公开(公告)号：US07071660B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-04

申请号：US11018920

申请日：2004-12-22

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jia Wei

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jia Wei

IPC分类号： H02M3/158

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M2001/0019 ,  H02M2001/0032 ,  H02M2001/007 ,  Y02B70/16

摘要： A two-stage power converter that dynamically adjusts to output current requirements includes a first stage regulator that provides power to a second stage regulator. The first stage can be a buck converter, and the second stage can be a multiple-phase buck converter. The output voltage of the first stage (intermediate bus voltage Vbus) is varied according to the load current to optimize conversion efficiency. To provide maximum efficiency, the Vbus voltage is increased as load current increases. The Vbus voltage provided by the first stage can be varied by duty cycle or operating frequency control. In another embodiment, the switching frequency of the second stage is varied as output current changes so that output current ripple is held constant. In an embodiment employing a multiple-phase buck converter in the second stage, the number of operating phases are varied as output current changes.

摘要翻译： 动态调节输出电流要求的两级功率转换器包括为第二级调节器提供电源的第一级稳压器。 第一级可以是降压转换器，第二级可以是多相降压转换器。 第一级（中间总线电压Vbus）的输出电压根据负载电流而变化，以优化转换效率。 为了提供最大的效率，Vbus电压随着负载电流的增加而增加。 第一级提供的Vbus电压可以通过占空比或工作频率控制来改变。 在另一个实施例中，当输出电流改变时，第二级的开关频率变化，使得输出电流纹波保持恒定。 在第二级采用多相降压转换器的实施例中，随着输出电流的变化，工作阶段的数量变化。

公开(公告)号：US20050184713A1

公开(公告)日：2005-08-25

申请号：US11018920

申请日：2004-12-22

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Jia Wei

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred Lee ,  Jia Wei

IPC分类号： G05F1/40 ,  H02M3/156

CPC分类号： H02M3/156 ,  H02M2001/0019 ,  H02M2001/0032 ,  H02M2001/007 ,  Y02B70/16

摘要： A two-stage power converter that dynamically adjusts to output current requirements includes a first stage regulator that provides power to a second stage regulator. The first stage can be a buck converter, and the second stage can be a multiple-phase buck converter. The output voltage of the first stage (intermediate bus voltage Vbus) is varied according to the load current to optimize conversion efficiency. To provide maximum efficiency, the Vbus voltage is increased as load current increases. The Vbus voltage provided by the first stage can be varied by duty cycle or operating frequency control. In another embodiment, the switching frequency of the second stage is varied as output current changes so that output current ripple is held constant. In an embodiment employing a multiple-phase buck converter in the second stage, the number of operating phases are varied as output current changes.

摘要翻译： 动态调节输出电流要求的两级功率转换器包括为第二级调节器提供电源的第一级稳压器。 第一级可以是降压转换器，第二级可以是多相降压转换器。 第一级（中间总线电压Vbus）的输出电压根据负载电流而变化，以优化转换效率。 为了提供最大的效率，Vbus电压随着负载电流的增加而增加。 第一级提供的Vbus电压可以通过占空比或工作频率控制来改变。 在另一个实施例中，当输出电流改变时，第二级的开关频率变化，使得输出电流纹波保持恒定。 在采用第二级中的多相降压转换器的实施例中，随着输出电流的变化，工作阶段的数量变化。

公开(公告)号：US07016203B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-21

申请号：US10852683

申请日：2004-05-25

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Yuancheng Ren

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Yuancheng Ren

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/33592 ,  Y02B70/1475

摘要： A power converter having a primary circuit (e.g. full bridge) and a secondary circuit (e.g. current doubler) has switches in the secondary circuit that are controlled by a drive circuit. The drive circuit is connected to a swing node in the primary circuit, and is powered by the primary circuit. The drive circuit has an isolation device such as a transformer to provide electrical isolation between the primary circuit and secondary circuit. The drive circuit provides a current source for driving the secondary switch gates, thereby reducing power consumption. The present drive circuit provides clean gate drive signals without noise and oscillations. The drive circuits of the invention are simple, and require only a few components.

摘要翻译： 具有主电路（例如全桥）和次级电路（例如倍频器）的功率转换器具有由驱动电路控制的次级电路中的开关。 驱动电路连接到主电路中的摆动节点，并由主电路供电。 驱动电路具有诸如变压器的隔离装置，以在主电路和次级电路之间提供电隔离。 驱动电路提供用于驱动次级开关门的电流源，从而降低功耗。 本驱动电路提供清洁的栅极驱动信号，无噪声和振荡。 本发明的驱动电路简单，仅需少量组件。

公开(公告)号：US06944033B1

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US10457907

申请日：2003-06-10

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/1584

摘要： A converter has a transformer with primary and secondary windings each having n coils in a series-series arrangement connected to primary and secondary sides. The primary side has n primary legs each having a top switch and a bottom switch and connected to the primary winding therebetween. The secondary side has n secondary legs, each secondary leg has a synchronous rectifier switch and an output filter inductor connected to the secondary winding therebetween. A complimentary control for the primary side comprising a gate driver transformer with primary winding in series with a DC blocking capacitor connected to a drain and a source of the top switch of each primary leg, and a gate drive transformer, for each primary leg, with secondary winding containing a leakage inductor and in series with a DC blocking capacitor and a damping resistor connected to gate and source of the secondary side synchronous rectifier.

摘要翻译： A转换器具有初级和次级绕组的变压器，每个绕组具有连接到初级和次级侧的串联布置的n个线圈。 初级侧具有n个主脚，每个主腿具有顶部开关和底部开关，并连接到它们之间的初级绕组。 次级侧具有n个辅助支路，每个辅助支路具有同步整流开关和连接到它们之间的次级绕组的输出滤波电感器。 对于初级侧的补偿控制包括具有初级绕组的栅极驱动器变压器，其与连接到每个主支脚的顶部开关的漏极和源极的隔直流电容器串联，以及用于每个主支路的栅极驱动变压器，具有 次级绕组包含一个漏电感器，并与一个隔直流电容器和一个连接到次级侧同步整流器的栅极和源极的阻尼电阻串联。

公开(公告)号：US07254047B2

公开(公告)日：2007-08-07

申请号：US11094434

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Julu Sun ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee

发明人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Julu Sun ,  Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/33592 ,  H02M3/3376 ,  H02M2001/0058 ,  Y02B70/1433 ,  Y02B70/1475 ,  Y02B70/1491

摘要： Power converters having reduced body diode conduction loss, reduced reverse recovery loss and lower switching noise, among other benefits, have a resonant capacitor Cr connected across an unfiltered output. The resonant capacitor Cr resonates with the leakage inductance Lk of the transformer. The resonant capacitor and leakage inductance are selected such that ½ a LC resonance period is equal to an ON time of each secondary switch S1 S2. The resonance provides zero current switching for secondary switches S1 S2, eliminates zero body diode conduction during dead times, and eliminates reverse recovery losses in the secondary switches. The present invention is applicable to many different circuit topologies such as full bridge, active clamp forward, push-pull forward, and center-tap secondary. The present converters provide high energy conversion efficiency and high frequency operation.

摘要翻译： 具有降低的体二极管导通损耗，降低的反向恢复损耗和较低开关噪声以及其他优点的功率转换器具有连接在未滤波输出端的谐振电容器Cr。 谐振电容器Cr与变压器的漏电感Lk共振。 谐振电容器和漏电感被选择为使得LC共振周期的1/2相当于每个次级开关S 1 S 2的导通时间。 谐振为次级开关S 1 S 2提供零电流开关，在死区时间消除零体二极管导通，并消除次级开关中的反向恢复损耗。 本发明可应用于许多不同的电路拓扑，例如全桥，有源钳前进，推挽前进和中心抽头次级。 本转换器提供高能量转换效率和高频操作。

公开(公告)号：US07583065B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-01

申请号：US12401815

申请日：2009-03-11

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Andrew P. Schmit

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Andrew P. Schmit

IPC分类号： G05F1/614 ,  G05F1/563

CPC分类号： H02M3/158 ,  H02M2001/0045

摘要： An active linear regulator circuit in parallel with a filter capacitor of a switching voltage regulator injects current to a load only when the switching regulator and capacitor cannot supply adequate current to follow high frequency load transients in a manner which is compatible with adaptive voltage positioning (AVP) requirements. control of current injection and determination of the insufficiency of current from the switching regulator and capacitors is achieved by impedance matching of the linear regulator to the switching regulator. The linear regulator thus operates at relatively low current and duty cycle to limit power dissipation therein. By matching impedances and increasing the bandwidth of the switching regulator, filter capacitor requirements can be reduced to the point of being met entirely by packaging and/or on-die capacitors which may be placed close to or at the point of load to reduce parasitic inductance, as can the linear regulator.

公开(公告)号：US07196914B2

公开(公告)日：2007-03-27

申请号：US10992227

申请日：2004-11-19

申请人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Ming Xu

发明人： Yuancheng Ren ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Ming Xu

IPC分类号： H02M3/335

CPC分类号： H02M3/33592 ,  H02M3/33569 ,  Y02B70/1433 ,  Y02B70/1475

摘要： Power converters having reduced body diode conduction loss, reduced reverse recovery loss and lower switching noise, among other benefits, have a resonant capacitor Cr connected across an unfiltered output. The resonant capacitor Cr resonates with the leakage inductance Lk of the transformer. The resonant capacitor and leakage inductance are selected such that ½ a LC resonance period is equal to an ON time of each secondary switch S1 S2. The resonance provides zero current switching for secondary switches S1 S2, eliminates zero body diode conduction during dead times, and eliminates reverse recovery losses in the secondary switches. The present invention is applicable to many different circuit topologies such as full bridge, active clamp forward, push-pull forward, and center-tap secondary. The present converters provide high energy conversion efficiency and high frequency operation.

摘要翻译： 具有降低的体二极管导通损耗，降低的反向恢复损耗和较低开关噪声以及其他益处的功率转换器具有连接在未滤波输出端的谐振电容器Cr。 谐振电容器Cr与变压器的漏电感Lk共振。 谐振电容器和漏电感被选择为使得LC共振周期的1/2相当于每个次级开关S 1 S 2的导通时间。 谐振为次级开关S 1 S 2提供零电流开关，在死区时间消除零体二极管导通，并消除次级开关中的反向恢复损耗。 本发明可应用于许多不同的电路拓扑，例如全桥，有源钳前进，推挽前进和中心抽头次级。 本转换器提供高能量转换效率和高频操作。

公开(公告)号：US06819574B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：US10350330

申请日：2003-01-24

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Yuancheng Ren

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Yuancheng Ren

IPC分类号： H02M3335

CPC分类号： H02M3/33592 ,  Y02B70/1475

摘要： A power converter having a primary circuit (e.g. full bridge) and a secondary circuit (e.g. current doubler) has switches in the secondary circuit that are controlled by a drive circuit. The drive circuit is connected to a swing node in the primary circuit, and is powered by the swing node. The drive circuit has an isolation device such as a transformer to provide electrical isolation between the primary circuit and secondary circuit. The drive circuit provides a current source for driving the secondary switch gates, thereby reducing power consumption. The present drive circuit provides clean gate drive signals without noise and oscillations. The drive circuits of the invention are simple, and require only a few components.

公开(公告)号：US07605572B2

公开(公告)日：2009-10-20

申请号：US11094433

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Fred C. Lee ,  Jinghai Zhou

IPC分类号： G05F1/00 ,  G05F1/569

CPC分类号： H02M3/1588 ,  H02M2001/0009 ,  Y02B70/1466

摘要： A voltage converter provides a desired voltage droop with load while avoiding output current sensing and active control/feedback circuits and avoiding excessive power dissipation from passive components by placing a sensing resistor in the low current, switched input circuit of the voltage converter. Therefore, the resistor conducts only when a switch controlling voltage conversion is conductive, generally at very low duty cycle and low current.

摘要翻译： 电压转换器提供所需的负载电压下降，同时避免输出电流检测和主动控制/反馈电路，并通过将感测电阻放置在电压转换器的低电流切换输入电路中，避免过多的功率耗散。 因此，只有当开关控制电压转换导通时，电阻器才会导通，通常在非常低的占空比和低电流下。

公开(公告)号：US07265525B2

公开(公告)日：2007-09-04

申请号：US11094438

申请日：2005-03-31

申请人： Ming Xu ,  Julu Sun ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred C. Lee

发明人： Ming Xu ,  Julu Sun ,  Jinghai Zhou ,  Fred C. Lee

IPC分类号： G05F1/59

CPC分类号： H02M3/1582 ,  H02M3/338

摘要： A voltage converter uses a component such as a JFET or four-terminal power MOSFET having no body diode and exhibiting no body diode conduction characteristic as a synchronous rectifier to reduce switching losses and body diode conduction losses and to support high frequency switching so that use of smaller components and higher current densities can be achieved. These effects are enhanced by a self-driven circuit utilizing positive feedback to enhance switching speed and reduce switching losses which increase with switching frequency.

摘要翻译： 电压转换器使用诸如JFET或不具有体二极管导通特性的JFET或四端子功率MOSFET的组件作为同步整流器来减少开关损耗和体二极管导通损耗并支持高频开关，从而使用 可以实现更小的组件和更高的电流密度。 这些效应通过利用正反馈的自驱动电路增强，以提高开关速度并减少开关频率增加的开关损耗。