摘要:
A liquid crystal cell which minimizes disordered orientation occurring with temperature changes even across a wide range, to exhibit good contrast and high reliability, as well as a smectic liquid crystal composition for use the liquid crystal cell are provided. In smectic liquid crystal compositions having a layer construction in the liquid crystal molecular arrangement, it was found that antiferroelectric liquid crystal compositions resistant to variation in the layer spacing of the smectic phase due to temperature changes are resistant to disordered orientation. Specifically, if the antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition contains at lest 45 wt % of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal compound with roughly constant layer spacing in a temperature range from the temperature t.sub.1 which gives the minimum value for the layer spacing of the smectic C.sub.A * phase to -20.degree. C., no disordered liquid crystal orientation results even after cold/hot temperature cycles. An even greater effect is achieved if the spontaneous polarization at of the composition at temperature t.sub.1 is at least 160 nC/cm.sup.2.
摘要:
A compound is represented by the following formula: In the formula (1), X is a chalcogen atom. Z is carbon or an aromatic ring structure having at least one sulfur, at least one oxygen, or at least one nitrogen in an aromatic ring to which a substituent is attached. n is an integer of 1 to 3. R1 and R2 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, a straight, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
摘要:
Antiferroelectric liquid crystals represented by the following formula (1) and (2). ##STR1## In the formula (1), each of m and n is an integer satisfying 6.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.14 and 2.ltoreq.n.ltoreq.10, and each of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is independently a substituent selected from the group consisting H, F, Cl, Br, CN and CH.sub.3. ##STR2## In the formula (2), each of m and n is an integer satisfying 6.ltoreq.m.ltoreq.14 and 3.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.10, and each of Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is independently a substituent selected from the group consisting H, F, Cl, Br, CN and CH.sub.3.
摘要:
A heat transport fluid passage device for a heat transport circuit has a wall defining a passage through which a heat transport fluid flows. The heat transport fluid contains a solvent made of water or an organic substance and fine particles dispersed in the solvent. A hydrophobic membrane is formed on a surface of the wall.
摘要:
A heat transport fluid passage device for a heat transport circuit has a wall defining a passage through which a heat transport fluid flows. The heat transport fluid contains a solvent made of water or an organic substance and fine particles dispersed in the solvent. A hydrophobic membrane is formed on a surface of the wall.
摘要:
An air conditioning system comprising a gas-impermeable wall defining a space for air conditioning, and a selective separating member disposed in the wall as a part of the wall, having a function of allowing preferential permeation of oxygen and carbon dioxide and at the same time, blocking the permeation of hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and a fine solid component, in which the selective separating member comprises an organic polymer and satisfies the relationship of P1/P2>10 wherein P1 is the permeation coefficient of oxygen and carbon dioxide and P2 is the permeation coefficient of hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and a fine solid component.
摘要:
A compound is represented by the following formula: In the formula (1), X is a chalcogen atom. Z is carbon or an aromatic ring structure having at least one sulfur, at least one oxygen, or at least one nitrogen in an aromatic ring to which a substituent is attached. n is an integer of 1 to 3. R1 and R2 are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a straight, branched, or cyclic alkyl group, a straight, branched, or cyclic alkoxy group, and a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
摘要:
An air conditioning system comprising a gas-impermeable wall defining a space for air conditioning, and a selective separating member disposed in the wall as a part of the wall, having a function of allowing preferential permeation of oxygen and carbon dioxide and at the same time, blocking the permeation of hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and a fine solid component, in which the selective separating member comprises an organic polymer and satisfies the relationship of P1/P2>10 wherein P1 is the permeation coefficient of oxygen and carbon dioxide and P2 is the permeation coefficient of hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, sulfur oxide and a fine solid component.
摘要翻译:一种空调系统,包括限定用于空调的空间的不透气壁和作为壁的一部分设置在壁中的选择性分离构件,具有允许氧气和二氧化碳优先渗透的功能,同时 阻止烃,氮氧化物,硫氧化物和细固体组分的渗透,其中选择性分离构件包含有机聚合物,并且满足P 1 / P 2> 10的关系,其中P 1是氧的渗透系数, 二氧化碳和P 2是烃,氮氧化物,硫氧化物和细固体成分的渗透系数。
摘要:
An antiferroelectric liquid crystal composition having a chiral smectic CA* phase composed by blending liquid crystal composition-constituting compounds having the same direction of inclination of optic axis produced by application of an electric field and/or comprised of a mixture of two enantiomers of a liquid crystal material; one having the stereosense (+) and the other having the stereosense (−). The stereosense is defined so that, when the molecule is viewed so that the bond between the core group and the asymmetric carbon is behind the asymmetric carbon atom, the stereosense is (+) if the remaining three groups (or atoms) are arranged clockwise in order of length of the groups (or, if the groups are the same length, in order of their volume), and the stereosense is (−) if the groups are arranged counter clockwise.
摘要:
An antiferroelectric composition comprising 70 wt % or more of a mixture consisting of two groups of compounds represented by the following general formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each of R, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are an atom or an atomic group, R is an atomic group having the most carbon atoms, C* represents an asymmetric carbon, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and R.sup.3 are numbered in order of increasing number of carbon atoms (i.e. R.sup.1