公开(公告)号：US06692880B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-17

申请号：US10139782

申请日：2002-05-06

申请人： Robert D. Fields ,  Dinesh Tyagi ,  John C. Wilson ,  Peter Alexandrovich ,  Robert Guistina

发明人： Robert D. Fields ,  Dinesh Tyagi ,  John C. Wilson ,  Peter Alexandrovich ,  Robert Guistina

IPC分类号： G03G9097

CPC分类号： G03G9/08782 ,  G03G9/08755 ,  G03G9/097 ,  G03G9/09708 ,  G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/0975 ,  G03G9/09783

摘要： Toner formulations and developers containing the toner formulations are described. The toner contains at least one toner resin, at least one first charge control agent capable of providing a consistent level of charge, at least one second charge control agent capable of providing a sustained level of charge, at least one surface treatment agent, and at least one release agent and optionally at least one colorant. The toners of the present invention preferably provide a consistent level of charge of from about −10 to about −30 micro C/gm and also provide this level of charge for a sustained period of time, such as from about 2 to about 10 minutes. The toners of the present invention also provides excellent ruboff values for an image printed from the toners of the present invention. Methods of improving ruboff are described as well as methods to develop an image using the toner of the present invention.

摘要翻译： 描述了含有调色剂配方的调色剂配方和显影剂。 该调色剂含有至少一种调色剂树脂，能够提供一致水平的电荷的至少一种第一电荷控制剂，能够提供持续电荷水平的至少一种第二电荷控制剂，至少一种表面处理剂， 至少一种脱模剂和任选的至少一种着色剂。 本发明的调色剂优选提供约-10至约-30微克/克的一致的电荷水平，并且还提供持续时间（例如约2至约10分钟）的这种电荷水平。 本发明的调色剂还为从本发明的调色剂印刷的图像提供了极好的擦除值。 描述了改进方法，以及使用本发明的调色剂显影图像的方法。

公开(公告)号：US06528223B1

公开(公告)日：2003-03-04

申请号：US09989800

申请日：2001-11-20

申请人： John C Wilson ,  Matthew C Ezenyilimba ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C Wilson ,  Matthew C Ezenyilimba ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G909

CPC分类号： G03G9/0906

摘要： A composition for electrostatographic toner particles includes an organic binder polymer and a dye having the structure wherein Z represents a thiazole moiety II

摘要翻译： 用于静电调色剂颗粒的组合物包括有机粘合剂聚合物和具有其中Z表示噻唑部分II的结构的染料

公开(公告)号：US5604069A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-18

申请号：US350772

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/097 ,  G03G9/08

CPC分类号： G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/09783

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising ammonium trihalozincate salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen; an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; a substituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; or wherein any two or more of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, or R.sup.3 can be interconnected to one another to form a 5 to 14 membered saturated or unsaturated ring system, andX, which can be the same or different, is selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电彩色调色剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的三卤代酸铵盐：其中R，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同并且独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的未取代的烷基; 被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基，烷氧基，酰氧基，硝基，氰基，酮基或卤代基取代的碳原子数1〜24的取代烷基。 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 具有6至14个碳原子的未取代的芳基; 被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基取代的具有6至14个碳原子的取代的芳基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子的芳烷基和在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基团; 或其中R，R 1，R 2或R 3中的任何两个或更多个可以彼此互连以形成5至14元饱和或不饱和的环系，并且可以相同或不同的X选自氟， 氯，溴或碘。

公开(公告)号：US5508140A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-16

申请号：US361068

申请日：1994-12-21

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/097 ,  G03G9/00

CPC分类号： G03G9/0975 ,  G03G9/09741

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising quaternary phosphonium salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are tertiary-alkyl containing from 4 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is selected from an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; phenyl or substituted phenyl; andR.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which can be the same or different, are independently selected from hydrogen; an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; hydroxy-; carboxy-; alkoxy-; carboalkoxy-; acyloxy-; amino-; nitro-; cyano-; keto-; or halo-groups.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电调色剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的季鏻盐：其中R 1和R 2为含有4至8个碳原子的叔烷基; R3选自未取代的具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 具有1至24个碳原子的取代的烷基被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷酰氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基取代; 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子的芳烷基和在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基团; 苯基或取代的苯基; 和可以相同或不同的R 4，R 5和R 6独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 羟基 - 羧基 烷氧基 碳烷氧基 酰氧基 - 氨基 - 硝基 氰基 酮基 或卤代基团。

公开(公告)号：US5582946A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-10

申请号：US350592

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/097

CPC分类号： G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/0975 ,  G03G9/09783

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising bis(ammonium) tetrahalomanganate salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen; an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto-, or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; a substituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto-, or halo-groups; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; or wherein any two or more of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, or R.sup.3 can be interconnected to one another to form a 5 to 14 membered saturated or unsaturated ring system, andX, which can be the same or different, is selected from fluorine, chlorine, Bromine or iodine.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电色调剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的双（铵）四卤代高锰酸盐：其中R，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同并且独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的未取代的烷基; 具有1至24个碳原子的取代的烷基被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基，烷氧基，酰氧基，硝基，氰基，酮基或卤代基取代; 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 具有6至14个碳原子的未取代的芳基; 被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基取代的具有6至14个碳原子的取代芳基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子的芳烷基和在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基团; 或其中R，R 1，R 2或R 3中的任何两个或更多个可以彼此互连以形成5至14元饱和或不饱和的环系，并且可以相同或不同的X选自氟， 氯，溴或碘。

公开(公告)号：US5512407A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-30

申请号：US350790

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/097

CPC分类号： G03G9/09766 ,  G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/0975 ,  G03G9/09783

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising bis(quaternary phosphonium) tetrahalomanganate salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which can be the same or different, are independently selected from hydrogen; an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; hydroxy-; carboxy-; alkoxy-; carboalkoxy-; acyloxy-; amino-; nitro-; cyano-; keto-; or halo-groups; andX, which can be the same or different, is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电彩色调色剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的双（季鏻）四卤代高锰酸盐：其中R选自未取代的具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 具有1至24个碳原子的取代的烷基被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷酰氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基取代; 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子的芳烷基和在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基团; 苯基或取代的苯基; R 1，R 2和R 3可以相同或不同，独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 羟基 - 羧基 烷氧基 碳烷氧基 酰氧基 - 氨基 - 硝基 氰基 酮基 或卤代基团; 和X可以相同或不同，独立地选自氟，氯，溴或碘。

公开(公告)号：US5491044A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-13

申请号：US361347

申请日：1994-12-21

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/097

CPC分类号： G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/0975

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising 3,5-di-tertiary-alkyl-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate salts having the structure: ##STR1## The substituents are defined in the specification.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电色调调色剂和显影剂，其含有具有以下结构的3,5-二叔烷基-4-羟基苯磺酸盐的电荷控制剂：取代基在说明书中定义。

公开(公告)号：US5464719A

公开(公告)日：1995-11-07

申请号：US350598

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/083 ,  G03G9/097

CPC分类号： G03G9/09783 ,  G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/0975 ,  G03G9/09758

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising ammonium tetrahaloferrate salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are the same or different and are independently selected from hydrogen; an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an unsubstituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms; a substituted aryl group having from 6 to 14 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; or wherein any two or more of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, or R.sup.3 can be interconnected to one another to form a 5 to 14 membered saturated or unsaturated ring system, andX, which can be the same or different, is selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电调色剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的四卤代钒酸盐：其中R，R 1，R 2和R 3相同或不同并且独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的未取代的烷基; 被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基，烷氧基，酰氧基，硝基，氰基，酮基或卤代基取代的碳原子数1〜24的取代烷基。 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 具有6至14个碳原子的未取代的芳基; 被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基取代的具有6至14个碳原子的取代的芳基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子的芳烷基和在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基团; 或其中R，R 1，R 2或R 3中的任何两个或更多个可以彼此互连以形成5至14元饱和或不饱和的环系，并且可以相同或不同的X选自氟， 氯，溴或碘。

公开(公告)号：US5459006A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-17

申请号：US350564

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： A62D101/24 ,  G03G9/097

CPC分类号： G03G9/09741 ,  A62D2101/24

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising quaternary phosphonium tetrahaloferrate salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group may be unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which can be the same or different, are independently selected from hydrogen; an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; hydroxy-; carboxy-; alkoxy-; carboalkoxy-; acyloxy-; amino-; nitro-; cyano-; keto-; or halo-groups; andX, which can be the same or different, is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电调色剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的四卤代钒酸盐：其中R选自未取代的具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 具有1至24个碳原子的取代的烷基被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷酰氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基取代; 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子的芳烷基和在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基可以是未被取代的或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基团; 苯基或取代的苯基; R 1，R 2和R 3可以相同或不同，独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 羟基 - 羧基 烷氧基 碳烷氧基 酰氧基 - 氨基 - 硝基 氰基 酮基 或卤代基团; 和X可以相同或不同，独立地选自氟，氯，溴或碘。

公开(公告)号：US5561020A

公开(公告)日：1996-10-01

申请号：US350775

申请日：1994-12-07

申请人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

发明人： John C. Wilson ,  Dinesh Tyagi

IPC分类号： G03G9/097

CPC分类号： G03G9/09775 ,  G03G9/09741 ,  G03G9/0975 ,  G03G9/09783

摘要： New electrostatographic toners and developers are provided containing charge-control agents comprising quaternary phosphonium trihalozincate salts having the structure: ##STR1## wherein R is selected from an unsubstituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; a substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms substituted with one or more hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; a cycloalkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms; an alkaryl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group; an aralkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl group and 6 to 14 carbon atoms in the aryl group wherein the aryl group is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more alkyl-, hydroxy-, carboxy-, alkoxy-, carboalkoxy-, acyloxy-, amino-, nitro-, cyano-, keto- or halo-groups; phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which can be the same or different, are independently selected from hydrogen; an alkyl group having from 1 to 24 carbon atoms; hydroxy-; carboxy-; alkoxy-; carboalkoxy-; acyloxy-; amino-; nitro-; cyano-; keto-; or halo-groups; andX, which can be the same or different, is independently selected from fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

摘要翻译： 提供了新的静电调色剂和显影剂，其含有电荷控制剂，其包含具有以下结构的季铵鏻三卤代酸盐：其中R选自未取代的具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 被一个或多个羟基，羧基，烷氧基，烷氧基，酰氧基，硝基，氰基，酮基或卤代基取代的碳原子数1〜24的取代烷基。 具有3至7个碳原子的环烷基; 烷基中具有1至20个碳原子并且芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的烷芳基; 在烷基中具有1至4个碳原子且在芳基中具有6至14个碳原子的芳烷基，其中芳基未被取代或被一个或多个烷基，羟基，羧基，烷氧基 - ，烷氧基 - ，酰氧基 - ，氨基 - ，硝基 - ，氰基 - ，酮基或卤代基; 苯基或取代的苯基; R 1，R 2和R 3可以相同或不同，独立地选自氢; 具有1至24个碳原子的烷基; 羟基 - 羧基 烷氧基 碳烷氧基 酰氧基 - 氨基 - 硝基 氰基 酮基 或卤代基团; 和X可以相同或不同，独立地选自氟，氯，溴或碘。