are determined base on the locations of the reference image marks. Response marks are evaluated for darkness, opacity, and/or grayness on a pixel-by-pixel basis. The response marks are each assigned a percentage value based on the ratio between a total color value for a cell and a maximum color value for a cell.
摘要:
A medical instrument apparatus and method is provided for positioning and securing a spinal rod to a coupling device anchored to a vertebra. A reducer assembly shifts the spinal rod into place within the coupling device and a cap inserter assembly shifts a cap member into locking engagement with the coupling device to secure the spinal rod therein.
摘要:
A manufacturing apparatus, for moving sliders for opening and closing mating zipper elements along the mating zipper elements, includes a roller and a projection. The roller rotates about an axis substantially perpendicular with a path of a film including the mating zipper elements and contacts the film as the film moves in the film path at a speed equal to the speed of rotation of the roller. The projection rotates about an axis at a speed different than the rotational speed of the roller, with the projection rotating into proximity to the moving film along predetermined lengths of the film so as to be contactable with sliders mounted thereon. The projection comes into contact with sliders positioned along the mating zipper elements of the predetermined lengths of film and pushes those sliders along the mating zipper elements to respective registered positions.
摘要:
A pouch production apparatus includes a pouch forming apparatus operable to form pouches from an elongate web of material and zipper tape and an extrusion apparatus responsive to operation of the pouch forming apparatus and operable to extrude zipper tape. A pneumatic transport apparatus is operable to transport the zipper tape from the extrusion apparatus to the pouch forming apparatus during operation of the pouch forming apparatus. A method of producing a pouch using such apparatus is also disclosed.
摘要:
Instruments are provided for shifting elongate members, such as spinal rods, with respect to coupling members of spinal fixation systems. The instruments include a low friction drive mechanism having one or more rolling elements that ride along a helical groove or track in order to transform rotational movement of a drive member into linear shifting of a reducer member that shifts the elongate member. A one-way locking mechanism may be provided to selectively prevent unwanted counter-rotation of the low friction drive mechanism. The one-way locking mechanism may include annular ratchet teeth arranged on the exterior of the drive member and a ratchet pawl located adjacent to the teeth and selectively engageable therewith.
摘要:
Instruments and methods are provided for securing a spinal rod in one or more coupling devices secured to the spine by one or more anchor members. The instruments include members for grasping the coupling device and members for shifting one or more elements along a linear path to fix the position of an anchor member and/or fix the position of the rod with respect to the vertebra.
摘要:
Instruments and methods are provided for securing a spinal rod in one or more coupling devices secured to the spine by one or more anchor members. The instruments include members for grasping the coupling device and members for shifting one or more elements along a linear path to fix the position of an anchor member and/or fix the position of the rod with respect to the vertebra.
摘要:
A slider for opening and closing first and second longitudinally elongate closure members including a body with at least one sidewall that defines a channel, side member articulably attached to the sidewall, wherein the side member is laterally displaceable about a hinge. Additionally, an engagement member is attached to the side member. The engagement member extends across at least one of the closure members and operationally engages at least one of the closure members.