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公开(公告)号：US20130151203A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-13
申请号：US13816896
申请日：2011-08-15
摘要： A system for moving object (402) detection is provided, the system comprising a fibre optic interrogator (106) adapted to provide distributed acoustic sensing on a optic fibre (104), for example arranged along a border. The measurement signals from each of a plurality of sensing portions (404, 406, 408, 410, 412) of said fibre are analysed to determined a characteristic of a Doppler shift. The characteristic of a Doppler shift may be a generally continuous decrease in detected frequency. By detecting the time at which the rate of change of frequency is at a maximum for each of the sensing portions the time of closest approach (ti, t2, t3, t4, t5) of the object to those sensing portions can be determined with the sensing portion the object approaches closest to showing the greatest value of maximum rate of change of frequency. The distance of closest approach and velocity can be determined.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于移动物体（402）检测的系统，该系统包括适于在光纤（104）上提供分布式声学感测的光纤询问器（106），例如沿边界布置。 分析来自所述光纤的多个感测部分（404,406,408,410,412）中的每一个的测量信号，以确定多普勒频移的特性。 多普勒频移的特征可以是检测频率的一般连续的降低。 通过检测每个感测部分的频率变化率为最大值的时间，物体对那些感测部分的最接近（ti，t2，t3，t4，t5）的时间可以用 物体接近最接近显示频率变化最大值的最大值的感测部分。 可以确定最接近和速度的距离。
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公开(公告)号：US20130139600A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-06
申请号：US13816902
申请日：2011-08-15
IPC分类号： G01H9/00
CPC分类号： G01H9/004
摘要： An apparatus and method for detecting gunfire is provided which uses distributed acoustic sensing to provide the gunfire detection. The method comprises interrogating an optical fibre with electromagnetic radiation to provide a distributed acoustic sensor comprising a plurality of sensing portions of the optical fibre, and analysing a measurement signal from said sensing portions to detect gunfire events. A gunfire event will typically be relatively intense but of short duration and affect multiple sensing channels. The method may detect a characteristic 602 of a muzzle blast and/or a characteristic 601 of pressure wave from a supersonic round and may determine the location of the gunfire and the location at which the round crosses the sensor.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于检测炮火的装置和方法，其使用分布式声学感测来提供枪声检测。 该方法包括用电磁辐射询问光纤以提供包括光纤的多个感测部分的分布式声学传感器，以及分析来自所述感测部分的测量信号以检测炮火事件。 炮火事件通常会相对较强，但持续时间短，影响到多个传感通道。 该方法可以检测枪口爆炸的特征602和/或来自超音速回合的压力波特征601，并且可以确定炮火的位置和圆形穿过传感器的位置。
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公开(公告)号：US10352763B2
公开(公告)日：2019-07-16
申请号：US13816896
申请日：2011-08-15
摘要： A system for moving object (402) detection is provided, the system comprising a fiber optic interrogator (106) adapted to provide distributed acoustic sensing on a optic fiber (104), for example arranged along a border. The measurement signals from each of a plurality of sensing portions (404, 406, 408, 410, 412) of said fiber are analyzed to determined a characteristic of a Doppler shift. The characteristic of a Doppler shift may be a generally continuous decrease in detected frequency. By detecting the time at which the rate of change of frequency is at a maximum for each of the sensing portions the time of closest approach (ti, t2, t3, t4, t5) of the object to those sensing portions can be determined with the sensing portion the object approaches closest to showing the greatest value of maximum rate of change of frequency. The distance of closest approach and velocity can be determined.
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公开(公告)号：US20130154632A1
公开(公告)日：2013-06-20
申请号：US13819253
申请日：2011-08-31
IPC分类号： G01R33/032 , G02B6/44
CPC分类号： G01R33/0327 , G02B6/4401
摘要： There is provided a system (100) for magnetic field detection, comprising a fibre optic interrogator (104) adapted to interrogate a first length of optical fibre (102) with interrogating radiation, detect radiation backscattered from said optical fibre and analyse said detected radiation to provide distributed sensing indicative of mechanical disturbances of said optical, wherein the optic fibre is mechanically coupled to a material whose dimensions vary dependant on applied magnetic field. Changes in dimensions of the optic fibre as can be detected by virtue of changes in back-scattering of light from said fibre using the principles of fibre optic distributed acoustic sensing.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于磁场检测的系统（100），包括：光纤询问器（104），用于询问具有询问辐射的第一长度的光纤（102），检测从所述光纤反向散射的辐射，并将所述检测到的辐射分析到 提供指示所述光学器件的机械干扰的分布式感测，其中所述光纤机械耦合到其尺寸根据所施加的磁场而变化的材料。 通过光纤分布式声学传感的原理，可以通过来自所述光纤的光的反向散射的变化来检测光纤尺寸的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US09459329B2
公开(公告)日：2016-10-04
申请号：US13819253
申请日：2011-08-31
IPC分类号： G01R33/032 , G02B6/44
CPC分类号： G01R33/0327 , G02B6/4401
摘要： There is provided a system (100) for magnetic field detection, comprising a fiber optic interrogator (104) adapted to interrogate a first length of optical fiber (102) with interrogating radiation, detect radiation backscattered from said optical fiber and analyze said detected radiation to provide distributed sensing indicative of mechanical disturbances of said optical, wherein the optic fiber is mechanically coupled to a material whose dimensions vary dependent on applied magnetic field. Changes in dimensions of the optic fiber as can be detected by virtue of changes in back-scattering of light from said fiber using the principles of fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于磁场检测的系统（100），包括：光纤询问器（104），用于询问具有询问辐射的第一长度的光纤（102），检测从所述光纤反向散射的辐射，并将所述检测到的辐射分析到 提供指示所述光学器件的机械干扰的分布式感测，其中所述光纤机械耦合到其尺寸根据所施加的磁场而变化的材料。 通过光纤分布式声学传感的原理，可以通过来自所述光纤的光的反向散射的变化来检测光纤尺寸的变化。
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公开(公告)号：US09250112B2
公开(公告)日：2016-02-02
申请号：US13981310
申请日：2012-02-21
申请人： Alastair Godfrey
发明人： Alastair Godfrey
CPC分类号： G01F25/0007 , G01F1/66 , G01F1/661 , G01F1/667 , G01H9/004
摘要： The application describes techniques for monitoring the rate of flow of fluid in a conduit (205) using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing which are especially applicable to flow in oil and gas wells. The techniques also allow for calibration of the position of the channels of a fiber optic distributed acoustic sensor arranged along a fluid carrying conduit. The techniques comprise introducing a first acoustic stimulus (303) travelling in one direction and a second acoustic stimulus (304) travelling in the opposite direction. Flow of the fluid (v) results in a difference in the propagation velocity of the two acoustic stimuli. The first and second acoustic stimuli create a standing wave and the beat effect due to the flow induced wavelength variation is detected and used to determine flow rate. The acoustic stimulus may be introduced to travel through the conduit to provide the first stimulus and to reflect from the end of the conduit and travel back as the second acoustic stimulus.
摘要翻译： 该应用描述了使用特别适用于油气井中的流动的光纤分布式声学传感来监测导管（205）中的流体流速的技术。 这些技术还允许校准沿流体承载导管布置的光纤分布式声学传感器的通道的位置。 这些技术包括引入在一个方向上行进的第一声学刺激（303）和沿相反方向行进的第二声学刺激（304）。 流体（v）的流动导致两个声学刺激的传播速度的差异。 第一和第二声学刺激产生驻波，并且检测由于流动感应波长变化引起的节拍效应并用于确定流速。 可以引入声刺激以穿过导管以提供第一刺激并且从导管的端部反射并作为第二声刺激返回。
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7.发明申请Electrolytic reduction of metal oxides such as titanium dioxide and process applications 审中-公开金属氧化物如二氧化钛的电解还原和工艺应用公开(公告)号：US20060110277A1
公开(公告)日：2006-05-25
申请号：US11149588
申请日：2005-06-10
IPC分类号： C22B5/20
CPC分类号： C25C5/04 , B22F9/20 , B22F2999/00 , C22B4/06 , C22B5/00 , C22B5/02 , C22B34/1263 , C22B34/129 , C22C47/04 , C22C47/14 , C25C3/00 , C25C3/28
摘要： A method of removing oxygen from a solid metal, metal compound or semi-metal M1O by electrolysis in a fused salt of M2Y or a mixture of salts, which comprises conducting electrolysis under conditions such that reaction of oxygen rather than M2 deposition occurs at an electrode surface and that oxygen dissolves in the electrolyte M2Y and wherein, M1O is in the form of (sintered) granules or is in the form of a powder which is continuously fed into the fused salt. Also disclosed is a method of producing a metal foam comprising the steps of fabricating a foam-like metal oxide perform, removing oxygen from said foam structured metal oxide prefrom by electrolysis in a fused salt of M2Y or a mixture of salts, which comprises conducting electrolysis under conditions such that reaction of oxygen rather than M2 deposition occurs at an electrode surface. The method is advantageously applied for the production of titanium from Ti-dioxide.
摘要翻译： 在M2Y的熔融盐或盐的混合盐中通过电解从固体金属，金属化合物或半金属M1O中除去氧的方法，其包括在氧气反应而不是M2沉积发生在电极的条件下进行电解 表面，并且氧气溶解在电解质M2Y中，并且其中M1O为（烧结）颗粒的形式，或呈粉末形式，其连续地供入熔融盐。 还公开了一种制造金属泡沫的方法，包括以下步骤：制造泡沫状金属氧化物，通过电解在M2Y的熔融盐或盐的混合物中，从所述泡沫结构金属氧化物预先除去氧，其包括进行电解 在使电极表面发生氧而不是M2沉积的反应的条件下进行。 该方法有利地用于从二氧化钛制备钛。
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公开(公告)号：US20050175496A1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-11
申请号：US11066545
申请日：2005-02-28
CPC分类号： C25C3/28 , C22B4/06 , C22B5/00 , C22B5/02 , C22B34/1263 , C22B34/129 , C25C3/00
摘要： A method of reclaiming a metal M1 from a source of highly contaminated metal M1X having a high oxygen content includes the steps of: sintering the highly contaminated finely divided metal M1X into a perform; introducing the preform into an electrochemical cell, the cell containing a liquid electrolyte comprising a fused salt or mixture of salts generally designated as M2Y in which oxygen is soluble, and a relatively inert anode; conducting electrolysis under conditions favorable to the selective dissolution of oxygen in preference to the deposition of the M2 cation to form a decontaminated metal preform; and following electrolysis, reclaiming the decontaminated metal preform from the cathode. The reclaimed decontaminated metal preform may optionally be crushed to yield a powder of the metal M1. The highly contaminated finely divided metal may comprise swarf, chips and such-like from machining operations, or may comprise high oxygen content metal powders such as hydride-dehydride (HDH) titanium powder. By using the method of the present invention, the oxygen content of the finely divided metal can be reduced to less than 4000 ppm, preferably less than 2000 ppm, more preferably less than 1000 ppm and even more preferably less than 500 ppm.
摘要翻译： 从具有高氧含量的高度污染的金属M 1 X 1源回收金属M 1 H 1的方法包括以下步骤：将高度污染的细碎金属M 1 X进入演出; 将预型体引入电化学电池中，所述电池含有液体电解质，该液体电解质包含熔融盐或通常称为其中可溶氧的M 2 Y的盐的混合物，以及相对惰性的阳极; 在有利于选择性溶解氧气的条件下进行电解，优先于沉积M 2阳离子以形成去污的金属预制件; 并且在电解之后，从阴极回收净化的金属预制件。 可以任选地将回收的去污金属预成型件压碎以产生金属M 1的粉末。 高度污染的细碎金属可以包括来自加工操作的切屑，碎屑等，或者可以包括高含氧量的金属粉末，例如氢化物 - 氢化物（HDH）钛粉末。 通过使用本发明的方法，细分金属的氧含量可以降低到小于4000ppm，优选小于2000ppm，更优选小于1000ppm，甚至更优选小于500ppm。
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公开(公告)号：US09594002B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-14
申请号：US14000448
申请日：2012-03-01
CPC分类号： G01M3/243 , G01M3/38 , G01M5/0025 , G01M5/0091 , G01M11/085
摘要： The present invention relates to a method of monitoring a fluid carrying conduit, comprising interrogating an optic fiber positioned along the path of the conduit to provide distributed acoustic sensing, measuring by distributed acoustic sensing the acoustic signal at each of a plurality of discrete longitudinal sensing portions along the length of the optic fiber, to monitor the optic fiber for the presence of a first characteristic signal, the first characteristic signal being indicative of ground heave the vicinity of the optic fiber, and determining that a failure has occurred in the conduit when a first characteristic signal is measured in the distributed acoustic sensing.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种监测流体输送管道的方法，包括询问沿导管路径定位的光纤以提供分布式声学感测，通过分布式声学检测在多个离散的纵向感测部分中的每一个的声学信号 沿着光纤的长度，为了监测光纤是否存在第一特征信号，第一特征信号指示地面起伏于光纤附近，并且确定导管中发生故障时 在分布式声学传感中测量第一特征信号。
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公开(公告)号：US09453821B2
公开(公告)日：2016-09-27
申请号：US14125697
申请日：2012-06-20
IPC分类号： G01N29/11 , F17D5/00 , G01H9/00 , G01M3/00 , G01M3/24 , G01M3/38 , G01M5/00 , G01M11/08 , G01V1/22
CPC分类号： G01N29/11 , F17D1/04 , F17D1/08 , F17D3/08 , F17D5/005 , F17D5/06 , G01H9/004 , G01M3/005 , G01M3/007 , G01M3/246 , G01M3/38 , G01M5/0025 , G01M5/0033 , G01M5/0091 , G01M11/085 , G01V1/226
摘要： This application relates to methods and apparatus for monitoring of conduits, especially oil or gas pipelines, as an object such as pipeline pig moves within the conduit. The method comprises monitoring at least part of a conduit (206) using a fibre optic (202) distributed acoustic sensor (204) as the object (208) passes along the conduit. The acoustic signals detected from at least one sensing location (203) as the object moves along the conduit are analysed so as to discriminate acoustic signals received at said sensing location from different locations. The method allows the contributions to the acoustic signal at a given sensing portion from different locations to be separately identified, and can allow the detection of the location of acoustic sources along the conduit even if the source is outside the section of conduit which is monitored. The method provides a method of leak detection that can extend the monitoring of the pipeline beyond the location of the optical fibre.
摘要翻译： 本申请涉及用于监测管道，特别是石油或天然气管道的方法和装置，作为诸如管道内的物体在管道内移动。 该方法包括当物体（208）沿着导管通过时，使用光纤（202）分布式声学传感器（204）监测导管（206）的至少一部分。 分析从物体沿导管移动的从至少一个感测位置（203）检测的声信号，以便区分在所述感测位置处接收的声信号与不同位置。 该方法允许在来自不同位置的给定感测部分处对声信号的贡献被单独地识别，并且可以允许检测沿着导管的声源的位置，即使源在监视的导管的部分之外。 该方法提供了一种泄漏检测方法，可以将管道的监测扩展到光纤的位置之外。
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