公开(公告)号：US06774899B1

公开(公告)日：2004-08-10

申请号：US08932725

申请日：1997-09-18

申请人： Kathy Ryall ,  Joseph Marks ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

发明人： Kathy Ryall ,  Joseph Marks ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

IPC分类号： G06F300

CPC分类号： G06T11/206

摘要： A system for interactive manipulation of graphs by a user applies constraints to obtain a visually pleasing display. The user adds nodes and edges to the graph. Visual Organization Feature (VOF) constraints are then applied to the nodes. The system uses a generalized spring algorithm to apply the constraints. Springs are attached to selected nodes to which a constraint is to be applied. The length and the second end-point of each spring are set based upon the constraint which is to be applied. The system then determines by simulation at-rest positions for all of the nodes based upon the springs. As the user adds, changes or deletes VOFs or changes the positions of the nodes, the graph is automatically reconfigured based upon the constraints. A user interface in connection with the graph drawing system provides a display for the graph and selection buttons for applying the VOFs.

摘要翻译： 由用户对图形进行交互操作的系统施加约束以获得视觉上令人满意的显示。 用户向图中添加节点和边。 然后将视觉组织特征（VOF）约束应用于节点。 系统使用广义弹簧算法来应用约束。 弹簧连接到要应用约束的选定节点。 每个弹簧的长度和第二个终点基于要应用的约束来设定。 然后，系统通过基于弹簧的所有节点的模拟静止位置来确定。 当用户添加，更改或删除VOF或更改节点的位置时，会根据约束自动重新配置图形。 与图形绘图系统相关联的用户界面提供用于应用VOF的图形和选择按钮的显示。

公开(公告)号：US5911146A

公开(公告)日：1999-06-08

申请号：US646740

申请日：1996-05-03

申请人： Ramesh Johari ,  Joseph Marks ,  Ali Partovi ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

发明人： Ramesh Johari ,  Joseph Marks ,  Ali Partovi ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

IPC分类号： G06T11/60 ,  G06T15/00

CPC分类号： G06T11/60 ,  G06F17/217

摘要： A computer-based system for automatic pagination and layout of yellow pagesor a commercial telephone directory uses a simulated annealing heuristic to refine a randomly determined candidate solution. The text and advertisements which are to be included in the yellow pages directory are ordered in two distinct data streams representing the order of text and the order of advertisements in the directory. The system determines a possible layout, called a candidate solution, by randomly setting parameters defining the pagination and layout. These parameters may include page breaks in the advertisement stream, column numbers for each advertisement, and an amount of padding or empty space to be added to each page. Once the parameters are set, the individual pages are laid out by putting the advertisements in the next available position in their assigned columns, and the text around the advertisements. The solution is scored based upon the guidelines for the format and layout of the yellow pages directory. The solution is then optimized using a simulated annealing heuristic, which utilizes small modifications or perturbations randomly made to the initial parameters of the candidate solution. The revised solution is scored and compared to the score of the prior solution. The revised solution is then kept according to a probabilistic formula relating the two scores. Through an iterative process of perturbations, scoring, and comparing, the candidate solution becomes optimized. The process is repeated multiple times for different initial candidate solutions, each of which is randomly determined. A best solution is then selected from all of the optimized candidate solutions.

摘要翻译： 用于商业电话簿的黄页自动分页和布局的基于计算机的系统使用模拟退火启发式来优化随机确定的候选解决方案。 要包括在黄页目录中的文本和广告在表示文本顺序和目录中广告顺序的两个不同的数据流中排序。 系统通过随机设置定义分页和布局的参数来确定称为候选解决方案的可能布局。 这些参数可以包括广告流中的分页符，每个广告的列号，以及要添加到每个页面的填充量或空白空间。 一旦设置了参数，通过将广告放置在其分配的列中的下一个可用位置以及广告周围的文本来布局各个页面。 该解决方案基于黄页目录的格式和布局指南。 然后使用模拟退火启发式来优化解，其利用对候选解决方案的初始参数随机进行的小的修改或扰动。 对修订后的解决方案进行评分，并与先前解决方案的得分进行比较。 然后根据与两个分数相关的概率公式来保存修改后的解决方案。 通过扰动，评分和比较的迭代过程，优化候选解决方案。 对于不同的初始候选解决方案，该过程被重复多次，每个候选解决方案随机确定。 然后从所有优化的候选解决方案中选择最佳解决方案。

公开(公告)号：US5886704A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US646739

申请日：1996-05-03

申请人： Ho Min Kang ,  Joseph Marks ,  Joshua Seims ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

发明人： Ho Min Kang ,  Joseph Marks ,  Joshua Seims ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

IPC分类号： G06T15/50

CPC分类号： G06T15/506

摘要： A system and method for creating lighting for an image generates a large number of images based upon randomly selected light positions, types and directions. The images are then culled to reduce the number of images to be reviewed by a user. The images are culled to provide a set of images which best spans the lighting space represented by the large number of images. The culling process is iterative; at each iteration, the image which is most dissimilar from a nearest neighbor in the selected set is added to the selected set. The images are organized in a hierarchical structure to ease review by the user. The hierarchical structure separates the images into multiple levels. At each level, the images are separated into sets of equal size. Each set includes images which are most similar. An average image from each set is picked as the visual representation for that set. In creating the hierarchical structure, a single image may or may not be included in different subsets. A user interface allows the user to review and select images in the hierarchical structure. The images selected by the user are combined to create a final image with lighting. The lighting specifications can be saved for future reference by the lighting system or other applications.

摘要翻译： 用于创建图像照明的系统和方法基于随机选择的光位置，类型和方向产生大量图像。 然后，图像被剔除以减少要由用户审查的图像的数量。 图像被剔除以提供最佳跨越由大量图像表示的照明空间的一组图像。 剔除过程是迭代的; 在每次迭代中，与所选集中的最近邻居最不相似的图像被添加到所选择的集合中。 图像以层次结构组织，以便用户查看。 分层结构将图像分为多个层次。 在每个级别，图像被分成相同大小的集合。 每组包括最相似的图像。 将每个集合的平均图像作为该集合的视觉表示。 在创建层次结构时，单个图像可能包含或不包含在不同的子集中。 用户界面允许用户在层次结构中查看和选择图像。 组合用户选择的图像以创建具有照明的最终图像。 照明规格可以保存，以供将来参考照明系统或其他应用。

公开(公告)号：US06421050B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-16

申请号：US08805216

申请日：1997-02-27

申请人： Wheeler Ruml ,  Joseph Marks ,  Kathleen Ryall ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

发明人： Wheeler Ruml ,  Joseph Marks ,  Kathleen Ryall ,  Stuart Merrill Shieber

IPC分类号： G06T1550

CPC分类号： G06T15/506 ,  G06T15/50

摘要： An interface is useful in browsing output vectors resulting from applying a transfer function to input data. The interface allows a user to explore effects of different parameter settings which make up the transfer function, particularly in connection with computer-generated and computer-modified images. The interface includes two portions, a central display panel and a surrounding area of a plurality of image displays. Thumbnail sketches of images corresponding to each of the output vectors are located in the central display panel to represent the relationships between the output vectors. The output vectors are processed to determine distances between them, and the distances are then projected to the two-dimensional display of the central display panel. The central display panel can be controlled to pan and zoom the display to review the thumbnail sketches. The user can then select different thumbnail sketches so that full-sized images are displayed in the plurality of image displays. The interface also has additional displays which can overlay the central display panel and the image displays. The additional displays represent information about the images or vectors. The input or output vectors corresponding to a specific image can be displayed. Alternatively, the image can be displayed in larger detail in an additional display.

摘要翻译： 一个界面在浏览从应用传递函数到输入数据所产生的输出向量时非常有用。 该界面允许用户探索组成传送功能的不同参数设置的效果，特别是与计算机生成和计算机修改的图像相关。 界面包括两个部分，中央显示面板和多个图像显示器的周围区域。 对应于每个输出向量的图像的缩略图草图位于中央显示面板中，以表示输出向量之间的关系。 处理输出向量以确定它们之间的距离，然后将距离投影到中央显示面板的二维显示。 可以控制中央显示面板以平移和缩放显示以查看缩略图草图。 然后，用户可以选择不同的缩略图草图，使得在多个图像显示器中显示全尺寸图像。 该接口还具有可覆盖中央显示面板和图像显示的附加显示器。 附加显示器表示关于图像或矢量的信息。 可以显示与特定图像对应的输入或输出矢量。 或者，可以在附加显示器中更详细地显示图像。