公开(公告)号：US06556016B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09927818

申请日：2001-08-10

申请人： Li Gao ,  Luis SanMartin ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Li Gao ,  Luis SanMartin ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： G01V328

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： A method is disclosed for the determination of the dip angle of anisotropic earth formations surrounding a wellbore. Electromagnetic couplings among a plural of triad transmitters and triad receivers are measured. Each triad transmitter/receiver consists of coil windings in three mutually orthogonal axes. The transmitter coils and receiver coils are oriented such that mutually symmetrical transmitter pairs or mutually symmetrical receiver pairs are equidistant from a centrally located receiver or transmitter, respectively. The measured signals from the created couplings are used to generate initial separate estimates of the dip angle of the formation. The two discrete determination is of dip angle are then averaged to arrive at a more accurate estimate that approaches the true dip angle in the formation.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定围绕井眼的各向异性地层的倾角的方法。 测量多个三端发射器和三电平接收器之间的电磁耦合。 每个三元组发送器/接收器由三个相互正交的轴线圈绕组组成。 发射器线圈和接收器线圈被定向成使得相互对称的发射器对或相互对称的接收器对分别与位于中心的接收器或发射器等距。 来自所产生的联轴器的测量信号用于产生地层倾角的初始分离估计。 然后将两个离散的倾角测量值进行平均，得到接近地层中真正倾角的更准确的估计。

公开(公告)号：US06727706B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-27

申请号：US09925997

申请日：2001-08-09

申请人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： G01V318

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： A method is disclosed for using a triad induction tool to identify the formation strike and dip angles. The method can be performed in real time. In one embodiment, the method includes: (1) measuring a magnetic coupling between transmitter coils and receiver coils of a tool in the borehole; (2) obtaining from the measured coupling a strike angle between the tool and the formation; (3) applying a rotational transformation to the coupling measurements to correct for the strike angle; and (4) applying a predetermined set of rotational transformations to the coupling to determine coupling term values as a function of rotation angle. A least-squares curve fit or a Hough transform of the derivative of the coupling term values with respect to position may be used to identify the dip angle.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用三元组感应工具来识别地层撞击和倾角的方法。 该方法可以实时执行。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：（1）测量钻孔中工具的发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的磁耦合; （2）从测量的耦合获得工具与地层之间的冲击角; （3）将旋转变换应用于耦合测量以校正冲击角; 以及（4）将预定的一组旋转变换应用于所述耦合以确定作为旋转角度的函数的耦合项值。 可以使用最小二乘法曲线拟合或耦合项值的相对于位置的导数的霍夫变换来识别倾角。

公开(公告)号：US06393364B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-21

申请号：US09583184

申请日：2000-05-30

申请人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： G01V140

CPC分类号： G01V3/38 ,  E21B47/026 ,  G01V3/28

摘要： A method is disclosed for the determination of horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity, dip and strike angles of anisotropic earth formations surrounding a wellbore. Electromagnetic couplings among a plural of triad transmitters and triad receivers are measured. Each triad transmitter/receiver consists of coil windings in three mutually orthogonal axes. These measured signals are used to generate initial estimates of the dip angle and strike angle of the formation as well as the anisotropy coefficient and the horizontal resistivity of the formation. An iterative algorithm is then applied using these quantities to finally arrive at more accurate estimates that approach the true values in the formation.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定围绕井筒的各向异性地层的水平电阻率，垂直电阻率，倾角和撞击角的方法。 测量多个三端发射器和三电平接收器之间的电磁耦合。 每个三元组发送器/接收器由三个相互正交的轴线圈绕组组成。 这些测量信号用于产生地层的倾角和撞击角以及地层的各向异性系数和水平电阻率的初始估计。 然后使用这些量来应用迭代算法，以最终得到接近地层中真实值的更准确的估计。

公开(公告)号：US06819112B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：US10068346

申请日：2002-02-05

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01V328

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： There is disclosed herein a method of enhancing the vertical resolution of an induction tool, in a manner that may advantageously also reduce undesirable borehole and “negative resistivity” effects. In one embodiment, the method comprises: a) obtaining a vertical magnetic dipole (VMD) response signal from a transmitter-receiver array of antenna elements having magnetic dipoles oriented parallel to a tool axis; b) obtaining a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) response signal from a transmitter-receiver array of elements having magnetic dipoles oriented perpendicular to the tool axis; and c) combining the VMD and HMD response signals to obtain a combination response signal. When the relative weights of the VMD and HMD response signals are set as described herein, the combination response signal (and any log calculated therefrom) has a narrow, substantially rectilinear, vertical measurement profile. Further, the combination response signal is relatively insensitive to borehole effects.

摘要翻译： 这里公开了以有利地还可以减少不期望的钻孔和“负电阻率”效应的方式增强感应工具的垂直分辨率的方法。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：a）从具有平行于刀具轴线定向的磁偶极子的天线元件的发射器 - 接收器阵列获得垂直磁偶极子（VMD）响应信号; b）从具有垂直于工具轴线定向的磁偶极子的元件的发射器 - 接收器阵列获得水平磁偶极子（HMD）响应信号; 以及c）组合VMD和HMD响应信号以获得组合响应信号。 当如本文所述设置VMD和HMD响应信号的相对权重时，组合响应信号（以及从其计算的任何对数）具有窄的基本直线的垂直测量轮廓。 此外，组合响应信号对钻孔效应相对不敏感。

公开(公告)号：US06765386B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10119891

申请日：2002-04-10

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01V320

CPC分类号： G01V3/20

摘要： A logging tool is disclosed for measuring the resistive anisotropy of formations around a borehole. The logging tool includes a set of electrodes that contact a wall of the borehole. The set of electrodes includes a first pair of current electrodes spaced apart vertically, and a second pair of current electrodes spaced apart horizontally. Between the first and second pair of current electrodes are two or more measurement electrodes that measure a vertical axis voltage difference and a horizontal axis voltage difference caused by currents flowing between the pairs of current electrodes. A resistive anisotropy can be calculated from the measured voltage differences. A third pair of current electrodes oriented perpendicularly with respect to the first and second pair of current electrodes may be provided with corresponding measurement electrodes if it is desired to measure the biaxial resistive anisotropy of the formation.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量钻孔周围的地层的电阻各向异性的测井工具。 测井工具包括一组接触钻孔壁的电极。 该组电极包括垂直间隔开的第一对电流电极和水平间隔开的第二对电流电极。 在第一和第二对电流电极之间是两个或更多个测量电极，其测量垂直轴电压差和由在电流对电流之间流动的电流引起的水平轴电压差。 可以根据测量的电压差计算电阻各向异性。 如果需要测量地层的双轴电阻各向异性，则相对于第一和第二对电流电极垂直定向的第三对电流电极可以设置有对应的测量电极。

公开(公告)号：US5191290A

公开(公告)日：1993-03-02

申请号：US604302

申请日：1990-10-29

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Roland E. Chemali

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Roland E. Chemali

IPC分类号： G01V3/20

CPC分类号： G01V3/20

摘要： A logging apparatus for measurement of earth formation resistivity is disclosed. The apparatus includes an elongated sonde having an insulated section and an electrically isolated conductive pad mounted for lateral extension into contact with a borehole wall. The electrically isolated conductive pad includes a plurality of current electrodes disposed longitudinally along the pad and a return electrode disposed on the reverse face thereof. A focussing section is utilized to provide varying depths of investigation by electrode current to preferably permit measurement of earth formation resistivity in the mudcake, flush zone, and uninvaded formation. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conductive pad includes a pair of hingeably mounted sections which permit the apparatus to accommodate varying radii of curvature of boreholes.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量地层电阻率的测井装置。 该装置包括具有绝缘部分的细长探空器和安装用于横向延伸以与钻孔壁接触的电隔离导电垫。 电绝缘导电焊盘包括沿焊盘纵向设置的多个电流电极和设置在其反面上的返回电极。 利用聚焦部分通过电极电流提供不同的调查深度，以优选地允许测量泥饼，冲洗区和非浸入式地层中的地层电阻率。 在本发明的优选实施例中，导电垫包括一对可铰接地安装的部分，其允许该装置适应钻孔的变化的曲率半径。

公开(公告)号：US5453693A

公开(公告)日：1995-09-26

申请号：US131077

申请日：1993-10-01

申请人： Paul L. Sinclair ,  Shey-Min Su ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Paul L. Sinclair ,  Shey-Min Su ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： E21B49/08 ,  G01N22/00 ,  G01N22/04 ,  G01V3/30 ,  G01V3/18 ,  H01Q13/00

CPC分类号： G01V3/30

摘要： An improved system for measuring dielectric properties of fluids in an oil well, utilizing the well casing as a waveguide for certain electromagnetic signals. A production logging tool in accordance with the invention includes a cylindrical mandrel sheathed by a housing. Transmitting and receiving coils are contained in annular grooves defined in the mandrel. In operation, the tool is suspended by a wireline logging cable within the casing of a producing well. The transmitting coils generate magnetic fields and azimuthal electric fields, which induce voltages in the receiving coils. These voltages are affected by the dielectric properties of fluids in the casing, and the voltages may be interpreted to determine dielectric properties such as water resistivity, dielectric permittivity, water hold-up, water cut, and water salinity. Due to specifically sized longitudinal mini-waveguides defined in annular regions about the circumference of the housing, the magnetic and azimuthal electric fields resulting from the transmitting coil may be sensed by the receiving coils, but the voltage-induced electric fields created by the transmitting coil are prevented from interfering with the receiving coils. Accuracy of the invention may be enhanced by using a second transmitting coil, by spacing the coils according to specific guidelines, by operating the transmitting coils between lower-cutoff and upper-cutoff frequencies, and by using fluid mixers.

摘要翻译： 一种用于测量油井中流体介电性质的改进系统，利用井套管作为某些电磁信号的波导。 根据本发明的生产测井工具包括由壳体覆盖的圆柱形心轴。 发射和接收线圈包含在限定在心轴中的环形槽中。 在操作中，工具由生产井壳体内的电缆测井电缆悬挂。 发射线圈产生磁场和方位角电场，其感应接收线圈中的电压。 这些电压受壳体中流体的介电性质的影响，并且可以解释电压以确定介电性质，例如水电阻率，介电常数，保水性，断水和水盐度。 由于围绕壳体的圆周限定在环形区域中的特定尺寸的纵向微波导，由发射线圈产生的磁场和方位角电场可以由接收线圈感测到，而是由发射线圈产生的电压感应电场 被阻止与接收线圈干涉。 通过使用第二发射线圈，通过在较低截止频率和上限截止频率之间操作发射线圈，以及通过使用流体混合器，可以通过使用根据具体指导来间隔线圈来增强本发明的精度。

公开(公告)号：US06958610B2

公开(公告)日：2005-10-25

申请号：US10173528

申请日：2002-06-17

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/28 ,  G01V3/18 ,  G01V3/08

CPC分类号： E21B49/00 ,  G01V3/28

摘要： A logging tool is disclosed having transmitting and receiving antennas to measure formation anisotropy. The antennas may preferably be combinations of toroidal, horizontal electric dipole, and horizontal magnetic dipole antennas. In one embodiment, the tool: (a) induces a current flow in the tubing or drill string traversing the formation in a borehole; (b) measures a signal difference between two receiver antennas on the drill string; (c) determines an apparent conductivity of the formation from the resistive component of the signal difference; and (d) uses the apparent conductivity to calculate an anisotropy coefficient with a knowledge of the horizontal conductivity. The tool may further determine a second apparent conductivity of the formation from the reactive component of the signal difference, and use both apparent conductivities to calculate the anisotropy coefficient and the horizontal conductivity. The vertical conductivity can also be determined from these two calculated values in the usual manner.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种具有发射和接收天线以测量地层各向异性的测井工具。 天线可以优选地是环形水平电偶极子和水平磁偶极天线的组合。 在一个实施例中，该工具：（a）在穿过钻孔中的地层的管道或钻柱中引起电流; （b）测量钻柱上的两个接收天线之间的信号差; （c）从所述电阻分量确定所述地层的表观电导率信号差; 和（d）使用表观电导率来计算各向异性系数，知道水平电导率。 该工具还可以从信号差的反应分量进一步确定地层的第二表观电导率，并且使用表观电导率来计算各向异性系数和水平电导率。 垂直电导率也可以通过这两个计算值以通常的方式确定。

公开(公告)号：US5045795A

公开(公告)日：1991-09-03

申请号：US550842

申请日：1990-07-10

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Paul Sinclair ,  Roland E. Chemali ,  Shey-Min Su

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Paul Sinclair ,  Roland E. Chemali ,  Shey-Min Su

IPC分类号： G01V3/28

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： A coil array which is installed on a MWD drill collar for use in a resistivity logging system. The drill collar is provided with upper and lower coil support rings. These are toroids which support individual coil segments, and are connected by suitable magnetic shorting bars. The coil segments and shorting bars inscribe a specified solid angle or azimuthal extent. By connecting the outputs of the several coils through a combining circuit, the coils on a single coil form can be connected in series additive, or subtractive relationship. Through the use of two such coil forms with aligned coils on each, an azimuthally oriented window is thereby defined. By proper switching multiple azimuthally oriented windows can be made operative so that there is an azimuthal orientation to the current flow pattern relative to the MWD resistivity logging tool.

公开(公告)号：US5506769A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-09

申请号：US284920

申请日：1994-08-02

申请人： Chu-Chiu Fu ,  Stanley C. Gianzero ,  David O. Torres

发明人： Chu-Chiu Fu ,  Stanley C. Gianzero ,  David O. Torres

IPC分类号： G01V5/04 ,  G01V5/10 ,  G06F167/00

CPC分类号： G01V5/045 ,  G01V5/10

摘要： A method for enhancing the vertical resolution of a nuclear well logging tool is set forth. A detector of nuclear radiation is moved along a well borehole to produce measurement data r(z) as a function of depth in the borehole. The data r(z) and a system response function g(z) are transformed into spatial frequency domain (f) counterparts of r(z) and g(z), the counterparts being R(f) and G(f). A window W(f) in the spatial frequency domain based on the function R(f) is defined. That smoothly eliminates the high frequency noise. A new profile function P(f) is obtained by dividing the filtered R(f) by the function G(f) to deconvolve R(f). The inverse Fourier transform of P(f) yields a vertically enhanced profile p(z) in the depth domain.

摘要翻译： 阐述了提高核测井工具垂直分辨率的方法。 核辐射探测器沿钻井移动，以产生作为钻孔深度的函数的测量数据r（z）。 数据r（z）和系统响应函数g（z）被转换为r（z）和g（z）的空间频域（f）对应物，对应物为R（f）和G（f）。 定义基于函数R（f）的空间频域中的窗口W（f）。 顺利地消除了高频噪声。 通过将滤波的R（f）除以函数G（f）到解卷积R（f）来获得新的轮廓函数P（f）。 P（f）的傅立叶逆变换在深度域中产生垂直增强的轮廓p（z）。