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公开(公告)号：US20130103317A1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-25
申请号：US13280922
申请日：2011-10-25
CPC分类号： G01S17/95 , G01N15/0205 , G01S7/497 , Y02A90/19
摘要： In one aspect, methods of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud comprises sampling a depth of a cloud with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, measuring echo intensities of the electromagnetic radiation returned from the cloud with a detector, determining a measured optical extinction coefficient from the measured echo intensities, determining a measured backscatter coefficient from the measured echo intensities, determining a lidar ratio from the measured optical extinction coefficient and the measured backscatter coefficient, determining from the lidar ratio a value pair comprising a shape parameter (μ) and median volume diameter (DMVD) of the water droplets, and determining a size distribution of the water droplets using the value pair (μ, DMVD).
摘要翻译： 在一个方面，本文描述了确定云中水滴尺寸分布的方法。 在一些实施例中，确定云中水滴的尺寸分布的方法包括用电磁辐射束对云的深度进行采样，使用检测器测量从云返回的电磁辐射的回波强度，确定测量的光 根据测量的回波强度确定消光系数，从测量的回波强度确定测量的反向散射系数，从测量的光学消光系数和测量的反向散射系数确定激光雷达比，从激光雷达比确定包括形状参数（μ）的值对， 和水滴的中值体积直径（DMVD），以及使用值对（mu，DMVD）确定水滴的尺寸分布。
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公开(公告)号：US20130103316A1
公开(公告)日：2013-04-25
申请号：US13280877
申请日：2011-10-25
CPC分类号： G01S17/95 , B64D15/20 , G01N15/0211 , G01N2015/0026 , Y02A90/19
摘要： In one aspect, methods of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud are described herein. In some embodiments, a method of determining a size distribution of water droplets in a cloud comprises sampling a depth of the cloud with a beam of electromagnetic radiation, measuring a scattering signal of the electromagnetic radiation returned from the cloud over a range of field of view angles to provide a measured scattering curve [ptotal(θ)], removing a portion of the measured scattering curve, replacing the removed portion with an extrapolation of the remaining measured scattering curve to provide an estimated scattering curve, and determining a first estimate droplet size distribution [n(1)(D)] from the estimated scattering curve.
摘要翻译： 在一个方面，本文描述了确定云中水滴尺寸分布的方法。 在一些实施例中，确定云中的水滴的尺寸分布的方法包括用电磁辐射束对云的深度进行采样，测量在视场范围内从云返回的电磁辐射的散射信号 角度以提供测量的散射曲线[ptotal（θ）]，去除测量的散射曲线的一部分，用剩余测量的散射曲线的外推替换去除的部分以提供估计的散射曲线，以及确定第一估计液滴尺寸 分布[n（1）（D）]。
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3.发明授权In-flight multiple field of view detector for supercooled airborne water droplets 有权飞行中的多视野检测器用于过冷空气中的水滴公开(公告)号：US08144325B2
公开(公告)日：2012-03-27
申请号：US12508038
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal
发明人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal
CPC分类号： B64D15/20
摘要： An airborne multiple field-of-view water droplet sensor includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion includes a first optical beam emitter configured to output a light beam. The detection portion includes a kaleidoscope configured to channel a first portion of the backscattered light towards an inner reflective surface of a circle-to-line converter, a multiple field of view subsystem having at least a first detector configured to receive light reflected by the circle-to-line converter, and a single field-of-view subsystem configured to receive a second portion of the backscattered light, the second portion not having been reflected by the circle-to-line converter. The single field-of-view subsystem may include a dual channel circular polarization detector for distinguishing between liquid water droplets and ice crystals based on information in the single field-of-view.
摘要翻译： 机载多视野水滴传感器包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部分包括被配置为输出光束的第一光束发射器。 检测部分包括万花筒，该万花筒被配置为将反向散射光的第一部分朝着圆形到直线转换器的内部反射表面传播，多视野子系统具有至少第一检测器，该第一检测器被配置为接收由圆到线转换器反射的光 配置为接收所述反向散射光的第二部分的第一部分，所述第二部分未被所述圆形到线性转换器反射。 单个视野子系统可以包括双通道圆偏振检测器，用于基于单个视场中的信息来区分液体水滴和冰晶。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US07986408B2
公开(公告)日：2011-07-26
申请号：US12264956
申请日：2008-11-05
申请人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal , David M. Socha
发明人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal , David M. Socha
IPC分类号： G01J4/00
CPC分类号： B64D15/20
摘要： A device for optically detecting and distinguishing airborne liquid water droplets and ice crystals includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion outputs a circularly polarized illuminating beam. The detection portion receives circularly polarized backscattered light from moisture in the cloud, in response to the illuminating beam. The circularly polarized backscattered light is passed through a circular polarizer to convert it into linearly polarized backscattered light, which is split into two components. Each of the two components is optionally subject to further linear polarization to filter out any leakage-type orthogonal polarization. The two components are then optically detected and the resulting detection signals are used to calculate one or more parameters reflective of the presence or absence of airborne ice crystals and/or water droplets.
摘要翻译： 用于光学检测和区分空气中的液体水滴和冰晶的装置包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部输出圆偏振照明光束。 响应于照明光束，检测部分接收来自云中的水分的圆偏振背散射光。 圆偏振的后向散射光通过圆偏振器以将其转换成线偏振的后向散射光，其被分成两部分。 两个组件中的每一个可选地进一步进行线性极化以滤除任何泄漏型正交极化。 然后光学检测两个组分，并且所得到的检测信号用于计算反映空气冰晶体和/或水滴存在或不存在的一个或多个参数。
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5.发明申请In-Flight Multiple Field of View Detector for Supercooled Airborne Water Droplets 有权飞行中多个视场检测器，用于过冷空降水滴公开(公告)号：US20110019188A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-27
申请号：US12508038
申请日：2009-07-23
申请人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal
发明人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal
CPC分类号： B64D15/20
摘要： An airborne multiple field-of-view water droplet sensor includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion includes a first optical beam emitter configured to output a light beam. The detection portion includes a kaleidoscope configured to channel a first portion of the backscattered light towards an inner reflective surface of a circle-to-line converter, a multiple field of view subsystem having at least a first detector configured to receive light reflected by the circle-to-line converter, and a single field-of-view subsystem configured to receive a second portion of the backscattered light, the second portion not having been reflected by the circle-to-line converter. The single field-of-view subsystem may include a dual channel circular polarization detector for distinguishing between liquid water droplets and ice crystals based on information in the single field-of-view.
摘要翻译： 机载多视野水滴传感器包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部分包括被配置为输出光束的第一光束发射器。 检测部分包括万花筒，该万花筒被配置为将反向散射光的第一部分朝着圆形到直线转换器的内部反射表面传播，多视野子系统具有至少第一检测器，该第一检测器被配置为接收由圆到线转换器反射的光 配置为接收所述反向散射光的第二部分的第一部分，所述第二部分未被所述圆形到线性转换器反射。 单个视野子系统可以包括双通道圆偏振检测器，用于基于单个视场中的信息来区分液体水滴和冰晶。
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6.发明申请APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IN-FLIGHT DETECTION OF AIRBORNE WATER DROPLETS AND ICE CRYSTALS 有权飞行器水滴和冰晶体飞行检测装置及方法公开(公告)号：US20100110431A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-06
申请号：US12264956
申请日：2008-11-05
申请人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal , David M. Socha
发明人： Mark D. Ray , Michael P. Nesnidal , David M. Socha
CPC分类号： B64D15/20
摘要： A device for optically detecting and distinguishing airborne liquid water droplets and ice crystals includes an illumination portion and a detection portion. The illumination portion outputs a circularly polarized illuminating beam. The detection portion receives circularly polarized backscattered light from moisture in the cloud, in response to the illuminating beam. The circularly polarized backscattered light is passed through a circular polarizer to convert it into linearly polarized backscattered light, which is split into two components. Each of the two components is optionally subject to further linear polarization to filter out any leakage-type orthogonal polarization. The two components are then optically detected and the resulting detection signals are used to calculate one or more parameters reflective of the presence or absence of airborne ice crystals and/or water droplets.
摘要翻译： 用于光学检测和区分空气中的液体水滴和冰晶的装置包括照明部分和检测部分。 照明部输出圆偏振照明光束。 响应于照明光束，检测部分接收来自云中的水分的圆偏振背散射光。 圆偏振的后向散射光通过圆偏振器以将其转换成线偏振的后向散射光，其被分成两部分。 两个组件中的每一个可选地进一步进行线性极化以滤除任何泄漏型正交极化。 然后光学检测两个组分，并且所得到的检测信号用于计算反映空气冰晶体和/或水滴存在或不存在的一个或多个参数。
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7.发明授权High power single mode semiconductor lasers and optical amplifiers using 2D Bragg gratings 有权大功率单模半导体激光器和使用2D布拉格光栅的光放大器公开(公告)号：US06366598B1
公开(公告)日：2002-04-02
申请号：US09247402
申请日：1999-02-10
申请人： Doyle T. Nichols , Srinath Kalluri , Michael G. Wickham , Timothy A. Vang , Michael P. Nesnidal , Robert W. Lodenkamper
发明人： Doyle T. Nichols , Srinath Kalluri , Michael G. Wickham , Timothy A. Vang , Michael P. Nesnidal , Robert W. Lodenkamper
IPC分类号： H01S5125
CPC分类号： H01S5/12 , H01S5/0655 , H01S5/105 , H01S5/1078 , H01S5/20
摘要： A waveguide (10) is provided having a two-dimensional optical wavelength Bragg grating (20) embedded within a semiconductor laser medium (16). More particularly, the waveguide (10) includes an active region (16) sandwiched between n-doped and p-doped cladding layers (14, 22). The two-dimensional Bragg grating (20) is formed in the active region (16). Upper and lower electrodes (24, 26) are defined on opposite sides of the cladding layers (14, 22) to complete the waveguide structure (10). The two-dimensional grating (20) provides simultaneous frequency selective feedback for mode control in both the longitudinal and lateral directions.
摘要翻译： 提供了具有嵌入在半导体激光介质（16）内的二维光波长布拉格光栅（20）的波导（10）。 更具体地，波导（10）包括夹在n掺杂和p掺杂包覆层（14,22）之间的有源区（16）。 二维布拉格光栅（20）形成在有源区（16）中。 上电极和下电极（24,26）限定在包覆层（14,22）的相对侧上，以完成波导结构（10）。 二维光栅（20）在纵向和横向都提供用于模式控制的同时频率选择反馈。
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公开(公告)号：US08014070B2
公开(公告)日：2011-09-06
申请号：US12804425
申请日：2010-07-21
申请人： Michael P. Nesnidal
发明人： Michael P. Nesnidal
CPC分类号： G02B26/0808 , G02B5/1857 , G02B5/1871 , G02B27/0087 , G02B27/4277
摘要： A method of fabricating a membrane structure for a diffractive phased array assembly is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a wafer having a body and at least a membrane layer and a backside layer disposed on opposite faces of the body, forming a grating pattern on a surface of the membrane layer, and forming a window through the wafer to expose a back surface of the membrane, thereby allowing light to pass through the membrane.
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9.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20080247043A1
公开(公告)日：2008-10-09
申请号：US12062205
申请日：2008-04-03
申请人： Michael P. Nesnidal
发明人： Michael P. Nesnidal
CPC分类号： G02B26/0808 , G02B5/1857 , G02B5/1871 , G02B27/0087 , G02B27/4277
摘要： A method of fabricating a membrane structure for a diffractive phased array assembly is provided. The method includes the steps of providing a wafer having a body and at least a membrane layer and a backside layer disposed on opposite faces of the body, forming a grating pattern on a surface of the membrane layer, and forming a window through the wafer to expose a back surface of the membrane, thereby allowing light to pass through the membrane.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种制造衍射相控阵组件的膜结构的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤：提供晶片，其具有主体和至少膜层和设置在主体的相对面上的背面层，在膜层的表面上形成光栅图案，并且通过晶片形成窗口， 暴露膜的后表面，从而允许光通过膜。
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公开(公告)号：US06845116B2
公开(公告)日：2005-01-18
申请号：US10279744
申请日：2002-10-24
申请人： Luke J. Mawst , Nelson Tansu , Michael P. Nesnidal , Steven Meassick , Eric W. Stiers , Darren M. Hansen , Troy J. Goodnough
发明人： Luke J. Mawst , Nelson Tansu , Michael P. Nesnidal , Steven Meassick , Eric W. Stiers , Darren M. Hansen , Troy J. Goodnough
IPC分类号： H01S20060101 , H01S5/00 , H01S5/22 , H01S5/223
CPC分类号： H01S5/2231 , H01S5/0655 , H01S5/2218 , H01S2301/18
摘要： As edge-emitting semiconductor laser incorporating a narrow waveguide design is disclosed. The narrow waveguide expands the lateral mode size, creates a large modal spot size, and insures higher-order modes are beyond cutoff. Separate current confinement allows the current injection region to match the mode size. The resulting device exhibits single-mode operation with a large spot-size to high output powers.
摘要翻译： 公开了结合窄波导设计的边缘发射半导体激光器。 窄波导扩展横向模式尺寸，产生大的模态点尺寸，并确保高阶模式超出截止。 单独的电流限制允许电流注入区域匹配模式大小。 所得到的器件具有单点操作，具有大的点尺寸到高输出功率。
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