公开(公告)号：US07199695B1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-03

申请号：US11257404

申请日：2005-10-25

申请人： Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong

发明人： Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong

IPC分类号： H01F27/24

CPC分类号： H01F37/00 ,  H01F29/02 ,  H02M3/1584

摘要： A multiple phase buck converter or boost converter, or buck-boost converter has an inductor in each phase. A magnetic core with a unique woven topology provides inverse coupling between the inductors. The inductors can comprise straight conductors since the magnetic core has the woven topology wrapped around each inductor. The inductors have a reduced electrical resistance since they are straight and do not loop around the magnetic core. The reduced electrical resistance increases energy efficiency and improves transient response of the circuit. The magnetic core can comprise top and bottom portions that are magnetically connected. The inductors can comprise straight circuit board traces and the circuit board can have holes to accommodate the magnetic core.

摘要翻译： 多相降压转换器或升压转换器或降压 - 升压转换器在每相中都有一个电感。 具有独特编织拓扑的磁芯提供了电感器之间的反耦合。 电感器可以包括直导体，因为磁芯具有缠绕在每个电感器周围的编织拓扑。 电感器具有降低的电阻，因为它们是直的并且不环绕磁芯。 降低的电阻提高了能量效率并改善了电路的瞬态响应。 磁芯可以包括磁性连接的顶部和底部。 电感器可以包括直线电路板迹线，并且电路板可以具有孔以容纳磁芯。

公开(公告)号：US07071660B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-04

申请号：US11018920

申请日：2004-12-22

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jia Wei

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jia Wei

IPC分类号： H02M3/158

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M2001/0019 ,  H02M2001/0032 ,  H02M2001/007 ,  Y02B70/16

摘要： A two-stage power converter that dynamically adjusts to output current requirements includes a first stage regulator that provides power to a second stage regulator. The first stage can be a buck converter, and the second stage can be a multiple-phase buck converter. The output voltage of the first stage (intermediate bus voltage Vbus) is varied according to the load current to optimize conversion efficiency. To provide maximum efficiency, the Vbus voltage is increased as load current increases. The Vbus voltage provided by the first stage can be varied by duty cycle or operating frequency control. In another embodiment, the switching frequency of the second stage is varied as output current changes so that output current ripple is held constant. In an embodiment employing a multiple-phase buck converter in the second stage, the number of operating phases are varied as output current changes.

摘要翻译： 动态调节输出电流要求的两级功率转换器包括为第二级调节器提供电源的第一级稳压器。 第一级可以是降压转换器，第二级可以是多相降压转换器。 第一级（中间总线电压Vbus）的输出电压根据负载电流而变化，以优化转换效率。 为了提供最大的效率，Vbus电压随着负载电流的增加而增加。 第一级提供的Vbus电压可以通过占空比或工作频率控制来改变。 在另一个实施例中，当输出电流改变时，第二级的开关频率变化，使得输出电流纹波保持恒定。 在第二级采用多相降压转换器的实施例中，随着输出电流的变化，工作阶段的数量变化。

公开(公告)号：US06944033B1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US10457907

申请日：2003-06-10

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584

摘要： A converter has a transformer with primary and secondary windings each having n coils in a series-series arrangement connected to primary and secondary sides. The primary side has n primary legs each having a top switch and a bottom switch and connected to the primary winding therebetween. The secondary side has n secondary legs, each secondary leg has a synchronous rectifier switch and an output filter inductor connected to the secondary winding therebetween. A complimentary control for the primary side comprising a gate driver transformer with primary winding in series with a DC blocking capacitor connected to a drain and a source of the top switch of each primary leg, and a gate drive transformer, for each primary leg, with secondary winding containing a leakage inductor and in series with a DC blocking capacitor and a damping resistor connected to gate and source of the secondary side synchronous rectifier.

摘要翻译： A转换器具有初级和次级绕组的变压器，每个绕组具有连接到初级和次级侧的串联布置的n个线圈。 初级侧具有n个主脚，每个主腿具有顶部开关和底部开关，并连接到它们之间的初级绕组。 次级侧具有n个辅助支路，每个辅助支路具有同步整流开关和连接到它们之间的次级绕组的输出滤波电感器。 对于初级侧的补偿控制包括具有初级绕组的栅极驱动器变压器，其与连接到每个主支脚的顶部开关的漏极和源极的隔直流电容器串联，以及用于每个主支路的栅极驱动变压器，具有 次级绕组包含一个漏电感器，并与一个隔直流电容器和一个连接到次级侧同步整流器的栅极和源极的阻尼电阻串联。

公开(公告)号：US07605572B2

公开(公告)日：2009-10-20

申请号：US11094433

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

IPC分类号： G05F1/00 ,  G05F1/569

CPC分类号： H02M3/1588 ,  H02M2001/0009 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A voltage converter provides a desired voltage droop with load while avoiding output current sensing and active control/feedback circuits and avoiding excessive power dissipation from passive components by placing a sensing resistor in the low current, switched input circuit of the voltage converter. Therefore, the resistor conducts only when a switch controlling voltage conversion is conductive, generally at very low duty cycle and low current.

摘要翻译： 电压转换器提供所需的负载电压下降，同时避免输出电流检测和主动控制/反馈电路，并通过将感测电阻放置在电压转换器的低电流切换输入电路中，避免过多的功率耗散。 因此，只有当开关控制电压转换导通时，电阻器才会导通，通常在非常低的占空比和低电流下。

公开(公告)号：US07265525B2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-04

申请号：US11094438

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Julu Sun ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred C. Lee

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Julu Sun ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred C. Lee

IPC分类号： G05F1/59

CPC分类号： H02M3/1582 ,  H02M3/338

摘要： A voltage converter uses a component such as a JFET or four-terminal power MOSFET having no body diode and exhibiting no body diode conduction characteristic as a synchronous rectifier to reduce switching losses and body diode conduction losses and to support high frequency switching so that use of smaller components and higher current densities can be achieved. These effects are enhanced by a self-driven circuit utilizing positive feedback to enhance switching speed and reduce switching losses which increase with switching frequency.

摘要翻译： 电压转换器使用诸如JFET或不具有体二极管导通特性的JFET或四端子功率MOSFET的组件作为同步整流器来减少开关损耗和体二极管导通损耗并支持高频开关，从而使用 可以实现更小的组件和更高的电流密度。 这些效应通过利用正反馈的自驱动电路增强，以提高开关速度并减少开关频率增加的开关损耗。

公开(公告)号：US06859372B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-22

申请号：US10454779

申请日：2003-06-05

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/33569

摘要： A non-isolated bridge-buck DC—DC converter has self-driven synchronous rectifiers Q5 Q6 in the buck circuits 28 30. Gate electrodes of the synchronous rectifiers Q5 Q6 are connected to midpoints 24A 24B of the bridge circuit. The voltage at the midpoints provides the necessary voltage waveform for switching the synchronous rectifiers Q5 Q6. In another aspect of the invention, voltage shift circuits 34 are provided between the midpoints and the gates of the synchronous rectifiers. The voltage shift circuits are necessary in some embodiments to make sure that the synchronous rectifiers are turned completely OFF when necessary. The present invention provides a more power efficient and less expensive technique for controlling the synchronous rectifiers compared to conventional external driver circuitry.

摘要翻译： 非隔离桥式降压DC-DC转换器在降压电路28,30中具有自驱动同步整流器Q5Q6。同步整流器Q5 Q6的栅电极连接到桥式电路的中点24A 24B。 中点处的电压为切换同步整流器Q5 Q6提供了必要的电压波形。 在本发明的另一方面，电压移位电路34设置在同步整流器的中点和栅极之间。 在一些实施例中，电压移位电路是必要的，以确保在必要时同步整流器完全关断。 与传统的外部驱动器电路相比，本发明提供了一种用于控制同步整流器的更节能和更便宜的技术。

公开(公告)号：US20070090915A1

公开(公告)日：2007-04-26

申请号：US11257404

申请日：2005-10-25

申请人： Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred Lee ,  Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong

发明人： Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred Lee ,  Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong

IPC分类号： H01F27/24

CPC分类号： H01F37/00 ,  H01F29/02 ,  H02M3/1584

摘要： A multiple phase buck converter or boost converter, or buck-boost converter has an inductor in each phase. A magnetic core with a unique woven topology provides inverse coupling between the inductors. The inductors can comprise straight conductors since the magnetic core has the woven topology wrapped around each inductor. The inductors have a reduced electrical resistance since they are straight and do not loop around the magnetic core. The reduced electrical resistance increases energy efficiency and improves transient response of the circuit. The magnetic core can comprise top and bottom portions that are magnetically connected. The inductors can comprise straight circuit board traces and the circuit board can have holes to accommodate the magnetic core.

摘要翻译： 多相降压转换器或升压转换器或降压 - 升压转换器在每相中都有一个电感。 具有独特编织拓扑的磁芯提供了电感器之间的反耦合。 电感器可以包括直导体，因为磁芯具有缠绕在每个电感器周围的编织拓扑。 电感器具有降低的电阻，因为它们是直的并且不环绕磁芯。 降低的电阻提高了能量效率并改善了电路的瞬态响应。 磁芯可以包括磁性连接的顶部和底部。 电感器可以包括直线电路板迹线，并且电路板可以具有孔以容纳磁芯。

公开(公告)号：US07821375B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-26

申请号：US11668229

申请日：2007-01-29

申请人： Yan Dong ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee

发明人： Yan Dong ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee

IPC分类号： H01F27/28 ,  H01F5/00

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F27/255 ,  H01F37/00

摘要： A multiple phase buck converter or boost converter, or buck-boost converter has an inductor in each phase. The inductors are inversely coupled. In a first embodiment, the converter includes a toroidal magnetic core with inductors extending under and over opposite sides of the toroidal magnetic core. The coupled inductors are thereby inversely coupled and have a relatively low ohmic resistance. In a second embodiment, the converter comprises a ladder-shaped magnetic core (i.e. having parallel sides, and connecting rungs). In this case, the inductors extend under the sides, and over the rungs. Each inductor is disposed over a separate rung. The ladder-shaped magnetic core is preferably disposed flat on a circuit board. Inverse coupling and low ohmic resistance are also provided in the second embodiment having the ladder structure.

公开(公告)号：US07233132B1

公开(公告)日：2007-06-19

申请号：US11341874

申请日：2006-01-30

申请人： Yan Dong ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee

发明人： Yan Dong ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee

IPC分类号： G05F1/575 ,  G05F1/618

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584 ,  H02M2001/0009

摘要： Voltage regulators often have coupled output inductors because coupled output inductors provide improvements in cost and efficiency. Coupled inductors are often used in multi-phase voltage regulators. Feedback control of voltage regulators often requires accurate and responsive sensing of output current. Provided is a technique for accurately sensing the magnitude of output current in coupled inductors. An RC circuit (comprising a resistor and capacitor in series) is connected in parallel with the coupled inductor. The inductor has a leakage inductance Lk and a DC (ohmic) resistance of DCR. The resistor and capacitor are selected such that an RC time constant is equal to an L/R time constant of Lk/DCR. With the matching time constants, a sum of voltages on the capacitors is accurately proportional to a sum of currents flowing in the output inductors. Also provided is a technique for sensing current when an uncoupled center tap inductor is present.

摘要翻译： 电压调节器通常具有耦合输出电感器，因为耦合的输出电感器提供了成本和效率的改进。 耦合电感通常用于多相电压调节器。 电压调节器的反馈控制通常需要精确和响应的输出电流感测。 提供了一种用于精确地感测耦合电感器中的输出电流的大小的技术。 RC电路（包括串联的电阻器和电容器）与耦合的电感器并联连接。 电感器具有DCR的漏电感Lk和DC（欧姆）电阻。 选择电阻器和电容器使得RC时间常数等于Lk / DCR的L / R时间常数。 使用匹配的时间常数，电容器上的电压之和与输出电感器中流过的电流之和正好成正比。 还提供了当存在非耦合中心抽头电感器时感测电流的技术。

公开(公告)号：US07649434B2

公开(公告)日：2010-01-19

申请号：US11343204

申请日：2006-01-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong ,  Fred C. Lee

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Yan Dong ,  Fred C. Lee

IPC分类号： H01F27/28

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584 ,  H01F17/0006 ,  H01F27/255 ,  H01F37/00

摘要： A multiple phase buck converter or boost converter, or buck-boost converter has an inductor in each phase. The inductors are inversely coupled. In a first embodiment, the converter includes a toroidal magnetic core with inductors extending under and over opposite sides of the toroidal magnetic core. The coupled inductors are thereby inversely coupled and have a relatively low ohmic resistance. In a second embodiment, the converter comprises a ladder-shaped magnetic core (i.e. having parallel sides, and connecting rungs). In this case, the inductors extend under the sides, and over the rungs. Each inductor is disposed over a separate rung. The ladder-shaped magnetic core is preferably disposed flat on a circuit board. Inverse coupling and low ohmic resistance are also provided in the second embodiment having the ladder structure.

摘要翻译： 多相降压转换器或升压转换器或降压 - 升压转换器在每相中都有一个电感。 电感器反耦合。 在第一实施例中，转换器包括环形磁芯，其具有在环形磁芯的相对侧下方延伸的电感器。 因此，耦合的电感器反向耦合并且具有相对低的欧姆电阻。 在第二实施例中，转换器包括梯形磁芯（即具有平行的侧面和连接的梯级）。 在这种情况下，电感器在侧面和梯级之上延伸。 每个电感器设置在单独的梯级上。 梯形磁芯优选地布置在电路板上。 在具有梯形结构的第二实施例中也提供反耦合和低欧姆电阻。