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    Method and system for controlling an optical switch using dynamic compensation
    1.
    发明授权
    Method and system for controlling an optical switch using dynamic compensation 有权
    使用动态补偿控制光开关的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US07239771B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-07-03

    申请号：US11235618

    申请日：2005-09-26

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt Ward Hagood, IV ,  Timothy Scott Glenn

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt Ward Hagood, IV ,  Timothy Scott Glenn

    IPC分类号： G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/3558 ,  G02B6/3578 ,  G02B6/359 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0049

    摘要： A free space optical switch that uses both an open loop control mode and a closed loop control mode. The open loop control mode is used to transition to a state where at least some light is sensed at a destination port. A closed loop control mode is then used, whereby a series of controlled dither signals are adjusted for system dynamics. Modifying the dither signals in this matter allows moving actuators at a rate that is much closer to the natural frequency of the underlying system, and hence speeds up the system convergence process. Variable modulation amplitudes may be employed on the dither signals to maximize convergence speed. In particular, changes in the dither signal can be made in accordance with the change in amplitude as a function of a gradient along a parabola that models the optical system response. According to still further aspects, the dither signals may be compensated for a desired and selectable attenuation level of output optical power.

    摘要翻译： 一种使用开环控制模式和闭环控制模式的自由空间光开关。 开环控制模式用于转换到在目的地端口处感测至少一些光的状态。 然后使用闭环控制模式，由此针对系统动态调整一系列受控抖动信号。 在此事项中修改抖动信号允许以更接近底层系统固有频率的速度移动执行器，从而加快系统收敛过程。 可以在抖动信号上采用可变调制幅度来最大化收敛速度。 特别地，抖动信号的变化可以根据作为对抛物线的梯度的函数的幅度变化进行，该抛物线对光学系统响应进行建模。 根据另外的方面，抖动信号可被补偿输出光功率的期望和可选择的衰减水平。

    Multiple-axis control system for an optical switch
    2.
    发明授权
    Multiple-axis control system for an optical switch 有权
    用于光开关的多轴控制系统

    公开(公告)号：US06975785B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-12-13

    申请号：US10392371

    申请日：2003-03-18

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt Ward Hagood, IV ,  Timothy Scott Glenn

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt Ward Hagood, IV ,  Timothy Scott Glenn

    IPC分类号： G02B6/35 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  G02B6/32

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/3558 ,  G02B6/3578 ,  G02B6/359 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0049

    摘要： A free space optical switch that uses both an open loop control mode and a closed loop control mode. The open loop control mode is used to transition to a state where at least some light is sensed at a destination port. A closed loop control mode is then used, whereby a series of controlled dither signals are adjusted for system dynamics. Modifying the dither signals in this matter allows moving actuators at a rate that is much closer to the natural frequency of the underlying system, and hence speeds up the system convergence process. Variable modulation amplitudes may be employed on the dither signals to maximize convergence speed. In particular, changes in the dither signal can be made in accordance with the change in amplitude as a function of a gradient along a parabola that models the optical system response. According to still further aspects, the dither signals may be compensated for a desired and selectable attenuation level of output optical power.

    摘要翻译： 一种使用开环控制模式和闭环控制模式的自由空间光开关。 开环控制模式用于转换到在目的地端口处感测至少一些光的状态。 然后使用闭环控制模式，由此针对系统动态调整一系列受控抖动信号。 在此事项中修改抖动信号允许以更接近底层系统固有频率的速度移动执行器，从而加快系统收敛过程。 可以在抖动信号上采用可变调制幅度来最大化收敛速度。 特别地，抖动信号的变化可以根据作为对抛物线的梯度的函数的幅度变化进行，该抛物线对光学系统响应进行建模。 根据另外的方面，抖动信号可被补偿输出光功率的期望和可选择的衰减水平。

    Piezoelectric generator
    4.
    发明授权
    Piezoelectric generator 有权

    公开(公告)号：US06655035B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-12-02

    申请号：US09986205

    申请日：2001-10-19

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt W. Hagood, IV ,  Aaron A. Bent

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt W. Hagood, IV ,  Aaron A. Bent

    IPC分类号： H01L41113

    CPC分类号： H02N2/18

    摘要： A method of extracting electrical energy from mechanical motion includes reusing an elastic portion of energy in a transducer by transferring the elastic portion of energy to another transducer. An apparatus for extracting electrical energy from mechanical motion includes at least two transducers coupled such that an elastic portion of energy in one transducer is transferable to the other transducer. The transducers are coupled by a member defining a waved surface, and each transducer defines a coupler in contact with the waved surface for movement following the waved surface. Couplers of two transducers are positioned such that they move out-of-phase relative to each other. The transducers are bound to a plate positioned between members such that the plate is deformed. The plate and members are configured such that relative rotation therebetween produces a wave that travels along the plate.

    Electrical power extraction from mechanical disturbances
    5.
    发明授权
    Electrical power extraction from mechanical disturbances 有权
    从机械扰动中提取电力

    公开(公告)号：US06580177B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-17

    申请号：US09323739

    申请日：1999-06-01

    申请人： Nesbitt W. Hagood, IV ,  Kamyar Ghandi

    发明人： Nesbitt W. Hagood, IV ,  Kamyar Ghandi

    IPC分类号： H02P904

    CPC分类号： H02N2/181

    摘要： A method of extracting power includes coupling a transducer that converts mechanical power to electrical power to a disturbance; coupling an electrical circuit to the transducer such that a peak voltage experienced by the transducer is greater than two times higher than any peak voltage of an open circuit transducer due to the disturbance alone; extracting power from the transducer using the electrical circuit, and storing extracted power. Power is extracted from the transducer and applied to the transducer during different intervals in the course of the disturbance. A system for extracting power includes a transducer, an electrical circuit, and a storage element for storing extracted power.

    摘要翻译： 一种提取功率的方法包括将将机械功率与电功率转换为干扰的换能器耦合; 将电路耦合到换能器，使得由于单独的扰动，换能器所经历的峰值电压大于开路换能器的任何峰值电压的两倍; 使用电路从传感器提取电力，并存储提取的电力。 从传感器中提取功率，并在干扰过程中以不同的间隔施加到换能器。 用于提取电力的系统包括换能器，电路和用于存储提取的电力的存储元件。

    Method and system for controlling an optical switch using dynamic compensation
    6.
    发明申请
    Method and system for controlling an optical switch using dynamic compensation 有权
    使用动态补偿控制光开关的方法和系统

    公开(公告)号：US20060018591A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-26

    申请号：US11235618

    申请日：2005-09-26

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt Hagood ,  Timothy Glenn

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt Hagood ,  Timothy Glenn

    IPC分类号： G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3502 ,  G02B6/3556 ,  G02B6/3558 ,  G02B6/3578 ,  G02B6/359 ,  H04Q11/0005 ,  H04Q2011/003 ,  H04Q2011/0039 ,  H04Q2011/0049

    摘要： A free space optical switch that uses both an open loop control mode and a closed loop control mode. The open loop control mode is used to transition to a state where at least some light is sensed at a destination port. A closed loop control mode is then used, whereby a series of controlled dither signals are adjusted for system dynamics. Modifying the dither signals in this matter allows moving actuators at a rate that is much closer to the natural frequency of the underlying system, and hence speeds up the system convergence process. Variable modulation amplitudes may be employed on the dither signals to maximize convergence speed. In particular, changes in the dither signal can be made in accordance with the change in amplitude as a function of a gradient along a parabola that models the optical system response. According to still further aspects, the dither signals may be compensated for a desired and selectable attenuation level of output optical power.

    摘要翻译： 一种使用开环控制模式和闭环控制模式的自由空间光开关。 开环控制模式用于转换到在目的地端口处感测至少一些光的状态。 然后使用闭环控制模式，由此针对系统动态调整一系列受控抖动信号。 在此事项中修改抖动信号允许以更接近底层系统固有频率的速度移动执行器，从而加快系统收敛过程。 可以在抖动信号上采用可变调制幅度来最大化收敛速度。 特别地，抖动信号的变化可以根据作为对抛物线的梯度的函数的幅度变化进行，该抛物线对光学系统响应进行建模。 根据另外的方面，抖动信号可被补偿输出光功率的期望和可选择的衰减水平。

    Method and apparatus for variable optical attenuation for an optical switch
    8.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for variable optical attenuation for an optical switch 有权
    光开关可变光衰减的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US07313295B2

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-25

    申请号：US11063453

    申请日：2005-02-23

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Timothy S. Glenn

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Timothy S. Glenn

    IPC分类号： G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3508 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/3544 ,  G02B6/3586 ,  G02B6/3594 ,  G02B6/3598

    摘要： A controller in an optical switch providing optical coupling of an optical signal between a source port and a target port employs, in at least one axis, gradient control using a feedback loop that compensates for alignment error between a source port and a target port in an optical switch. In at least one other axis, the controller generates a control input according to a control law that results in variable attenuation of optical coupling between the source port and the target port in the optical switch. A dither signal may be applied to the control input in the at least one other axis. Amplitude of the applied dither signal may be varied.

    摘要翻译： 在光源端口和目标端口之间提供光信号的光耦合的光开关中的控制器在至少一个轴上采用使用补偿在源端口和目标端口之间的对准误差的反馈环路的梯度控制 光开关。 在至少另一轴中，控制器根据控制规律产生控制输入，该控制规则导致光开关中的源端口和目标端口之间的光耦合的可变衰减。 抖动信号可以施加到至少一个其它轴中的控制输入。 施加的抖动信号的幅度可以变化。

    Method and apparatus for variable optical attenuation for an optical switch
    9.
    发明申请
    Method and apparatus for variable optical attenuation for an optical switch 有权
    光开关可变光衰减的方法和装置

    公开(公告)号：US20060188194A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-08-24

    申请号：US11063453

    申请日：2005-02-23

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Timothy Glenn

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Timothy Glenn

    IPC分类号： G02B6/26

    CPC分类号： G02B6/3508 ,  G02B6/266 ,  G02B6/3544 ,  G02B6/3586 ,  G02B6/3594 ,  G02B6/3598

    摘要： A controller in an optical switch providing optical coupling of an optical signal between a source port and a target port employs, in at least one axis, gradient control using a feedback loop that compensates for alignment error between a source port and a target port in an optical switch. In at least one other axis, the controller generates a control input according to a control law that results in variable attenuation of optical coupling between the source port and the target port in the optical switch. A dither signal may be applied to the control input in the at least one other axis. Amplitude of the applied dither signal may be varied.

    摘要翻译： 在光源端口和目标端口之间提供光信号的光耦合的光开关中的控制器在至少一个轴上采用使用补偿在源端口和目标端口之间的对准误差的反馈环路的梯度控制 光开关。 在至少另一轴中，控制器根据控制规律产生控制输入，该控制规则导致光开关中的源端口和目标端口之间的光耦合的可变衰减。 抖动信号可以施加到至少一个其它轴中的控制输入。 施加的抖动信号的幅度可以变化。

    Piezoelectric generator
    10.
    发明授权
    Piezoelectric generator 有权
    压电发电机

    公开(公告)号：US06909224B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-06-21

    申请号：US10724705

    申请日：2003-12-02

    申请人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt W. Hagood, IV ,  Aaron A. Bent

    发明人： Kamyar Ghandi ,  Nesbitt W. Hagood, IV ,  Aaron A. Bent

    IPC分类号： H01L41/04 ,  H01L41/113 ,  H02N2/18 ,  H01L41/12

    CPC分类号： H02N2/18

    摘要： A method of extracting electrical energy from mechanical motion includes reusing an elastic portion of energy in a transducer by transferring the elastic portion of energy to another transducer. An apparatus for extracting electrical energy from mechanical motion includes at least two transducers coupled such that an elastic portion of energy in one transducer is transferable to the other transducer. The transducers are coupled by a member defining a waved surface, and each transducer defines a coupler in contact with the waved surface for movement following the waved surface. Couplers of two transducers are positioned such that they move out-of-phase relative to each other. The transducers are bound to a plate positioned between members such that the plate is deformed. The plate and members are configured such that relative rotation therebetween produces a wave that travels along the plate.

    摘要翻译： 从机械运动中提取电能的方法包括通过将弹性部分的能量转移到另一个换能器来重新使用换能器中的能量的弹性部分。 一种用于从机械运动中提取电能的装置包括至少两个耦合的换能器，使得一个换能器中的能量的弹性部分可转移到另一个换能器。 换能器通过限定波形表面的构件耦合，并且每个换能器限定与波形表面接触的耦合器，用于在波形表面之后移动。 两个换能器的耦合器被定位成使得它们相对于彼此移动异相。 换能器与定位在构件之间的板结合，使得板变形。 板和构件被构造成使得它们之间的相对旋转产生沿着板行进的波。