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公开(公告)号：US09416644B2
公开(公告)日：2016-08-16
申请号：US13988839
申请日：2011-11-30
CPC分类号： E21B47/101 , E21B43/26 , E21B43/267 , E21B47/123 , E21B49/00
摘要： This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring hydraulic fracturing in well formation and fracture characterization using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The method involves interrogating a optic fiber (102) arranged down the path of a bore hole (106) to provide a distributed acoustic sensor and also monitoring flow properties of fracturing fluid pumped (114) into the well. The acoustic data from the distributed acoustic sensor is processed together with the flow properties data to provide an indication of at least one fracture characteristic.
摘要翻译： 本申请涉及使用分布式声学传感（DAS）监测井形成和裂缝特征的水力压裂的方法和装置。 该方法包括询问沿钻孔（106）的路径布置的光纤（102），以提供分布式声学传感器，并且还监测泵送到井中的压裂流体（114）的流动性质。 来自分布式声学传感器的声学数据与流量特性数据一起被处理以提供至少一个断裂特征的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US09739645B2
公开(公告)日：2017-08-22
申请号：US13509415
申请日：2010-11-11
CPC分类号： G01D5/35361 , G01D5/35348
摘要： A method of distributed fiber optic sensing is described in which an optical fiber (104) is interrogated with electromagnetic radiation; back-scattered radiation is detected; and the returns are processed to provide a measurement signal (310) for each of a plurality of longitudinal sensing portions of the optical fiber. The method comprises analyzing the measurement signals of a first subset of longitudinal sensing portions to provide a first zone (306a) having a first sensing function and analyzing the measurement signals of at least a second subset of longitudinal sensing portions to provide at least a second zone (306b) having a second, different, sensing function. The different sensing functions may include detecting different events of interest. In some embodiments the geometry of the fiber may provide different sensing zones (406a, 406b).
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公开(公告)号：US20110139538A1
公开(公告)日：2011-06-16
申请号：US13059806
申请日：2009-08-20
IPC分类号： G01S15/00
摘要： Methods and apparatus for tracking objects in conduits, especially for tracking the movement of a pig in a pipeline, are disclosed. Distributed acoustic sensing is used to obtain signal returns from a plurality of discrete longitudinal sensing portions of a fibre optic cable which is laid along the length of the conduit. The method involves detecting an acoustic signature corresponding to the object moving in the conduit. The acoustic signature may comprise a series of pressure pulses caused by the object traversing joints etc. in the conduit. Preferably the method involves detecting pressure waves caused by the object as it moves through the conduit. Detecting the characteristic pressure wave signal provides discrimination of the object from other acoustic disturbances. In pipeline applications a pig can be tracked in real time, if the pig stops moving an alert can be generated and the location of the pig will be known.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于跟踪管道中的物体的方法和装置，特别是用于跟踪管道中的猪的运动。 分布式声学感测用于从沿着导管长度放置的光纤电缆的多个离散的纵向感测部分获得信号返回。 该方法涉及检测对应于在导管中移动的对象的声学签名。 声学特征可以包括由导管中的物体横穿接头等引起的一系列压力脉冲。 优选地，该方法包括检测由物体在通过导管移动时引起的压力波。 检测特征压力波信号提供对象与其他声学干扰的区别。 在管道应用中，可以实时跟踪猪，如果猪停止移动，则可以产生警报，并且知道猪的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US20110069302A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-24
申请号：US12883755
申请日：2010-09-16
摘要： A method for monitoring for seismic events by interrogating an optic fibre which forms part of an existing communications infrastructure to provide distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The signals provided by the distributed sensing provide measurements at each of a plurality of discrete portions along the fibre, which may be many tens of kilometres in length. Warning or measurement and consequently prediction of seismic activity can be provided by collecting data over a wide area, without the need to deploy a correspondingly large fibre network.
摘要翻译： 通过询问形成现有通信基础设施的一部分以提供分布式声学感测（DAS）的光纤来监测地震事件的方法。 由分布式感测提供的信号在沿着光纤的多个离散部分中的每一个处提供测量，其长度可以是数十公里。 可以通过在广泛的区域收集数据来提供地震活动的警告或测量，从而预测地震活动，而无需部署相应的大型光纤网络。
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公开(公告)号：US09625348B2
公开(公告)日：2017-04-18
申请号：US13059810
申请日：2009-08-21
摘要： This invention relates to the fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing to detect P and S waves in a solid medium. Distributed acoustic sensing can be achieved using an unmodified fiber optic by launching optical pulses into the fiber and detecting radiation which is Rayleigh backscattered there from. By analyzing the returns in analysis bins, acoustic disturbances can be detected in a plurality of discrete longitudinal sections of the fiber. The present invention extends such fiber distributed acoustic sensing to detection of S and P waves.
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公开(公告)号：US09617848B2
公开(公告)日：2017-04-11
申请号：US13320884
申请日：2010-05-27
CPC分类号： E21B47/16 , E21B43/11857 , E21B43/26 , E21B47/101 , E21B47/123 , G01H9/004 , G01V1/50 , G01V2210/1429 , G01V2210/646
摘要： This application describes methods and apparatus for downhole monitoring in real-time. The method involves interrogating an unmodified optic fiber (102) arranged along the path of a well bore (106) to provide a distributed acoustic sensor and sampling data gathered from a plurality of sensing portions of the fiber. The sampled data is then processed to provide a real-time indication of the acoustic signals detected by the sensing portions of the fiber. The real-time indication provides information to an operator or controller of the downwell process with real-time feedback data regarding what is happening during the downwell process which allows the identification of any problems and adjustment of the process parameters.
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公开(公告)号：US20130233537A1
公开(公告)日：2013-09-12
申请号：US13988839
申请日：2011-11-30
IPC分类号： E21B43/26
CPC分类号： E21B47/101 , E21B43/26 , E21B43/267 , E21B47/123 , E21B49/00
摘要： This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring hydraulic fracturing in well formation and fracture characterisation using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). The method involves interrogating a optic fibre (102) arranged down the path of a bore hole (106) to provide a distributed acoustic sensor and also monitoring flow properties of fracturing fluid pumped (114) into the well. The acoustic data from the distributed acoustic sensor is processed together with the flow properties data to provide an indication of at least one fracture characteristic.
摘要翻译： 本申请涉及使用分布式声学传感（DAS）监测井形成和裂缝特征的水力压裂的方法和装置。 该方法包括询问沿钻孔（106）的路径布置的光纤（102），以提供分布式声学传感器，并且还监测泵送到井中的压裂流体（114）的流动性质。 来自分布式声学传感器的声学数据与流量特性数据一起被处理以提供至少一个断裂特征的指示。
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公开(公告)号：US20120230628A1
公开(公告)日：2012-09-13
申请号：US13509402
申请日：2010-11-12
IPC分类号： G02B6/00
CPC分类号： G01D5/353 , G01D5/35361 , G02B6/00
摘要： The invention relates to a distributed fibre optic sensor (104, 106) having a first spatial resolution (301, 303) and a second, different, spatial resolution (302, 304). The sensor, which may be a distributed acoustic sensor, has an optical source (112) configured to interrogate an optical fibre (104) with optical radiation and a detector (116) configured to detected optical radiation back-scattered from within the fibre. A processor (108) is configured to process the detected back-scatter radiation to provide a plurality of longitudinal sensing portions of fibre. The optical source and processor are adapted to provide the first and second spatial resolutions, for instance by changing the duration and/or separation of the optical pulses and analysis bins. The first and second spatial resolutions may be provided sequentially or simultaneously and the spatial resolution used may be varied as part of a default pattern or in response to a detection event.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及具有第一空间分辨率（301,303）和第二不同的空间分辨率（302,304）的分布式光纤传感器（104,106）。 可以是分布式声学传感器的传感器具有被配置为用光辐射来询问光纤（104）的光源（112）和被配置为检测从光纤内部反向散射的光辐射的检测器（116）。 处理器（108）被配置为处理检测到的反向散射辐射以提供光纤的多个纵向感测部分。 光源和处理器适于提供第一和第二空间分辨率，例如通过改变光脉冲和分析箱的持续时间和/或分离。 可以顺序地或同时地提供第一和第二空间分辨率，并且使用的空间分辨率可以作为默认模式的一部分或响应于检测事件而变化。
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公开(公告)号：US10352763B2
公开(公告)日：2019-07-16
申请号：US13816896
申请日：2011-08-15
摘要： A system for moving object (402) detection is provided, the system comprising a fiber optic interrogator (106) adapted to provide distributed acoustic sensing on a optic fiber (104), for example arranged along a border. The measurement signals from each of a plurality of sensing portions (404, 406, 408, 410, 412) of said fiber are analyzed to determined a characteristic of a Doppler shift. The characteristic of a Doppler shift may be a generally continuous decrease in detected frequency. By detecting the time at which the rate of change of frequency is at a maximum for each of the sensing portions the time of closest approach (ti, t2, t3, t4, t5) of the object to those sensing portions can be determined with the sensing portion the object approaches closest to showing the greatest value of maximum rate of change of frequency. The distance of closest approach and velocity can be determined.
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公开(公告)号：US08950482B2
公开(公告)日：2015-02-10
申请号：US13320882
申请日：2010-05-27
CPC分类号： E21B47/16 , E21B43/11857 , E21B43/26 , E21B47/101 , E21B47/123 , G01H9/004 , G01V1/50 , G01V2210/1429 , G01V2210/646
摘要： This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring hydraulic fracturing during oil/gas well formation. A fiber optic cable (102) deployed down a well bore (106), which may be the well bore in which fracturing is performed, is interrogated to provide a distributed acoustic sensor. Data is sampled from at least one longitudinal sensing portion of the fiber and processed to provide at least fracturing characteristic. The fracturing characteristic may comprise the characteristics of high frequency transients indicative of fracturing events (606). The intensity, frequency, duration and signal evolution of the transients may be monitored to provide the fracturing characteristic. Additionally or alternatively the fracturing characteristic may comprise the longer term acoustic noise generated by fracture fluid flow to the fracture sites. The intensity and frequency of the noise may be analyzed to determine the fracturing characteristic. The method allows real-time control of the fracturing process.
摘要翻译： 本申请涉及在油气成井期间监测水力压裂的方法和装置。 询问在井下（106）下展开的光纤电缆（102），其可以是执行压裂的井眼，以提供分布式声学传感器。 从纤维的至少一个纵向感测部分采样数据，并进行处理以至少提供压裂特性。 压裂特性可以包括指示压裂事件的高频瞬变的特征（606）。 可以监测瞬态的强度，频率，持续时间和信号演化以提供压裂特性。 附加地或替代地，压裂特性可以包括由断裂流体流向裂缝位置产生的较长期声学噪声。 可以分析噪声的强度和频率，以确定压裂特性。 该方法允许对压裂过程进行实时控制。
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