Abstract:
Various examples provide a method of making a hydrophobic surface for an object. According to the method, a hydrophobic coating may be applied to an original surface of the object. A microstructure may be formed on the original surface of the object. The hydrophobic surface of the object may be obtained with the microstructure submerged by the hydrophobic coating. The microstructure may be a rough structure including micro-sired portions, and may have greater hardness than the hydrophobic coating.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid resistant calcium carbonate are provided. This acid resistant calcium carbonate comprises a mixture of at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent of an aluminum salt, based on the dry weight of calcium carbonate, and calcium carbonate. Preferred aluminum salts are aluminum sulfate, aluminum chloride, and polyaluminum chloride.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid tolerant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid tolerant calcium carbonate are provided. This acid tolerant calcium carbonate comprises a mixture of calcium carbonate with at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of sodium aluminate together with at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of one or more weak acids.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid resistant calcium carbonate are provided. This acid resistant calcium carbonate comprises a mixture of at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of sodium carbonate, together with at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a mixture of weak acids in admixture with the calcium carbonate.
Abstract:
The present invention is related to a liquid crystal display element and driving method therefor, particularly to a high image rate supertwisted nematic liquid crystal display elements and driving method therefor. By means of a newly introduced crystal formula, a reduced spacing distance between the first and second substrates, an enlarged pretilt angle of alignment layer, and an accelerated frame rate (frame rate: the number of frames displayed per second) of the driving signal, high response rate display is obtained, and thus image retention and flicker are not showed in the liquid crystal display element, so as to display the dynamic image with the effect of high image quality and fast response time.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid resistant calcium carbonate is provided. This acid resistant calcium carbonate comprises a mixture of at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a weak base together with at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a weak acid.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid-resistant calcium carbonate is provided. This acid-resistant calcium carbonate comprises calcium carbonate in admixture with at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a cationic salt, together with at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of an anionic salt.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid-resistant calcium carbonate is provided. This acid-resistant calcium carbonate comprises calcium carbonate in admixture with at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a cationic salt, together with at least about 0.5 to about 10 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of an anionic salt.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acidic paper, and a process for producing this acid-resistant calcium carbonate is provided. This acid-resistant calcium carbonate composition comprises calcium carbonate and at least about 0.1% to about 25% based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of sodium silicate, together with at least 0.1% to about 25 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a weak acid, such as phosphoric acid, formic acid, fluoroboric acid, polyacrylic acid, or alum, or a mixture of weak acids, such as phosphoric acid and polyacrylic acid.
Abstract:
An improved form of calcium carbonate which is acid resistant to enable its use as a filler material in the making of neutral to weakly acid paper, and a process for producing this acid resistant calcium carbonate are provided. This acid resistant calcium carbonate comprises a mixture of at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of an aluminum or magnesium hydroxide, together with at least about 0.1 percent, based on the dry weight of the calcium carbonate, of a mixture of weak acids.