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公开(公告)号：US07110668B2
公开(公告)日：2006-09-19
申请号：US10784972
申请日：2004-02-25
IPC分类号： H04B10/00
CPC分类号： H04B10/035 , H04B10/0771 , H04B2210/071 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/0201 , H04J14/0212
摘要： A way of testing a wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system without requiring connection to data source/sink equipment. A test signal is introduced onto a light path of interest in the system, and the test signal is monitored downstream for signal integrity. Lack of signal integrity is used to identify a fault in the lightpath. Alternatively, optical loopbacks may be used to localize and identify a fault in the lightpath. The lightpath includes a source optical node connected to a sink optical node via intermediate optical nodes. An optical signal introduced at the source node with a destination at the sink node may be looped back at any one of the intermediate nodes or the sink node to localize and identify a fault in the lightpath.
摘要翻译： 测试波分复用（WDM）系统而不需要连接到数据源/宿设备的方式。 将测试信号引入到系统中感兴趣的光路上，并且测试信号被监视在下游以获得信号完整性。 信号完整性缺乏用于识别光路中的故障。 或者，光环回可以用于定位和识别光路中的故障。 光路包括经由中间光节点连接到宿光纤节点的源光节点。 在源节点处具有在汇聚节点处的目的地引入的光信号可以在任何一个中间节点或汇聚节点处循环，以定位和识别光路中的故障。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06947623B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-20
申请号：US10650543
申请日：2003-08-28
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。 一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。 在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。 具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。 还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。 还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。
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3.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06650803B1
公开(公告)日：2003-11-18
申请号：US09704439
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。 一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。 在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。 具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。 还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。 还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。
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4.发明授权Optical cross-connect switching system with bridging, test access and redundancy 有权具有桥接，测试访问和冗余的光交叉连接交换系统公开(公告)号：US06597826B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-22
申请号：US09704444
申请日：2000-11-01
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Steven Clark , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Steven Clark , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B642
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/0049 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： In one embodiment, a scalable cross-connect switching system and its corresponding method perform a bridging operation by splitting the incoming light signal into at least a first bridged light signal and a second bridged light signal. The first bridged light signal has a power level equal to or substantially greater than a power level of the second bridged light signal. The disproportionate power levels provide low-loss bridging. Light signals based on these bridged light signals are routed through multiple switch fabrics which provide redundancy in case of failure by switching within the switch fabric. To detect failures, a test access port is configured for monitoring multiple optical paths.
摘要翻译： 在一个实施例中，可扩展交叉连接交换系统及其对应方法通过将入射光信号分成至少第一桥接光信号和第二桥接光信号来执行桥接操作。 第一桥接光信号具有等于或基本上大于第二桥接光信号的功率电平的功率电平。 不相称的权力水平提供低损失桥梁。 基于这些桥接光信号的光信号通过多个交换结构进行路由，这些交换结构在交换结构内切换时在故障的情况下提供冗余。 为了检测到故障，测试接入端口被配置为监视多个光路。
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公开(公告)号：US08018838B2
公开(公告)日：2011-09-13
申请号：US10606948
申请日：2003-06-25
IPC分类号： H04L1/00
CPC分类号： H04L1/22 , H04L2001/0092
摘要： A system supports 50 ms protection switching times independent of network architecture. The system includes multiple protection switch fabrics to perform facility protection switching for the signals and a central switch fabric to switch a subset of the signals in a non-facility protection switching manner among the protection switch fabrics. Linear and ring network configurations are supported by the system. The system has flexibility to perform Linear Automatic Protection Switching (LAPS), Unidirection Path Switched Ring (UPSR) protection switching, and Bidirectional Line Switched Ring (BLSR) protection switching without burdening the central switch fabric with unnecessary or redundant traffic.
摘要翻译： 系统支持独立于网络架构的50 ms保护切换时间。 该系统包括多个保护交换结构，用于对信号执行设备保护切换，以及中央交换结构，以保护交换结构之间的非设施保护交换方式切换信号子集。 系统支持线性和环形网络配置。 该系统具有灵活性，可以执行线性自动保护切换（LAPS），单向路由交换环（UPSR）保护倒换和双向线路交换环（BLSR）保护交换，而不会对不必要或冗余流量的中央交换机结构造成负担。
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6.发明授权Method and apparatus for regenerating optical signals in an all-optical cross-connect switch 失效用于在全光交叉连接开关中再生光信号的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06944364B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-13
申请号：US10648956
申请日：2003-08-27
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。 一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。 在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。 具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。 还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。 还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。
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公开(公告)号：US4157960A
公开(公告)日：1979-06-12
申请号：US855852
申请日：1977-11-30
申请人： Richard C. Chang , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Richard C. Chang , Robert R. Ward
CPC分类号： B01D67/0016 , B01D67/0097 , B01D69/02 , B01D71/68
摘要： The selectivities of fluid separations of membranes having pores, in which the material of the membranes significantly effects the fluid separations, can be enhanced by the storage of the membranes in water. Suitable materials of the membranes for improvement in accordance with this invention are those which are not unduly susceptible to biodegradation. The membranes for improvement in accordance with this invention preferably have structures which are not unduly affected by drying and thus maintain beneficial mechanical and fluid separation properties after drying.
摘要翻译： 通过将膜储存在水中，可以提高具有孔的膜的流体分离的选择性，其中膜的材料显着影响流体分离。 根据本发明的用于改进的膜的合适材料是不会过度易受生物降解影响的材料。 根据本发明的用于改进的膜优选具有不受干燥过度影响的结构，因此在干燥后保持有益的机械和流体分离性能。
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公开(公告)号：US06813407B2
公开(公告)日：2004-11-02
申请号：US10648025
申请日：2003-08-26
申请人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
发明人： Rajiv Ramaswami , Robert R. Ward
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0009 , H04Q2011/0015 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0035 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083 , H04Q2011/0088
摘要： Methods, apparatus and systems for regenerating, monitoring and bridging optical signals through an optical cross-connect switch to provide increased reliability. A self testing method, apparatus and system for an optical cross-connect switch. An optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter (O/E/O) is provided in an optical cross-connect switch to provide optical-electrical-optical conversion. I/O port cards having an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as smart port cards while I/O port cards without an optical-to-electrical-to-optical converter are referred to as passive port cards. Test port/monitor cards are also provided for testing optical cross-connect switches. Methods, apparatus and systems for performing bridging, test access, and supporting redundant optical switch fabrics are also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 通过光交叉连接开关再生，监测和桥接光信号的方法，装置和系统，以提供更高的可靠性。 一种用于光交叉连接开关的自检方法，装置和系统。 在光交叉开关中提供光 - 电 - 光转换器（O / E / O）以提供光 - 电 - 光转换。 具有光 - 电 - 光转换器的I / O端口卡被称为智能端口卡，而没有光对电转换器的I / O端口卡被称为被动端口卡。 还提供测试端口/监视器卡，用于测试光交叉连接交换机。 还公开了用于执行桥接，测试访问和支持冗余光交换结构的方法，装置和系统。
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公开(公告)号：US06571030B1
公开(公告)日：2003-05-27
申请号：US09704457
申请日：2000-11-01
IPC分类号： G02B626
CPC分类号： H04Q11/0062 , G02B6/43 , H04J14/0293 , H04J14/0297 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0024 , H04Q2011/0026 , H04Q2011/0041 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0073 , H04Q2011/0081 , H04Q2011/0083
摘要： In general, an optical cross-connect switching system comprising a switch subsystem, an input/output (I/O) subsystem including a plurality of removable, I/O port modules, and a switch control subsystem featuring servo modules. These units collectively operate to provide optical data paths for routing of light signals without conversion from optical to electrical domains and back to optical. Also, the optical cross-connect switching system is scalable because the I/O port modules, servo modules and even features of the switch subsystem may be removed without disruption in system operation.
摘要翻译： 通常，光学交叉连接交换系统包括开关子系统，包括多个可移除的I / O端口模块的输入/输出（I / O）子系统和具有伺服模块的开关控制子系统。 这些单元共同操作以提供用于路由光信号的光学数据路径，而无需从光学域到电域的转换并返回光学。 此外，光交叉连接交换系统是可扩展的，因为可以在不中断系统操作的情况下移除I / O端口模块，伺服模块甚至交换机子系统的特征。
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公开(公告)号：US4214020A
公开(公告)日：1980-07-22
申请号：US852277
申请日：1977-11-17
CPC分类号： B01D69/08
摘要： Processes are disclosed for coating the exteriors of a plurality of hollow fibers which are suitable for fluid separations and which are assembled in the form of a bundle. The processes involve immersing the bundle of hollow fibers in a coating liquid containing material suitable for forming the coating and a substantial amount of solvent. A pressure drop from the exteriors to the interiors of the hollow fibers is provided to result in the formation of a deposit on the exteriors of the hollow fibers. The processes of this invention enable essentially the entire exterior surfaces of the hollow fibers to be coated without undue sticking of the hollow fibers or providing undesirably thick coatings on the hollow fibers in any portion of the bundle or on a portion of any of the hollow fibers.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于涂覆适合于流体分离并且以束的形式组装的多个中空纤维的外表的方法。 该方法包括将中空纤维束浸入含有适于形成涂层的材料的涂布液和大量的溶剂中。 提供从外部到中空纤维内部的压降，以便在中空纤维的外部形成沉积物。 本发明的方法能够基本上使中空纤维的整个外表面被涂覆而不会中空纤维的过度粘附，或者在中空纤维的任何部分或任何中空纤维的一部分上在中空纤维上提供不期望的厚涂层 。
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