摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner comprises mother particles and an external additive covering the mother particles. The mother particles comprise a binder resin, and the external additive comprises inorganic particles. The inorganic particles comprise small-size inorganic particles having an equivalent circle diameter of from 30 to 70 nm and large-size inorganic particles having an equivalent circle diameter of from 150 to 200 nm and a circularity of 0.85 or more. The large-size inorganic particles are 20 to 70 in number per 100 μm2 image area of the toner observed with a field-emission scanning electron microscope.
摘要:
A toner is provided. The toner includes at least two types of polyester resins and a release agent. When the toner is subjected to a dynamic viscoelasticity measurement at a frequency of 6.28 rad/sec to obtain a temperature-dependent curve of loss tangent (tan δ), and the temperature-dependent curve is differentiated one time with temperature, a resulting curve has a maximum value of 0.07 or more and a minimum value of 0.025 or less within a temperature range of from 85° C. to 110° C. When the toner is subjected to a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), an endothermic amount measured in a first temperature rising in the DSC is 3.5 J/g or less within a temperature range of from 85° C. to 120° C.
摘要:
A toner, where a diffraction peak of the toner as measured by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy is present at least in a region where 2θ is from 20° through 25°, and a difference between Tg1 and Tg2 is 10° C. or less, where Tg1 is a glass transition temperature of the toner, as observed in a last heating step, when heating and cooling are performed on the toner by means of a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under the heating and cooling conditions 1 defined in the specification, and Tg2 is a glass transition temperature of the toner, as observed in a last heating step, when heating and cooling are performed on the toner by means of the differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) under the heating and cooling conditions 2 defined in the specification.
摘要:
A toner includes a binder resin; and a plate-shaped pigment having a silica coated layer on the surface, an average-particle diameter of from 10 μm to 25 μm, and an aspect ratio of from 20 to 125.
摘要:
A toner includes polyolefin and has an exothermic peak in a range from 40° C. to 70° C. in a cooling process of the polyolefin by the DSC after a first heating process of the polyolefin by DSC. The polyolefin does not have an exothermic peak in the cooling process of the polyolefin by the DSC after the first heating process of the polyolefin by the DSC, and has an exothermic peak in a range from 0° C. to 30° C. in a second heating process of the polyolefin by the DSC.
摘要:
An image forming method includes forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer, developing the electrostatic image with a toner to form a visible image, transferring the visible image onto a recording medium, and fixing the transferred visible image on the recording medium. The toner includes toner base particles each including a binder resin, a release agent, and particles of an inorganic antibacterial antiviral agent, and satisfies conditions (1) to (3) below. The image forming method satisfies a relationship of 2.0X (micrometers)≤Z≤2.5X (micrometers). Conditions (1) the number average particle diameter X of the particles of the inorganic antibacterial antiviral agent is 1.5 (micrometers)≤X≤2.5 (micrometers), (2) 3X (micrometers)≤Y≤4X (micrometers), and (3) an amount of the inorganic antibacterial antiviral agent in the toner is 2.8% by mass or greater, but 5.0% by mass or less.
摘要:
A toner includes polyolefin and has an exothermic peak in a range from 40° C. to 70° C. in a cooling process of the polyolefin by the DSC after a first heating process of the polyolefin by DSC. The polyolefin does not have an exothermic peak in the cooling process of the polyolefin by the DSC after the first heating process of the polyolefin by the DSC, and has an exothermic peak in a range from 0° C. to 30° C. in a second heating process of the polyolefin by the DSC.
摘要:
Provided is a method for forming a flying body using optical vortex laser, the method including irradiating an opposite surface of a base to a surface of the base, on which a light-absorbing material is disposed, with an optical vortex laser beam to generate a liquid column or liquid droplet having a diameter smaller than an irradiation diameter of the optical vortex laser beam from the light-absorbing material in an irradiation direction of the optical vortex laser beam.
摘要:
A polymer material, containing at least one kind of polymer substance selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid-based polymers, polyester-based polymers, and polycarbonate-based polymers; and a compound represented by formula (2) contained in the polymer substance: wherein A21 and A22 each independently represent an atom other than hydrogen atom and carbon atom; Y21 and Y22 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent substituent; at least one of Y21 and Y22 represents a substituent having a Hammett substituent constant σp of 0.2 or more; Y21 and Y22 may bind to each other to form a ring; and (B) represents a group of atoms necessary for forming a five- or six-membered ring with A21, A22 and the carbon atom.
摘要翻译:含有选自丙烯酸系聚合物,聚酯系聚合物,聚碳酸酯类聚合物中的至少一种聚合物的高分子材料, 和由式(2)表示的化合物,其中A21和A22各自独立地表示氢原子和碳原子以外的原子; Y 21和Y 22各自独立地表示氢原子或一价取代基; Y21和Y22中的至少一个表示具有Hammett取代基常数& p的取代基,其0.2以上; Y 21和Y 22可以彼此结合形成环; 和(B)表示与A21,A22和碳原子形成五元或六元环所必需的一组原子。
摘要:
A method and system for performing a requested job. The system includes multiple processing servers and a management server. Each processing server executes an assigned program for performing the requested job. An execution direction, which identifies each of the multiple programs and an execution order for their execution (including identification of a first program to be executed), is generated. The management server sends to a first processing server the execution direction and input data. The first processing server: executes the first program using the input data, resulting in updating the input data; sends to the management server an inquiry for identification information that identifies a second processing server to execute a second program included in the execution direction; receives the identification information from the management server; and sends to the second processing server the execution direction and the updated input data for subsequent execution of the second program.