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公开(公告)号：US4670640A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-02
申请号：US809845
申请日：1985-12-16
CPC分类号： B23K10/00
摘要： Apparatus for cutting a metallic body in a predetermined and repeating pattern. A plasma torch and the metallic body are moved relative to each other. The relative movement includes a cutting relative movement in accordance with the predetermined pattern and a return relative movement in accordance with a repeat of the predetermined pattern. The metallic body serves as an operating anode during the cutting relative movement while a holding anode is provided for use during the return relative movement. The plasma torch is positioned in plasma retaining relation with the holding anode during the return relative movement. In a preferred embodiment, the power to the plasma torch is reduced during the return relative movement.
摘要翻译： 用于以预定和重复图案切割金属体的装置。 等离子体焰炬和金属体相对于彼此移动。 相对运动包括根据预定图案的切割相对运动和根据预定图案的重复的返回相对运动。 金属体在切割相对运动期间用作操作阳极，同时提供保持阳极以在返回相对运动期间使用。 等离子体焰炬在返回相对运动期间与保持阳极等离子体保持关系。 在优选实施例中，等离子体焰炬的功率在返回相对运动期间减小。
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公开(公告)号：US5702621A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-30
申请号：US516793
申请日：1995-08-18
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
CPC分类号： H01J37/32055 , C22B4/005 , H01J37/32064 , H05H1/44
摘要： A method for the treatment of matter by plasma action to produce a glassy product. A plurality of electrode structures are positioned to define a reaction zone associated with the inter-electrode space. The inter-electrode space is conditioned (as by preionizing) and a series of discrete electrical discharges are produced throughout the reaction zone. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction zone is subjected to a sequence of discrete electrical discharges in a time interval less than the residence time of material to be treated within the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 一种通过等离子体作用处理物质以产生玻璃状产品的方法。 定位多个电极结构以限定与电极间空间相关联的反应区。 电极间空间被调节（如通过预电离），并且在整个反应区域中产生一系列离散的放电。 在一个优选实施方案中，反应区在小于反应区内被处理材料的停留时间的时间间隔内经受一系列离散放电。
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公开(公告)号：US4361441A
公开(公告)日：1982-11-30
申请号：US138693
申请日：1980-04-07
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
IPC分类号： C21B11/02 , B01J19/08 , C21B13/12 , C22B4/00 , C22B5/02 , F27D11/08 , H05H1/26 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/44 , H05B11/00
CPC分类号： H05H1/42 , C22B4/005 , H05H1/26 , H05H1/44 , B01J2219/0894
摘要： A plasma reactor, in which particulate matter is caused to interact with low temperature plasma (i.e. below 100,000 K.) comprises spaced stationary electrode structures 2, 11 of which at least one is annular, between which an arc or arcs 7 is established by a power supply which may include a thyristor (SCR) 9. The arc is pulsated and caused to orbit or circulate round the or each annular electrode structure to form a conical plasma zone between the electrodes, while particulate solids are introduced through inlets 5 to enter the plasma zone and interact with the plasma therein. Extended dwell periods and highly effective interaction are brought about by circulation and pulsation of the arc and a high particle population density. The arc can be circulated at high speed by electrical means, for example by sequential energization of plasma torches 1 in an annular array or of the segments 8 of a segmental anode, or by electromagnetic circulation of the arc attachment round an annular cathode or round a segmental anode with the help of coils 10 fitted between the segments. Examples of reactions that can be efficiently conducted by this method include the reduction of metal ores, beneficiation of low grade chromite ores, recovery of energy values from low grade carbonaceous matter such as colliery wastes and the formation of pozzolanic material and cements from siliceous minerals.
摘要翻译： 引起与低温等离子体（即，低于100,000K）相互作用的等离子体反应器包括间隔开的固定电极结构2,11，其中至少一个是环形的，弧形或弧形7之间由 可以包括晶闸管（SCR）9的电源。电弧被脉动并且使其绕圆环或每个环形电极结构环绕或循环，以在电极之间形成锥形等离子体区域，而颗粒固体通过入口5引入以进入 等离子体区域并与其中的等离子体相互作用。 延长的停留时间和高度有效的相互作用是由于电弧的循环和脉动以及高的粒子群体密度引起的。 电弧可以通过电气装置高速循环，例如通过在环形阵列中的等离子体炬1或节段阳极的段8的顺序通电，或者通过围绕环形阴极的圆弧附件的电磁循环或环形阴极 借助线圈10安装在段之间的节段阳极。 可以通过这种方法有效地进行的反应的实例包括金属矿石的还原，低品位铬铁矿的选矿，从低品位碳质物质如煤矿废物回收能量值，以及形成火山灰材料和硅质矿物的水泥。
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公开(公告)号：US4177060A
公开(公告)日：1979-12-04
申请号：US826695
申请日：1977-08-22
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
摘要： In a process for the carbothermal reduction of alumina, carbon and alumina are supplied to a molten reaction bed in a hearth in the floor of a reactor. The reaction bed is supplied with energy by contact with plasma or with plasma effluents. For this purpose the reaction bed itself may form the counter-electrode for a plasma gun orbiting about the vertical axis of the reactor or there may be an intermediate counter-electrode. In either case the hearth is preferably electroconductive to provide a current path from the material in the reaction bed. Some or all of the feed material entering the reaction bed may enter the upper end of the reactor and descend through the plasma. At least part of the carbon may be in the form of coarse lumps which are fed to the reactor via an entry duct in counter-current relation to evolved carbon monoxide which preheats and partially scrubs it.
摘要翻译： 在氧化铝的碳热还原的方法中，将碳和氧化铝供应到反应器底部的炉床中的熔融反应床。 反应床通过与等离子体或等离子体流出物接触而供给能量。 为此，反应床本身可以形成围绕反应器的垂直轴线运动的等离子体枪的对电极，或者可以存在中间对电极。 在任一情况下，炉床优选是导电的，以提供来自反应床中的材料的电流路径。 进入反应床的进料的一些或全部可能进入反应器的上端并下降通过等离子体。 碳的至少一部分可以是粗块的形式，其通过与进入的一氧化碳相反的进入管道进料至反应器，预热和部分洗涤。
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公开(公告)号：US5824988A
公开(公告)日：1998-10-20
申请号：US905195
申请日：1997-08-01
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
IPC分类号： H05H1/46 , B01J19/08 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/00 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/00 , H01J37/32 , H05H1/44 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： H01J37/32055 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/005 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/001 , H01J37/32064 , H05H1/44 , Y02P10/214 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A reactor and method for the treatment of matter by plasma action. A plurality of electrode structures are positioned to define a reaction zone associated with the inter-electrode space. The inter-electrode space is conditioned (as by preionizing) and a series of discrete electrical discharges are produced throughout the reaction zone. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction zone is subjected to a sequence of discrete electrical discharges in a time interval less than the residence time of material to be treated within the reaction zone.
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公开(公告)号：US5605640A
公开(公告)日：1997-02-25
申请号：US521275
申请日：1995-08-30
申请人： Marek K. Tylko , Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Marek K. Tylko , Jozef K. Tylko
CPC分类号： H01J37/32055 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/005 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/001 , H01J37/32064 , H05H1/44 , Y02P10/214
摘要： A reactor and method for the treatment of matter by plasma action. A plurality of electrode structures are positioned to define a reaction zone associated with the inter-electrode space. The inter-electrode space is conditioned (as by preionizing) and a series of discrete electrical discharges are produced throughout the reaction zone. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction zone is subjected to a sequence of discrete electrical discharges in a time interval less than the residence time of material to be treated within the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于通过等离子体作用处理物质的反应器和方法。 定位多个电极结构以限定与电极间空间相关联的反应区。 电极间空间被调节（如通过预电离），并且在整个反应区域中产生一系列离散的放电。 在一个优选实施方案中，反应区在小于反应区内被处理材料的停留时间的时间间隔内经受一系列离散放电。
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7.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5403991A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-04
申请号：US109606
申请日：1993-08-19
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
IPC分类号： H05H1/46 , B01J19/08 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/00 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/00 , H01J37/32 , H05H1/44 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： H01J37/32055 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/005 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/001 , H01J37/32064 , H05H1/44 , Y02P10/214 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A reactor and method for the treatment of matter by plasma action. A plurality of electrode structures are positioned to define a reaction zone associated with the inter-electrode space. The inter-electrode space is conditioned (as by preionizing) and a series of discrete electrical discharges are produced throughout the reaction zone. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction zone is subjected to a sequence of discrete electrical discharges in a time interval less than the residence time of material to be treated within the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 用于通过等离子体作用处理物质的反应器和方法。 定位多个电极结构以限定与电极间空间相关联的反应区。 电极间空间被调节（如通过预电离），并且在整个反应区域中产生一系列离散的放电。 在一个优选实施方案中，反应区在小于反应区内被处理材料的停留时间的时间间隔内经受一系列离散放电。
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公开(公告)号：US4152169A
公开(公告)日：1979-05-01
申请号：US848031
申请日：1977-11-03
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
CPC分类号： C04B7/24 , C04B7/4453 , Y02P40/121 , Y02P40/145
摘要： Material for the production of hydraulic cements or for pozzolanic materials which develop cementatious characteristics after blending with an activator, is treated in an expanded precessive plasma in a plasma reactor of the type in which at least one plasma gun orbits about a vertical axis and is directed obliquely to said axis towards a counter electrode. The material preferably includes at least a proportion of a naturally occurring carbonaceous material of low calorific value, such as colliery spoil, oil shale or oil sand. In such case, as the material emerges from the plasma it is preferably contacted with air to effect combustion of the combustible material. The thermal energy thus released is recovered by suitable instrumentalities and is preferably converted to electrical energy to power the plasma reactor.
摘要翻译： 在等离子体反应器中，在等离子体反应器中处理在与活化剂混合后发展具有特性的火山灰材料的水硬性水泥或火山灰材料的材料，其中至少一个等离子体枪围绕垂直轴线运动并定向 倾斜于所述轴线朝向对置电极。 该材料优选包括至少一部分天然存在的低热值碳质材料，例如煤矿弃渣，油页岩或油砂。 在这种情况下，当材料从等离子体中排出时，优选与空气接触以实现可燃材料的燃烧。 由此释放的热能通过适当的工具回收，并且优选地转换成电能以为等离子体反应器供电。
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公开(公告)号：US5626249A
公开(公告)日：1997-05-06
申请号：US249153
申请日：1994-05-25
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
IPC分类号： H05H1/46 , B01J19/08 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/00 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/00 , H01J37/32 , H05H1/44 , B23K10/00
CPC分类号： H01J37/32055 , C10B19/00 , C22B4/005 , C22B4/08 , C22B7/001 , H01J37/32064 , H05H1/44 , Y02P10/214 , Y10S588/90
摘要： A method for the treatment of waste matter by plasma action. A plurality of electrode structures are positioned to define a reaction zone associated with the inter-electrode space. The inter-electrode space is conditioned (as by preionizing) and a series of discrete electrical discharges are produced throughout the reaction zone. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction zone is subjected to a sequence of discrete electrical discharges in a time interval less than the residence time of material to be treated within the reaction zone such that the waste material is pyrolyzed during its transit through the reaction zone.
摘要翻译： 一种通过等离子体作用处理废物的方法。 定位多个电极结构以限定与电极间空间相关联的反应区。 电极间空间被调节（如通过预电离），并且在整个反应区域中产生一系列离散的放电。 在优选的实施方案中，反应区在比反应区内要处理的材料的停留时间小的时间间隔内经受一系列离散的放电，使得废物在其通过反应区的过程中被热解。
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公开(公告)号：US4801435A
公开(公告)日：1989-01-31
申请号：US905287
申请日：1986-09-08
申请人： Jozef K. Tylko
发明人： Jozef K. Tylko
CPC分类号： C03B5/025 , B01J19/088 , C03B5/005 , C22B4/005 , H05H1/42 , H05H1/48 , B01J2219/0894 , Y02P40/58 , Y10S422/906
摘要： A low temperature plasma reactor for the treatment of particulate material. A housing is provided having an exit for treated material. Within the housing, the particulate material, and any desired additional reactants, undergo thermo-chemical reaction while being subjected to cyclonic action. The particulate material migrates or is driven toward the housing walls as it travels through the housing toward the housing exit. A plasma generator subjects that material that passes through the housing exit to plasma action. In a preferred embodiment, the housing includes a first portion wherein the cyclonic conditions are established, a throat portion through which treated material exits the housing and an adaptive portion extending between the first portion and the throat portion. An offgas duct withdraws gas and entrained particulate material generally at the junction of the first and adaptive housing portions while the plasma generator establishes a thermal barrier to the passage of entrained particulate material from the throat portion. The offgases may be employed in cogeneration while the inlet gases, by which cyclonic action is established, may have their constituents controlled with cogeneration in mind.
摘要翻译： 用于处理颗粒材料的低温等离子体反应器。 提供具有用于处理材料的出口的壳体。 在壳体内，颗粒材料和任何所需的附加反应物在受到气旋作用的同时经受热化学反应。 当颗粒材料通过壳体朝向壳体出口移动或者朝着壳体壁被驱动。 等离子体发生器将通过壳体出口的材料照射到等离子体作用。 在优选实施例中，壳体包括第一部分，其中建立了气旋条件，经处理的材料通过其从壳体离开的喉部和在第一部分和喉部之间延伸的自适应部分。 废气管道通常在第一和适应性壳体部分的接合处抽出气体和夹带的颗粒材料，同时等离子体发生器建立对从夹带的颗粒材料从喉部部分通过的热障碍。 废气可以用于热电联产，而气旋作用的入口气体可能会使其成分受到热电联产控制。
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