公开(公告)号：US06556016B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-29

申请号：US09927818

申请日：2001-08-10

申请人： Li Gao ,  Luis SanMartin ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Li Gao ,  Luis SanMartin ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： G01V328

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： A method is disclosed for the determination of the dip angle of anisotropic earth formations surrounding a wellbore. Electromagnetic couplings among a plural of triad transmitters and triad receivers are measured. Each triad transmitter/receiver consists of coil windings in three mutually orthogonal axes. The transmitter coils and receiver coils are oriented such that mutually symmetrical transmitter pairs or mutually symmetrical receiver pairs are equidistant from a centrally located receiver or transmitter, respectively. The measured signals from the created couplings are used to generate initial separate estimates of the dip angle of the formation. The two discrete determination is of dip angle are then averaged to arrive at a more accurate estimate that approaches the true dip angle in the formation.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于确定围绕井眼的各向异性地层的倾角的方法。 测量多个三端发射器和三电平接收器之间的电磁耦合。 每个三元组发送器/接收器由三个相互正交的轴线圈绕组组成。 发射器线圈和接收器线圈被定向成使得相互对称的发射器对或相互对称的接收器对分别与位于中心的接收器或发射器等距。 来自所产生的联轴器的测量信号用于产生地层倾角的初始分离估计。 然后将两个离散的倾角测量值进行平均，得到接近地层中真正倾角的更准确的估计。

公开(公告)号：US06727706B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-27

申请号：US09925997

申请日：2001-08-09

申请人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： G01V318

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： A method is disclosed for using a triad induction tool to identify the formation strike and dip angles. The method can be performed in real time. In one embodiment, the method includes: (1) measuring a magnetic coupling between transmitter coils and receiver coils of a tool in the borehole; (2) obtaining from the measured coupling a strike angle between the tool and the formation; (3) applying a rotational transformation to the coupling measurements to correct for the strike angle; and (4) applying a predetermined set of rotational transformations to the coupling to determine coupling term values as a function of rotation angle. A least-squares curve fit or a Hough transform of the derivative of the coupling term values with respect to position may be used to identify the dip angle.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种使用三元组感应工具来识别地层撞击和倾角的方法。 该方法可以实时执行。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：（1）测量钻孔中工具的发射器线圈和接收器线圈之间的磁耦合; （2）从测量的耦合获得工具与地层之间的冲击角; （3）将旋转变换应用于耦合测量以校正冲击角; 以及（4）将预定的一组旋转变换应用于所述耦合以确定作为旋转角度的函数的耦合项值。 可以使用最小二乘法曲线拟合或耦合项值的相对于位置的导数的霍夫变换来识别倾角。

公开(公告)号：US06393364B1

公开(公告)日：2002-05-21

申请号：US09583184

申请日：2000-05-30

申请人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

发明人： Li Gao ,  Stanley C. Gianzero

IPC分类号： G01V140

CPC分类号： G01V3/38 ,  E21B47/026 ,  G01V3/28

摘要： A method is disclosed for the determination of horizontal resistivity, vertical resistivity, dip and strike angles of anisotropic earth formations surrounding a wellbore. Electromagnetic couplings among a plural of triad transmitters and triad receivers are measured. Each triad transmitter/receiver consists of coil windings in three mutually orthogonal axes. These measured signals are used to generate initial estimates of the dip angle and strike angle of the formation as well as the anisotropy coefficient and the horizontal resistivity of the formation. An iterative algorithm is then applied using these quantities to finally arrive at more accurate estimates that approach the true values in the formation.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于确定围绕井筒的各向异性地层的水平电阻率，垂直电阻率，倾角和撞击角的方法。 测量多个三端发射器和三电平接收器之间的电磁耦合。 每个三元组发送器/接收器由三个相互正交的轴线圈绕组组成。 这些测量信号用于产生地层的倾角和撞击角以及地层的各向异性系数和水平电阻率的初始估计。 然后使用这些量来应用迭代算法，以最终得到接近地层中真实值的更准确的估计。

公开(公告)号：US06819112B2

公开(公告)日：2004-11-16

申请号：US10068346

申请日：2002-02-05

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01V328

CPC分类号： G01V3/28

摘要： There is disclosed herein a method of enhancing the vertical resolution of an induction tool, in a manner that may advantageously also reduce undesirable borehole and “negative resistivity” effects. In one embodiment, the method comprises: a) obtaining a vertical magnetic dipole (VMD) response signal from a transmitter-receiver array of antenna elements having magnetic dipoles oriented parallel to a tool axis; b) obtaining a horizontal magnetic dipole (HMD) response signal from a transmitter-receiver array of elements having magnetic dipoles oriented perpendicular to the tool axis; and c) combining the VMD and HMD response signals to obtain a combination response signal. When the relative weights of the VMD and HMD response signals are set as described herein, the combination response signal (and any log calculated therefrom) has a narrow, substantially rectilinear, vertical measurement profile. Further, the combination response signal is relatively insensitive to borehole effects.

摘要翻译： 这里公开了以有利地还可以减少不期望的钻孔和“负电阻率”效应的方式增强感应工具的垂直分辨率的方法。 在一个实施例中，该方法包括：a）从具有平行于刀具轴线定向的磁偶极子的天线元件的发射器 - 接收器阵列获得垂直磁偶极子（VMD）响应信号; b）从具有垂直于工具轴线定向的磁偶极子的元件的发射器 - 接收器阵列获得水平磁偶极子（HMD）响应信号; 以及c）组合VMD和HMD响应信号以获得组合响应信号。 当如本文所述设置VMD和HMD响应信号的相对权重时，组合响应信号（以及从其计算的任何对数）具有窄的基本直线的垂直测量轮廓。 此外，组合响应信号对钻孔效应相对不敏感。

公开(公告)号：US06765386B2

公开(公告)日：2004-07-20

申请号：US10119891

申请日：2002-04-10

申请人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

发明人： Stanley C. Gianzero ,  Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01V320

CPC分类号： G01V3/20

摘要： A logging tool is disclosed for measuring the resistive anisotropy of formations around a borehole. The logging tool includes a set of electrodes that contact a wall of the borehole. The set of electrodes includes a first pair of current electrodes spaced apart vertically, and a second pair of current electrodes spaced apart horizontally. Between the first and second pair of current electrodes are two or more measurement electrodes that measure a vertical axis voltage difference and a horizontal axis voltage difference caused by currents flowing between the pairs of current electrodes. A resistive anisotropy can be calculated from the measured voltage differences. A third pair of current electrodes oriented perpendicularly with respect to the first and second pair of current electrodes may be provided with corresponding measurement electrodes if it is desired to measure the biaxial resistive anisotropy of the formation.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于测量钻孔周围的地层的电阻各向异性的测井工具。 测井工具包括一组接触钻孔壁的电极。 该组电极包括垂直间隔开的第一对电流电极和水平间隔开的第二对电流电极。 在第一和第二对电流电极之间是两个或更多个测量电极，其测量垂直轴电压差和由在电流对电流之间流动的电流引起的水平轴电压差。 可以根据测量的电压差计算电阻各向异性。 如果需要测量地层的双轴电阻各向异性，则相对于第一和第二对电流电极垂直定向的第三对电流电极可以设置有对应的测量电极。

公开(公告)号：US09645114B2

公开(公告)日：2017-05-09

申请号：US14391612

申请日：2012-05-03

申请人： Li Gao ,  Michael T. Pelletier ,  Mark A. Proett

发明人： Li Gao ,  Michael T. Pelletier ,  Mark A. Proett

IPC分类号： G01V3/00 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01N27/74 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/10 ,  G01N9/00 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N33/28 ,  E21B49/08

CPC分类号： G01N27/74 ,  E21B47/06 ,  E21B47/102 ,  E21B49/00 ,  E21B49/08 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01N9/002 ,  G01N11/16 ,  G01N33/2823 ,  G01N2009/006

摘要： An instrument for determining fluid properties is provided. The instrument (300) includes a tube (304) receiving the fluid, a single magnet (302) attached to the tube, and a single coil (306) wound around the single magnet. The single coil is coupled to a pulse current source (312) and receives a pulse current that creates a magnetic field in the single coil, the created magnetic field interacting with the single magnet to drive the tube to vibrate. The instrument further includes a detector (306) coupled to the tube, wherein the detector is coupled to measurement circuitry (310) and detects properties of the tube as it vibrates, and the measurement circuitry determines the fluid properties based on the detected properties. The instrument also includes a housing (314) enclosing the tube, the single magnet, and the single coil wound around the single magnet.

公开(公告)号：US09575199B2

公开(公告)日：2017-02-21

申请号：US14388193

申请日：2012-03-28

申请人： Wei Zhang ,  Lizheng Zhang ,  Li Gao ,  David Earl Ball

发明人： Wei Zhang ,  Lizheng Zhang ,  Li Gao ,  David Earl Ball

IPC分类号： G01V3/02 ,  G01V3/20 ,  E21B49/08

CPC分类号： G01V3/02 ,  E21B49/08 ,  G01V3/20

摘要： Disclosed is a downhole fluid resistivity sensor that includes a ceramic cylinder having a fluid-contacting surface, and at least four metal pins that penetrate a wall of the ceramic cylinder at axially-spaced locations. The pins are bonded to the ceramic to form a pressure seal. The sensor may include a circuit that injects current into a fluid via an outer two of the pins, and measures a resulting voltage via an inner two of the pins. The circuit may also provide an indication of fluid resistivity based at least in part on the resulting voltage. At each of the axially-spaced locations, a set of multiple pins may penetrate the wall to contact the fluid at circumferentially-spaced positions. The fluid-contacting surface may be an inner surface or an outer surface of the ceramic cylinder. A downhole fluid resistivity measurement method is also described.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种井下流体电阻率传感器，其包括具有流体接触表面的陶瓷圆筒，以及至少四个在轴向间隔开的位置处穿过陶瓷圆柱壁的金属销。 销钉结合到陶瓷上以形成压力密封。 传感器可以包括经由外部两个引脚将电流注入流体的电路，并且经由内部两个引脚测量所得到的电压。 该电路还可以至少部分地基于所得到的电压来提供流体电阻率的指示。 在每个轴向间隔的位置处，一组多个销可以穿透壁以在周向间隔的位置处接触流体。 流体接触表面可以是陶瓷圆筒的内表面或外表面。 还描述了井下流体电阻率测量方法。

公开(公告)号：US20160327465A1

公开(公告)日：2016-11-10

申请号：US15108644

申请日：2014-03-25

申请人： James MASINO ,  Li GAO ,  HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES, INC.

发明人： James Masino ,  Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01N11/16 ,  E21B49/08

CPC分类号： G01N11/167 ,  E21B49/08 ,  E21B2049/085 ,  G01N11/16

摘要： A fluid is received into a sample tube. A processor causes an energy to be applied to the sample tube to induce vibration in the sample tube at a resonant frequency of the sample tube containing the fluid. The processor stops the supply of energy to the sample tube. The processor monitors an amplitude of the vibration of the sample tube as the amplitude of the vibrations diminish over a period of time. The processor uses the monitored amplitude to calculate an RF of the sample tube containing the fluid. The processor uses the calculated RF to calculate the viscosity of the fluid.

摘要翻译： 将流体接收到样品管中。 处理器将能量施加到样品管，以在包含流体的样品管的共振频率处引起样品管中的振动。 处理器停止向样品管供应能量。 当振动的振幅在一段时间内减小时，处理器监测样品管的振动的幅度。 处理器使用监测的幅度来计算包含流体的样品管的RF。 处理器使用计算的RF来计算流体的粘度。

公开(公告)号：US09008977B2

公开(公告)日：2015-04-14

申请号：US13320311

申请日：2009-05-20

申请人： Li Gao

发明人： Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01N9/00 ,  G01H1/00 ,  G01H3/00 ,  G06F17/40 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G01N35/00

CPC分类号： G01N35/00 ,  G01H1/00 ,  G01H3/00 ,  G01N9/00 ,  G06F17/40 ,  G06F19/00

摘要： The density of a fluid is determined using a vibratory resonant densitometer in an environment. The densitometer includes a tubular sample cavity and other densitometer parts. The method includes measuring a plurality of parameters characterizing the environment. The method further includes adjusting a model of the sample cavity using the measured parameters. The method further includes receiving a sample fluid into the sample cavity. The method further includes vibrating the sample cavity to obtain a vibration signal. The method further includes calculating the density of the sample fluid using the model and the vibration signal.

摘要翻译： 在环境中使用振动谐振密度计确定流体的密度。 密度计包括管状样品腔和其他密度计部件。 该方法包括测量表征环境的多个参数。 该方法还包括使用所测量的参数调整样品腔的模型。 该方法还包括将样品流体接收到样品腔中。 该方法还包括振动样品腔以获得振动信号。 该方法还包括使用模型和振动信号计算样品流体的密度。

公开(公告)号：US08581591B2

公开(公告)日：2013-11-12

申请号：US12668129

申请日：2008-06-11

申请人： Michael T. Pelletier ,  Li Gao

发明人： Michael T. Pelletier ,  Li Gao

IPC分类号： G01V3/18

CPC分类号： E21B49/10 ,  E21B47/102 ,  G01N27/74 ,  G01N33/2823

摘要： Determining an electrical property of a formation fluid. At least some of the illustrative embodiments are methods comprising drawing formation fluids into a tool within a borehole, applying a swept frequency electric field to the formation fluids by way of a first winding, inducing a current flow in a second winding based on the swept frequency electric field, and determining a property of the formation fluids based, at least in part, on the current flow in the second winding.

摘要翻译： 确定地层流体的电性质。 示例性实施例中的至少一些是包括将地层流体绘制到井眼内的工具中的方法，通过第一绕组将地震流体施加扫频频率电场，基于扫频来诱导第二绕组中的电流 至少部分地基于第二绕组中的电流流动来确定地层流体的性质。