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公开(公告)号：US5848172A
公开(公告)日：1998-12-08
申请号：US755506
申请日：1996-11-22
CPC分类号： H04R1/406 , H04R2201/403
摘要： A monolithic second order gradient (SOG) microphone structure employs acoustic transmission lines wherein the acoustic phase delay along each of the acoustic transmission lines is in direct proportion to the length of each of the acoustic transmission lines and, where this is effected by the use of an acoustic impedance element placed within each acoustic transmission line that has an acoustic impedance related to the acoustic impedance of the associated acoustic transmission line. In one embodiment, the acoustic impedance element has a specific acoustic impedance substantially matched to the specific acoustic characteristic resistance of the acoustic transmission line. Various embodiments may utilize acoustic or electrical subtraction of the signals in the acoustic transmission lines to realize the desired directional sound pickup.
摘要翻译： 单片二阶梯度（SOG）麦克风结构采用声传输线，其中沿着每个声传输线的声相延迟与每个声传输线的长度成正比，并且在这通过使用 放置在每个声传输线内的声阻抗元件具有与相关声传输线的声阻抗相关的声阻抗。 在一个实施例中，声阻抗元件具有与声传输线的特定声学特性电阻基本匹配的特定声阻抗。 各种实施例可以利用声传输线中的信号的声或电相减来实现期望的定向声音拾取。
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2.发明授权Technique for determining a compression ratio for use in processing audio signals within a telecommunications system 失效用于确定用于处理电信系统内的音频信号的压缩比的技术
公开(公告)号：US5737389A
公开(公告)日：1998-04-07
申请号：US573743
申请日：1995-12-18
摘要： A "loudness balance" procedure is used to determine the amount of dynamic range for syllabic compression loss in an individual's cochlea. In particular, an individual is asked to adjust a set of tone volumes, which are played to them, until the tone volumes sound equally loud. Based on the adjustments performed by the individual, a compression ratio is determined for that individual over at least one frequency band. The determined compression ratio is then subsequently used by a telecommunications system to provide an individual-specific sound enhancement in a telephone call. As a result, the individual-specific sound enhancement particularly compensates for an amount of hearing loss unique to that individual.
摘要翻译： 使用“响度平衡”程序确定个人耳蜗音节压缩损失的动态范围。 特别地，要求个人调整一组音量，这些音量将被播放给他们，直到音量听起来同样响亮。 基于由个体执行的调整，针对该个体在至少一个频带上确定压缩比。 所确定的压缩比随后由电信系统用于在电话呼叫中提供个人特定的声音增强。 因此，个体特定的声音增强特别补偿了该个人特有的听力损失。
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公开(公告)号：US5682463A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-28
申请号：US384049
申请日：1995-02-06
CPC分类号： H04B1/665
摘要： A new technique for the determination of the masking effect of an audio signal is employed to provide transparent compression of an audio signal at greatly reduced bit rates. The new technique employs the results of recent research into the psycho-physics of noise masking in the human auditory system. This research suggests that noise masking is a function of the uncertainty in loudness as perceived by the brain. Measures of loudness uncertainty are employed to determine the degree to which audio signals are "tone-like" (or "noise-like"). The degree of tone-likeness, referred to as "tonality," is used to determine masking thresholds for use in the compression of audio signals. Tonality, computed in accordance with the present invention, is used in conventional and new arrangements to achieve compression of audio signals.
摘要翻译： 采用用于确定音频信号的掩蔽效果的新技术来以极大降低的比特率提供音频信号的透明压缩。 新技术采用最近对人类听觉系统噪声屏蔽心理物理学研究的结果。 这项研究表明，噪声屏蔽是大脑感知到的响度不确定度的函数。 使用响度不确定度的度量来确定音频信号是“色调”（或“类似噪声”）的程度。 被称为“音调”的音调程度用于确定用于音频信号压缩的掩蔽阈值。 根据本发明计算的音调用于实现音频信号的压缩的常规和新配置中。
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5699479A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-16
申请号：US384097
申请日：1995-02-06
CPC分类号： H04B1/665
摘要： A new technique for the determination of the masking effect of an audio signal is employed to provide transparent compression of an audio signal at greatly reduced bit rates. The new technique employs the results of recent research into the psycho-physics of noise masking in the human auditory system. This research suggests that noise masking is a function of the uncertainty in loudness as perceived by the brain. Measures of loudness uncertainty are employed to form noise masking thresholds for use in the compression of audio signals. These measures are employed in an illustrative subband, analysis-by-synthesis framework. In accordance with the illustrative embodiment, provisional encodings of the audio signal are performed to determine the encoding which achieves a loudness differential, between the original and coded audio signal, which is less than (but not too far below) the loudness uncertainty.
摘要翻译： 采用用于确定音频信号的掩蔽效果的新技术来以极大降低的比特率提供音频信号的透明压缩。 新技术采用最近对人类听觉系统噪声屏蔽心理物理学研究的结果。 这项研究表明，噪声屏蔽是大脑感知到的响度不确定度的函数。 使用响度不确定度的测量来形成用于压缩音频信号的噪声屏蔽阈值。 这些措施用于说明性的子带，综合分析框架。 根据说明性实施例，执行音频信号的临时编码以确定在原始和编码音频信号之间实现响度差的编码，其小于（但不是远低于）响度不确定性。
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