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1.发明授权Recovery of TiO.sub.2 from ilmenite-type ore by a membrane based electrodialysis process 失效通过基于膜的电渗析方法从钛铁矿型矿石回收TiO {HD 2 {B
公开(公告)号：US4107264A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US851221
申请日：1977-11-14
IPC分类号： B01D61/44 , C01G23/053 , C22B34/12 , C01G23/04
CPC分类号： C01G23/053 , B01D61/445 , C22B34/1245 , C22B34/1259 , Y02P10/212
摘要： An improved process is described for recovering TiO.sub.2, useful as a white pigment, from ilmenite-type ores, including the steps of digesting the ore with aqueous hydrofluroic acid, separating out iron impurities from the resulting solution, precipitating hydrated titanium dioxide from the iron-free solution with ammonium hydroxide, and calcining the precipitate to obtain pigmentary TiO.sub.2, wherein the improvement comprises subjecting aqueous solutions of by-product ammonium fluoride, formed in the process, to electrodialytic water-splitting to form an aqueous solution of ammonium hydroxide and an aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride and recycling said aqueous ammonium hydroxide to the precipitation step and said aqueous hydrogen fluoride to the digestion step.
摘要翻译： 描述了从钛铁矿型矿石中回收可用作白色颜料的TiO 2的改进方法，包括用含水氢氟酸水解矿石的步骤，从所得溶液中分离出铁杂质，从铁 - 用氢氧化铵处理游离溶液，煅烧沉淀物得到颜料TiO2，其中改进包括将本方法中形成的副产物氟化铵水溶液进行电渗析水分解，形成氢氧化铵水溶液和水溶液 氟化氢溶液，并将所述氢氧化铵水溶液再循环至沉淀步骤和所述氟化氢水溶液至消化步骤。
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2.发明授权Recovery of TiO.sub.2 from ilmenite-type ore using an organophosphoric acid extractant for impurity iron removal 失效使用有机磷酸萃取剂从钛铁矿型矿石中回收TiO {HD 2 {B，用于杂质除铁
公开(公告)号：US4168297A
公开(公告)日：1979-09-18
申请号：US967818
申请日：1978-12-08
CPC分类号： C01G49/0009 , C22B3/0068 , C22B3/0087 , C22B34/1245 , C22B34/1259 , Y02P10/234
摘要： An improved process is described for producing titanium dioxide from ilmenite-type ore. The ore is digested with aqueous hydrogen fluoride, the resulting liquid mixture treated with a water-soluble oxidizing agent, and the ferric iron impurities, in the resulting digestion solution, at a pH between about 1.0 and 6.0, are extracted out with a mono-or dialkyl, or mono- or di-(alkylphenyl) orthophosphoric acid, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) orthophosphoric acid. The remaining solution is treated with ammonium hydroxide to precipitate hydrated titanium dioxide which is then calcined to form pigmentary titanium dioxide. Alkali metal and ammonium salts of the organophosphoric acid are also useful in the process.
摘要翻译： 描述了从钛铁矿型矿石生产二氧化钛的改进方法。 矿石用氟化氢水溶液消化，所得到的液体混合物用水溶性氧化剂处理，得到的消解溶液中的三价铁杂质在约1.0至6.0之间的pH下， 或二烷基，或单 - 或二 - （烷基苯基）正磷酸，例如二（2-乙基己基）正磷酸。 剩余的溶液用氢氧化铵处理以沉淀水合二氧化钛，然后煅烧以形成颜料二氧化钛。 有机磷酸的碱金属和铵盐也可用于该方法中。
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公开(公告)号：US4082835A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-04
申请号：US590777
申请日：1975-06-27
IPC分类号： B01D53/50 , B01D53/77 , B01D61/44 , B01D61/50 , B01D61/54 , C01B17/60 , C02F1/469 , C01B17/00 , B01K5/00 , C01B17/22 , C01B17/48
CPC分类号： B01D53/501
摘要： Sulfur dioxide is separated from an aqueous solution containing the same by subjecting the stream to electrodialytic water splitting. In particular a novel method for removing SO.sub.2 from dilute gas streams by means of alkaline solution scrubbing, regeneration of the scrubbing solution and liberation of concentrated SO.sub.2 effected by means of a two-compartment membrane water splitter is provided. Optionally, waste sulfate produced in the process may be converted to sulfuric acid in a separate membrane water splitter or otherwise processed by conventional means.
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4.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4144158A
公开(公告)日：1979-03-13
申请号：US851234
申请日：1977-11-14
CPC分类号： B01D61/44 , C01B33/184 , C01B7/193 , C01B7/195
摘要： An improved process is described for converting aqueous fluosilicic acid waste product into anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and finely divided silica in which aqueous fluosilicic acid is pyrolyzed to produce silica and a dilute aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride and fluosilic acid. The resulting dilute solution is subjected to electrodialysis, thereby obtaining a hydrogen fluoride concentration greater than that which characterizes the boiling point ridge which divides the phase diagram of the system hydrogen fluoride/fluosilicic acid/water, i.e. HF/H.sub.2 SiF.sub.6 /H.sub.2 O, into two regions. Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is recovered from the resulting composition by distillation.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种改进的方法，用于将氟硅酸废物转化为无水氟化氢和热分解氟化硅酸的细碎二氧化硅，生成二氧化硅和氟化氢和氟硅酸的稀释水溶液。 对所得稀溶液进行电渗析，从而获得比将系统氟化氢/氟硅酸/水（即HF / H 2 SiF 6 / H 2 O）系统的相图划分为两个区域的沸点脊特征的氟化氢浓度 。 通过蒸馏从所得组合物中回收无水氟化氢。
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公开(公告)号：US4107015A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-15
申请号：US816566
申请日：1977-07-18
CPC分类号： B01D53/501 , B01D61/445
摘要： Removal of sulfur dioxide from an aqueous solution containing the same is effected by subjecting the solution to electrodialytic water splitting. In particular SO.sub.2 is removed from dilute gas streams by means of alkaline solution scrubbing, regeneration of the scrubbing solution and liberation of concentrated SO.sub.2 by means of a membrane water splitter. Waste sulfate produced in the process may be converted to sulfuric acid in a separate membrane water splitter or otherwise processed by conventional means.
摘要翻译： 通过使溶液进行电渗析水分离，从含有该二氧化硫的水溶液中除去二氧化硫。 特别地，通过碱性溶液洗涤，洗涤溶液的再生和通过膜分水器释放浓缩的SO 2从稀气流中除去SO 2。 在该方法中生产的废硫酸盐可以在单独的膜分水器中转化为硫酸，或以常规方式进行处理。
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6.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4355116A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-19
申请号：US220568
申请日：1980-12-29
申请人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
IPC分类号： C08F8/32
CPC分类号： C08F8/32 , C08F2800/20 , C08F2810/20
摘要： Stable single film bipolar membranes of prolonged life and improved performance particularly for use in electrodialysis water splitting process, are prepared by introducing a more stable interface in the membrane structure. After the cationic exchange groups are preformed on an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymeric matrix, the dissociable anionic exchange groups may be introduced more intimately chemically bonded in position by using multi-functional compounds containing mixed tertiary, secondary and primary amine groups, so that the resulting interface is comparatively more stable, and is less likely to be neutralized, therefore, attaining longer life-time and a higher level of performance.
摘要翻译： 通过在膜结构中引入更稳定的界面来制备长寿命稳定的单膜双极膜，特别是用于电渗析水分离过程的改进性能。 在阳离子交换基团在不溶性交联的芳族聚合物基质上预成型之后，可以通过使用含有混合的叔胺，仲胺和伯胺基团的多官能化合物，将可离解的阴离子交换基团引入更紧密地化学键合，使得 所得到的界面比较稳定，并且不太可能被中和，因此获得更长的使用寿命和更高的性能水平。
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公开(公告)号：US4116889A
公开(公告)日：1978-09-26
申请号：US715765
申请日：1976-08-19
IPC分类号： C08J7/04 , B01D61/44 , B01D61/46 , B01D71/28 , B01D71/82 , B01J47/12 , C01B7/03 , C01D1/04 , C08J5/22 , C08J5/24 , C25D21/22
CPC分类号： C01D1/04 , B01J47/12 , C01B7/035 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2327/04 , C08J2327/12 , Y10T428/3154 , Y10T428/31928 , Y10T428/31935
摘要： Stable bipolar membranes of high permselectivity and low potential drop are prepared using either an anion or cation preformed first layer upon which a second layer or coating of an ion exchange resin of the opposite charge carried in a matrix polymer is applied. The second layer may be suitably applied such as by casting as a slurry of the ion exchange resin in a solution or by laminating a layer comprising a dispersion of the resin in a solid or fused polymer. Optionally, the surface of the first layer may be treated to increase the resin concentration and/or bonding at the interface, such as by sanding, etching, etc.
摘要翻译： 具有高选择性和低电位降的稳定的双极膜使用阴离子或阳离子预制的第一层来制备，其上施加相反电荷的载体的离子交换树脂的第二层或涂层在基质聚合物中。 可以适当地施加第二层，例如通过作为离子交换树脂的浆料浇铸在溶液中或通过将包含树脂的分散体的层层压在固体或熔融聚合物中。 任选地，可以处理第一层的表面以增加界面处的树脂浓度和/或粘合，例如通过砂磨，蚀刻等。
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公开(公告)号：US4024043A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-17
申请号：US645848
申请日：1975-12-31
申请人： Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Gerald J. Dege , Kang-Jen Liu
CPC分类号： C08J5/2243 , C08J5/2287 , C08J2353/02
摘要： Novel single film bipolar membranes, of substantially improved efficiency and durability, i.e. having an ion selectivity above 80% in an electrolyte medium of about one mole, are prepared from pre-swollen films containing a relatively high amount, i.e. at least 15% of an insoluble cross-linked aromatic polymer. Under controlled conditions, high dissociable cationic-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the aromatic nuclei to a desired depth of the film from one side only; subsequently, highly dissociable anion-exchange groups are chemically bonded to the unreacted aromatic nuclei on the other side of the film. The functionalized, densely structured single film ion exchange membrane undergoes negligible degradation, is blister free, and is uniquely suited for electrodialysis particularly water-splitting operations due to its low electrical resistance and low salt leakage. The membrane operates with improved current efficiencies at both high electrolyte concentrations and high current densities, for time periods not previously achievable.
摘要翻译： 在约1摩尔的电解质介质中具有大于80％离子选择性的新型单膜双极膜由含有较高量的预溶胀薄膜制备，即至少15％的 不溶性交联芳族聚合物。 在受控条件下，高离解性阳离子交换基团仅从一侧化学键合到芳族核到膜的所需深度; 随后，高度可离解的阴离子交换基团与膜的另一侧化学键合到未反应的芳香核上。 功能化，密集结构的单膜离子交换膜经历可忽略的降解，不起泡，并且由于其低电阻和低盐泄漏而特别适用于电渗析，特别是水分解操作。 在高电解质浓度和高电流密度下，膜在以前不能实现的时间段内以改善的电流效率运行。
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公开(公告)号：US3948823A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-06
申请号：US276993
申请日：1972-08-01
申请人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
发明人： Lester T. C. Lee , Kang-Jen Liu
摘要： Novel cross-linked interpolymer membranes of substantially improved efficiency and durability are prepared from a co-mixture of a hydrophilic polymer of [1, .omega.-alkylene(2,6-diketopiperazine)-1,4-dicarboxamide] and a hydrophobic polymer such as polyvinylidene fluoride, by dissolving these polymers in a suitable solvent, forming films of suitable thickness from the solution and thereafter preferably crosslinking the dissolved mixture.
摘要翻译： 由[1，ω-亚烷基（2,6-二酮哌嗪）-1,4-二甲酰胺]的亲水性聚合物与疏水性聚合物的共混混合物制备了具有显着提高的效率和耐久性的新型交联互聚物膜， 通过将这些聚合物溶解在合适的溶剂中，从溶液中形成适当厚度的膜，然后优选将溶解的混合物交联。
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公开(公告)号：US4584246A
公开(公告)日：1986-04-22
申请号：US554792
申请日：1983-11-23
申请人： Kang-Jen Liu , Ho-Lun Lee
发明人： Kang-Jen Liu , Ho-Lun Lee
CPC分类号： B32B27/30 , B01D61/445 , C08J5/2275 , C08J2327/06 , Y10T428/31928 , Y10T428/31935
摘要： An improved bipolar membrane, a precursor for said membrane and a process for preparing bipolar membranes and precursors are described. In the process a precursor is formed by laminating at least two polymeric layers at least one of which is non-ionic. After the formation of the precursor, the non-ionic layer or layers are chemically treated to form a stable bipolar membrane having high permselectivity and low potential drop. The novel bipolar membrane contains an interfacial layer having anionic and cationic domains.
摘要翻译： 描述了改进的双极膜，所述膜的前体和制备双极性膜和前体的方法。 在该方法中，通过层压至少两个聚合物层而形成前体，其中至少一个是非离子的。 在形成前体之后，非离子层被化学处理以形成具有高选择性和低电位降的稳定双极膜。 新型双极膜包含具有阴离子和阳离子结构域的界面层。
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