摘要:
Antide is the decapeptide, N-Ac-D-2-Nal,D-pClPhe, D-3-Pal, Ser,NicLys, D-NicLys, Leu, ILys, Pro, D-Ala,NH.sub.2 which is an antagonist of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). This decapeptide, like others of the present invention, has high antiovulatory activity (AOA) and releases negligible histamine. Antide is scheduled for scale-up, safety testing and evaluation in the experimental primate and in clinical medicine. Numerous other peptides having structures related to Antide were prepared and tested. These peptides had variations primarily in positions 5, 6, 7, and 8. Of these, N-Ac-D-2-Nal, D-pClPhe,D-3-Pal,Ser,PicLys,cis-DPzACAla,Leu,ILys,Pro,D-Ala-NH.sub.2 was one of the most potent and had higher antiovulatory activity than Antide, i.e. 73%/0.25 ug and 100%/0.5 ug vs. 36%/0.5 ug and 100%/1.0 ug. Antide showed significant, (p
摘要:
Antide is the decapeptide, N--Ac--D--2--Nal,D--pClPhe, D--3--Pal, Ser,NicLys, D--NicLys, Leu, ILys, Pro, D--Ala,NH.sub.2 which is an antagonist of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH). This decapeptide, like others of the present invention, has high antiovulatory activity (AOA) and releases negligible histamine. Antide is scheduled for scale-up, safety testing and evaluation in the experimental primate and in clinical medicine. Numerous other peptides having structures related to Antide were prepared and tested. These peptides had variations primarily in positions 5, 6, 7, and 8. Of these, N--Ac--D--2--Nal, D--pClPhe,D--3--Pal,Ser,PicLys,cis--DpzACAla, Leu,ILys,pro,D--Ala--NH.sub.2 was one of the most potent and had higher antiovulatory activity than Antide, i.e. 73%/0.25 ug and 100%/0.5 ug vs. 36%/0.5 ug and 100%/1.0 ug. Antide showed significant, (p
摘要:
The objective of the research was the achievement of antagonists of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) which would have adequate antagonistic activity to prevent ovulation, and yet would not have a pronounced structural feature to release a histamine, in vivo. Some existing antagonists of LHRH produced edema of the face and extremities in rats. This recent recognition of the edematogenic and anaphylactoid activities of an antagonist of LHRH necessitated new structural changes if such antagonists were to be considered for potential use as contraceptive agents in the human. Consequently, 57 peptides have been designed, synthesized and bioassayed toward achieving a potent antagonist which releases negligible histamine. Since there was no predictable structural sequence which offered assurance of such achievement, it was necessary to design, synthesize and bioassay a very large number of peptides having diverse structural changes toward ultimately discovering an antagonist with the necessary potency of antiovulatory activity and the necessary negligible release of histamine. Ultimately, this objective was achieved, and this application describes the diverse and unpredictable many positive steps which finally led to the objectives.
摘要:
The chemical structure of the luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) was elucidatd in 1971. Since then, a very large number of international investigators synthesized more than 100 monosubstituted and about 14 disubstituted analogs of LHRH. All of these analogs were synthesized from natural amino acids having the L-configuration. Not one of these approximately 114 analogs showed agonist activity equivalent to that of LHRH. Two of the 114 were about 60% as active, and neither one has had any utility. We have investigated the six individual L-amino acids which occur in positions 5, 7, and 8 of the four naturally occurring LHRH's which exist in porcine/ovine, salmon, and chicken tissue. There are a total of 16 peptides with these structural features, and we have discovered that not only one but five of these peptides are not only equivalent in certain assays in activity to LHRH, but that two of the five are surprisingly superior to LHRH in activity, and that two of the five have a unique and unpredictable dissociation of activity for the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). These five peptides are:A. p-Glu His Trp Ser His Gly Leu Arg Pro Gly-NH.sub.2,B. p-Glu His Trp Ser His Gly Trp Arg Pro Gly-NH.sub.2,C. p-Glu His Trp Ser His Gly Trp Gln Pro Gly-NH.sub.2,D. p-Glu His Trp Ser His Gly Trp Leu Pro Gly-NH.sub.2,E. p-Glu His Trp Ser Tyr Gly Trp Arg Pro Gly-NH.sub.2,Peptide C might be the naturally occurring as FSHRH, because of its dissociated release of LH and FSH. The discovery for the first time of decapeptides with L-amino acids equal to or more potent than LHRH was based on about 14 years of background. Our new peptides are particularly useful in medical fields for pituitary stimulation and inhibition, for enhancement or inhibition of fertility in humans and animals, for the therapy of hormone-dependent tumors, for special effects on sexual behavior in humans and animals, and for design of new categories of superagonists and antagonists. Extrapituitary effects by these new peptides may be observed on the central nervous system or reproductive organs of humans and animals that are different from those of LHRH. The latter will be especially true if some of these new peptides are found to be native peptides such as FSH-RH or the LHRH-like peptides that have been detected in the gonads that are yet to be identified. The reason for believing this projection is possible is that some of these peptides have high or unique LH and FSH releasing activity in the LHRH radioreceptor assay, as exemplified by the biological activities of peptide C.
摘要:
A wireless reception device is notified of whether a multi-user MIMO signal transmitted from a wireless transmission device has undergone linear precoding or non-linear precoding without increasing the amount of control information. A wireless transmission device having a plurality of transmit antennas 303, for transmitting spatially multiplexed signals to a plurality of wireless reception devices includes a group construction unit 307 configured to classify the wireless reception devices into a plurality of groups and to determine a precoding scheme for each of the groups, a selection unit 315 configured to select one group from among the groups, and a precoding unit 323 configured to precode transmit data addressed to each of wireless reception devices belonging to the selected group, using a precoding scheme determined for the selected group.
摘要:
The present invention switches an interference suppression system between a linear precoding and a nonlinear precoding in accordance with a communication environment. A wireless transmission apparatus is provided with a plurality of transmission antenna units (303), and multiplexes spatially and transmits a plurality of series of data with respect to at least one wireless reception apparatus, and includes a selection unit (307) configured to select any one precoding system from a plurality of types of precoding systems and a precoding unit (315) configured to carry out precoding with respect to the plurality of series of data using the selected precoding system. In addition, the selection unit selects either of a first precoding system carrying out linear processing with respect to the plurality of series of data or a second precoding system carrying out nonlinear processing with respect to the plurality of series of data.
摘要:
To realize transmission performances equivalent to those of an MU-MIMO BLAST ZF-THP system without increasing a signal processing amount in a base station apparatus in a downlink MU-MIMO transmission system. A transmission apparatus is provided with a plurality of transmission antennas, generates a transmission signal addressed to each reception apparatus based on information indicating spatial correlation of channels to and from a plurality of reception apparatuses, space-multiplexes the generated each transmission signal in the same wireless resource, and transmits it to each reception apparatus. The transmission apparatus includes: an ordering determination part 601 which determines an order in which a transmission signal addressed to each reception apparatus is generated based on information indicating spatial correlation of channels; a linear filter generation part 603 which generates a linear filter based on the determined order; a THP part 605 which performs a THP process by using the determined order and the linear filter; and a linear filter multiplication part 607 which multiplies an output of the THP part 605 by the linear filter.
摘要:
A wireless communication system in which a base station apparatus having a plurality of transmission antennas and one or more terminal apparatuses communicate with each other is provided with at least two methods of a first feedback method and a second feedback method regarding propagation path information at the time of reception. In accordance with a communication condition between the base station apparatus and the terminal apparatus, or the function of the terminal apparatus, the terminal apparatus performs feedback by one of the two methods of the first feedback method and the second feedback method. The base station apparatus performs spatial multiplexing transmission on the basis of the propagation path information that has been fed back. Thus, in a system in which CSI is fed back for MIMO transmission, desired transmission characteristics can be efficiently obtained.
摘要:
A receiver apparatus receiving a quadrature-modulated, modulated wave, includes: a real-zero signal generator for adding a sinusoidal wave to the modulated wave to generate a real-zero signal; an in-phase and quadrature component detector for extracting an in-phase component signal and a quadrature component signal from the real-zero signal; a real-zero sequence generator for generating a real-zero sequence as a sequence of time points at which the in-phase component and quadrature component signals become zero; and a signal reconstruction unit for reproducing the in-phase component and quadrature component from the real-zero sequence. It is possible to provide a receiving apparatus that enables decoding of a received signal with high precision even when sufficient linearity cannot be secured in the analog circuit of the receiver apparatus.
摘要:
When signals received by receiving antennas included in each terminal are subjected to MMSE combining, it is configured that each terminal is able to grasp position of desired signal in signal vector obtained after combining. A base station 100 receives by a receiving antenna 23 from the terminal apparatus channel state information between a transmitting antenna 16 and spatial multiplexing object antennas included in each terminal apparatus. A transmit weight calculation unit 19 calculates a transmit weight for performing spatial multiplexing transmission to the terminal apparatus based on the channel state information. Transmit weight multiplication unit s 12 and 18 multiplies an information signal addressed to each terminal apparatus to be performed spatial multiplexing by the transmit weight. A signal multiplexing unit 13 multiplexes the information signal multiplied by the transmit weight and an information to specify the information signal that needs to be demodulated by each terminal apparatus.