摘要:
A phosphorus-containing polymer is provided comprising the reaction product of a chain-transfer agent having at least one pH bond with an unsaturated carboxylic, phosphonic or sulphonic acid. The invention also provides the aforementioned phosphorus-containing polymer further comprising phosphorus-containing end-caps. The polymers have a biodegradability of at least 20% per 28 days (as determined by OECD 306).
摘要:
Compounds of formula (I), wherein each of R and R′ are independently selected from hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group or a hydroxy or carboxy substituted alkyl, aryl or alkaryl group, provided that R and R′, together have a total of less than 23 carbon atoms, R″ may either be hydrogen or a CHR═CR1 group or be selected from the same categories as R′″; R′″ is a group, or polymeric chain comprising from 1 to 100,000 groups, said group or groups being derived form at least one ethylenically unsaturated compound wherein the double bond is activated by an adjacent electron withdrawing group, and n is greater than 1 are novel, are useful corrosion inhibitors and are valuable intermediates in preparing telomers for use in water treatment.
摘要:
A scale and corrosion inhibitor for use in the treatment of water comprises at least one oxyalkylene unit and at least one phosphonate unit (e.g. a unit derived prom a mono- or di-phosphonic acid such as VPA or VDPA). Inhibitors according to the present invention have been found to exhibit both scale-inhibiting and corrosion-inhibiting properties, especially in the treatment of cooling water and water used in oilfield applications.
摘要:
The reaction of compounds of the formula:X.sub.2 O.sub.3 P CHY CZ.sub.2where Y and each Z are each H, PO.sub.3 X.sub.2, SO.sub.3 X or CO.sub.2 X (e.g. vinyl phosphonic acid or vinylidene diphosphonic acid) with hypophosphorous acid in the presence of free radicals provides novel compounds X.sub.2 O.sub.3 PCHYCZ.sub.2 PO.sub.2 XH which react with monomers such as vinyl sulphonate, vinyl phosphonate, vinylidene diphosphonate and acrylic acid to form telomers useful for scale inhibition, especially barium scale in oil wells. The polymers show better absorption to rock than PVSA and better thermal stability than random copolymers containing equivalent phosphorus.
摘要翻译:其中Y和Z各自为H,PO 3 X 2,SO 3 X或CO 2 X(例如乙烯基膦酸或亚乙烯基二膦酸)的化合物与次磷酸在自由基存在下的反应提供新的化合物X 2 O 3 PCHYCZ 2 PO 2 XH,其反应 与单体如乙烯基磺酸盐,乙烯基膦酸盐,亚乙烯基二膦酸盐和丙烯酸形成可用于阻垢的调聚物,特别是油井中的钡垢。 与含有相同磷的无规共聚物相比,聚合物对PVSA的吸收比PVSA具有更好的热稳定性。
摘要:
Disclosed are methods of determining the effectiveness of an asphaltene deposition inhibitor in oilfield applications. Such methods typically comprising the steps of introducing an oil well fluid into a microfluidic/millifluidic system; introducing a mixture of an asphaltene deposition inhibitor and carrier into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; introducing a precipitating agent, typically comprising heptane, into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; and optionally introducing toluene into the microfluidic/millifluidic system; then observing the presence or absence of asphaltene aggregation within the microfluidic/millifluidic system.
摘要:
An improved process for production of dialkyldithiophosphinic acid including sulfurizing a purified dialkylphosphinic acid by: reacting a hypophosphorous acid or salt with a stoichiometric excess of an alpha olefin in the presence of a free radical initiator to form a reaction product comprising monoalkylphosphinic acid and dialkylphosphinic acid; adding sufficient aqueous base to the reaction product to i) form the salts of the phosphinic acids, and ii) establish an aqueous phase and an organic phase, wherein a monoalkylphosphinic acid solubilizes into an aqueous phase; separating the organic phase from the aqueous phase; acidifying the organic phase and removing the olefin from the organic phase; isolating the purified dialkylphosphinic acid product; and sulfurizing the purified dialkylphosphinic acid product to form a dialkydithiophosphinic acid. The present invention also provides a process for preparing purified dialkylthiophosphinic chloride, and a process for preparing purified dialkylmonothiophosphinic acids.
摘要:
An integrated intelligent finger scanner is used for reducing fraud in a healthcare program intended to exclusively benefit eligible individuals. The scanner has a finger scanner for acquiring the image of a finger, and data processing means for encoding the acquired image into biometric candidate data and for comparing the biometric candidate data with other data. The method includes: (a) receiving, from a service seeker, memory means containing stored information comprising biometric reference data of an eligible individual; (b) reading, with a POS terminal having a memory means reader, the stored biometric reference data of the eligible individual from the memory means; (c) transmitting the read biometric reference data from the POS terminal to the integrated intelligent finger scanner operably connected to the POS terminal; (d) scanning, with the integrated intelligent finger scanner, a finger of the service seeker, so as to produce finger scan data; (e) processing the produced finger scan data to create biometric candidate data; (f) comparing the read biometric reference data with the created biometric candidate data; (g) ascertaining the degree of correspondence between the read biometric reference data and the created biometric candidate data; and (h) deciding whether the service seeker is the eligible individual based upon the degree of correspondence between the read biometric reference data and the created biometric candidate data.
摘要:
A fiberoptic dental headpiece hose assembly has a smooth-walled, aseptic outer tubing that contains a plurality of internal components to provide drive air, an exhaust line, chip air and coolant water to the dental handpiece. The fiberoptic handpiece hose assembly is field-serviceable due to the rearend release connection of the outer tubing to the swivel assembly. This permits access to the internal components to allow repairs to be made in the dentist's office. The fiber-optic bundle is made from an acrylic material and the adapter is made generally from plastic to reduce the overall weight of the assembly and to improve the reliability and service life of the assembly.
摘要:
A method of controlling or arresting the rate of depolymerization of a polymer composition during a biocide treatment by controlling the pH of the composition, and use of such methods in oilfield applications.
摘要:
A depolymerized-carboxyalkyl polysaccharide formed by de polymerizing a polysaccharide having from 0.5 to 3.0 degrees of substitution and reducing the molecular weight of said polysaccharide before or after said depolymerizing provides a biodegradable scale inhibitor useful to prevent deposition of scale comprising, for example, calcium, barium, sulfate and salts thereof. The depolymerized carboxyalkyl polysaccharide is particularly useful in off shore oil production squeeze treatments and in the treatment of scale formed in industrial water treatment.