摘要:
A fuel cell and method for manufacturing the fuel cell are described herein. Basically, the fuel cell is formed from an electrode/electrolyte structure including an array of anode electrodes and cathode electrodes disposed on opposing sides of an electrolyte sheet, the anode and cathode electrodes being electrically connected in series, parallel, or a combination thereof by electrical conductors that traverse via holes in the electrolyte sheet. Several different embodiments of electrical conductors which have a specific composition and/or a specific geometry are described herein.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a fuel cell apparatus which includes arrays of positive air electrodes and negative fuel electrodes with via interconnections disposed on an electrolyte sheet; optional electrode designs include symmetric electrodes comprising a conductive silver alloy metal phase and a thermally stabilizing ceramic phase, the latter providing low interface resistance and matching thermal properties.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a compliant fuel cell apparatus which includes arrays of positive air electrodes and negative fuel electrodes with via interconnections disposed on a thin compliant electrolyte sheet; optional electrode designs include symmetric electrodes comprising a conductive silver alloy metal phase and a thermally stabilizing ceramic phase, the latter providing low interface resistance and matching thermal properties, with the resulting fuel cells remaining sufficiently compliant to demonstrate good resistance to thermal shock damage.
摘要:
The present invention relates to an electrolyte structure coated on at least one surface with a roughened interfacial nano-crystalline layer. Another aspect of the present invention is a solid oxide fuel cell which includes a positive air electrode, a negative fuel electrode, an electrolyte structure interposed between the positive air electrode and negative fuel electrode, and a roughened interfacial nano-crystalline layer interposed between the electrolyte structure and at least one of the positive air electrode and negative fuel electrode. The present invention also relates to methods of making the coated electrolyte and solid oxide fuel cell.
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles from thermally crystallizable glass compositions containing, by weight, about 40-85% SiO.sub.2 and 2.5-17% N as basic constituents and utilizing such modifiers as the alkali metals, the elements of Groups IIA and IIB of the Periodic Table, boron, and aluminum to obtain practical glass-forming compositions. In general, at N contents greater than about 3.5%, the predominant crystal phase developed in situ will customarily comprise "nitrogen mullite", silicon oxynitride (Si.sub.2 ON.sub.2), and/or .beta.'--Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 solid solution. The crystal phase which has been denominated in the literature as "nitrogen-mullite" has a lath-like morphology and, hence, is useful in reinforcing the crystalline body. Where the predominant crystal phase comprises a silicate, it is believed that nitrogen is present in some manner within the silicate crystal structure. The parent thermally crystallizable glasses appear to be self-nucleating, i.e., the addition of a conventional nucleating agent such as TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 is not required to cause crystallization in situ. It is postulated that N may function as a nucleating agent.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及从可热结晶的玻璃组合物中制备玻璃陶瓷制品,该玻璃组合物含有约40-85%的SiO 2和2.5-17%的N作为碱性组分,并且利用这种改性剂作为碱金属, 元素周期表IIA和IIB族,硼和铝,以获得实用的玻璃形成组合物。 通常,在大于约3.5%的N含量下,原位显影的主要结晶相通常包含“氮莫来石”,氮氧化硅(Si 2 ON 2)和/或β'-Si 3 N 4固溶体。 在文献中称为“氮 - 莫来石”的结晶相具有板条形态,因此可用于增强结晶体。 当主要结晶相包含硅酸盐时,认为氮以某种方式存在于硅酸盐晶体结构内。 母体热可结晶玻璃似乎是自成核的,即不需要加入常规的成核剂如TiO 2,ZrO 2或SnO 2以引起原位结晶。 假设N可以作为成核剂起作用。
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles from thermally crystallizable glass compositions containing, by weight, about 40-85% SiO.sub.2 and 2.5-17% N as basic constituents and utilizing such modifiers as the alkali metals, the elements of Groups IIA and IIB of the Periodic Table, boron, and aluminum to obtain practical glass-forming compositions. In general, at N contents greater than about 3.5%, the predominant crystal phase developed in situ will customarily comprise "nitrogen mullite," silicon oxynitride (Si.sub.2 ON.sub.2), and/or .beta.'-Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 solid solution. The crystal phase which has been denominated in the literature as "nitrogen-mullite" has a lath-like morphology and, hence, is useful in reinforcing the crystalline body. Where the predominant crystal phase comprises a silicate, it is believed that nitrogen is present in some manner within the silicate crystal structure. The parent thermally crystallizable glasses appear to be self-nucleating, i.e., the addition of a conventional nucleating agent such as TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 is not required to cause crystallization in situ. It is postulated that N may function as a nucleating agent.
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles from thermally crystallizable glass compositions containing, by weight, about 40-85% SiO.sub.2 and 2.5-17% N as basic constituents and utilizing such modifiers as the alkali metals, the elements of Groups IIA and IIB of the Periodic Table, boron, and aluminum to obtain practical glass-forming compositions. In general, at N contents greater than about 3.5%, the predominant crystal phase developed in situ will customarily comprise "nitrogen mullite", silicon oxynitride (Si.sub.2 ON.sub.2), and/or .beta.'-Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 solid solution. The crystal phase which has been denominated in the literature as "nitrogen-mullite" has a lath-like morphology and, hence, is useful in reinforcing the crystalline body. Where the predominant crystal phase comprises a silicate, it is believed that nitrogen is present in some manner within the silicate crystal structure. The parent thermally crystallizable glasses appear to be self-nucleating, i.e., the addition of a conventional nucleating agent such as TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 is not required to cause crystallization in situ. It is postulated that N may function as a nucleating agent.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及从可热结晶的玻璃组合物中制备玻璃陶瓷制品,该组合物含有约40-85%的SiO 2和2.5-17%的N作为碱性组分,并且利用这种改性剂作为碱金属, 元素周期表IIA和IIB族,硼和铝,以获得实用的玻璃形成组合物。 通常,在大于约3.5%的N含量下,原位显影的主要结晶相通常包含“氮莫来石”,氮氧化硅(Si 2 ON 2)和/或β'-Si 3 N 4固溶体。 在文献中称为“氮 - 莫来石”的结晶相具有板条形态,因此可用于增强结晶体。 当主要结晶相包含硅酸盐时,认为氮以某种方式存在于硅酸盐晶体结构内。 母体热可结晶玻璃似乎是自成核的,即不需要加入常规的成核剂如TiO 2,ZrO 2或SnO 2以引起原位结晶。 假设N可以作为成核剂起作用。
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles from thermally crystallizable glass compositions containing, by weight, about 40-85% SiO.sub.2 and 2.5-17% N as basic constituents and utilizing such modifiers as the alkali metals, the elements of Groups IIA and IIB of the Periodic Table, boron, and aluminum to obtain practical glass-forming compositions. In general, at N contents greater than about 3.5%, the predominant crystal phase developed in situ will customarily comprise "nitrogen mullite", silicon oxynitride (Si.sub.2 ON.sub.2), and/or .beta.'-Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 solid solution. The crystal phase which has been denominated in the literature as "nitrogen-mullite" has a lath-like morphology and, hence, is useful in reinforcing the crystalline body. Where the predominant crystal phase comprises a silicate, it is believed that nitrogen is present in some manner within the silicate crystal structure. The parent thermally crystallizable glasses appear to be self-nucleating, i.e., the addition of a conventional nucleating agent such as TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 is not required to cause crystallization in situ. It is postulated that N may function as a nucleating agent.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及从可热结晶的玻璃组合物中制备玻璃陶瓷制品,该组合物含有约40-85%的SiO 2和2.5-17%的N作为碱性组分,并且利用这种改性剂作为碱金属, 元素周期表IIA和IIB族,硼和铝,以获得实用的玻璃形成组合物。 通常,在大于约3.5%的N含量下,原位显影的主要结晶相通常包含“氮莫来石”,氮氧化硅(Si 2 ON 2)和/或β'-Si 3 N 4固溶体。 在文献中称为“氮 - 莫来石”的结晶相具有板条形态,因此可用于增强结晶体。 当主要结晶相包含硅酸盐时,认为氮以某种方式存在于硅酸盐晶体结构内。 母体热可结晶玻璃似乎是自成核的,即不需要加入常规的成核剂如TiO 2,ZrO 2或SnO 2以引起原位结晶。 假设N可以作为成核剂起作用。
摘要:
The instant invention is directed to the production of glass-ceramic articles from thermally crystallizable glass compositions containing, by weight, about 40-85% SiO.sub.2 and 2.5-17% N as basic constituents and utilizing such modifiers as the alkali metals, the elements of Groups IIA and IIB of the Periodic Table, boron, and aluminum to obtain practical glass-forming compositions. In general, at N contents greater than about 3.5%, the predominant crystal phase developed in situ will customarily comprise "nitrogen mullite", silicon oxynitride (Si.sub.2 ON.sub.2), and/or .beta.'-Si.sub.3 N.sub.4 solid solution. The crystal phase which has been denominated in the literature as "nitrogen-mullite" has a lath-like morphology and, hence, is useful in reinforcing the crystalline body. Where the predominant crystal phase comprises a silicate, it is believed that nitrogen is present in some manner within the silicate crystal structure. The parent thermally crystallizable glasses appear to be self-nucleating, i.e., the addition of a conventional nucleating agent such as TiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2, or SnO.sub.2 is not required to cause crystallization in situ. It is postulated that N may function as a nucleating agent.
摘要翻译:本发明涉及从可热结晶的玻璃组合物中制备玻璃陶瓷制品,该组合物含有约40-85%的SiO 2和2.5-17%的N作为碱性组分,并且利用这种改性剂作为碱金属, 元素周期表IIA和IIB族,硼和铝,以获得实用的玻璃形成组合物。 通常,在大于约3.5%的N含量下,原位显影的主要结晶相通常包含“氮莫来石”,氮氧化硅(Si 2 ON 2)和/或β'-Si 3 N 4固溶体。 在文献中称为“氮 - 莫来石”的结晶相具有板条形态,因此可用于增强结晶体。 当主要结晶相包含硅酸盐时,认为氮以某种方式存在于硅酸盐晶体结构内。 母体热可结晶玻璃似乎是自成核的,即不需要加入常规的成核剂如TiO 2,ZrO 2或SnO 2以引起原位结晶。 假设N可以作为成核剂起作用。