公开(公告)号：US4063164A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US696140

申请日：1976-06-14

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Jiri Mastner ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Jiri Mastner ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  G01R31/02 ,  H02H3/00 ,  H02H3/40 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： H02H7/265 ,  G01R31/021 ,  G01R31/025

摘要： A method of and apparatus for the detection of short-circuits on lines operated with voltages and currents containing an alternating component, by detecting the temporal progression of the voltage and current at a measurement location in the form of measurement voltages and measurement currents. From the measurement voltage and measurement current or from magnitudes derived therefrom there are formed traveling wave signals of the form:a(t) = k. (u.sub.m + R.sub.w.i.sub.m) andb(t) = k. (-u.sub.m + R.sub.w.i.sub.m)wherein u.sub.m represents the measurement voltage and i.sub.m the measurement current or magnitudes derived therefrom, R.sub.w an impedance factor and k a freely introducable proportionality factor. There is monitored the mutual phase position of at least one respective frequency component of the oppositely moving traveling wave signals as a magnitude characterizing the condition of the line.

摘要翻译： 通过以测量电压和测量电流的形式检测在测量位置处的电压和电流的时间进展，用于检测在包含交变分量的电压和电流下操作的线上的短路的方法和装置。 从测量电压和测量电流或从其导出的量值，形成以下形式的行波信号：

公开(公告)号：US4063162A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US677685

申请日：1976-04-16

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08

CPC分类号： G01R31/085

摘要： A process and apparatus for locating faults on a line, wherein at least one signal (travelling-wave signal) associated with a progression thereof at the measuring location is formed from the voltage and current at a measuring location. There are formed travelling-wave signals corresponding in number to the phases or conductors in the line and decoupled from one another in relation to the line inductances and line capacitances. At least two time-integrals are formed with these travelling-wave signals or signals derived therefrom as integrands, each time integral being associated with one direction of wave-propagation on the line. These time-integrals are processed by an evaluating function which characterizes by way of its sign and magnitude the direction and distance of the fault from a predetermined reference location on the line, which function corresponds to a relationship prevailing at the fault location between the travelling waves proceeding in opposite directions on the line.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位线路上的故障的过程和装置，其中与测量位置处的进展相关联的至少一个信号（行波信号）由测量位置处的电压和电流形成。 形成了与线路中的相位或导体相对应的行波信号，并且相对于线路电感和线路电容彼此去耦合。 由这些行波信号或从其导出的信号作为被积式形成至少两个时间积分，每次积分与线上的一个波传播方向相关联。 这些时间积分由评估函数来处理，该评估函数通过其标志和幅度来表征故障与线路上的预定参考位置的方向和距离，该函数对应于在行波之间的故障位置处的关系 在相反的方向上行。

公开(公告)号：US4063160A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US676983

申请日：1976-04-14

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： G01R31/085 ,  H02H7/265

摘要： A method of and apparatus for locating a fault on a line in which there is formed from the voltage and current at a test or measuring location at least one signal (travelling-wave signal) associated with a travelling wave on the line and its variation with time at the test location. There are formed a number of pairs of oppositely moving travelling-wave signals corresponding to the number of phases or conductors of the line and with these travelling-wave signals or signals derived therefrom as integrands there are formed at least two time-integrals each of which is associated with a direction of wave propagation on the line. The time integrals are combined into an evaluation function characterizing the fault direction or fault distance with respect to the test or measuring location, the evaluation function corresponding to a relation prevailing at the fault location between the oppositely moving travelling waves on the line.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位线路上的故障的方法和装置，其中在测试或测量位置处由电压和电流形成的至少一个信号（行波信号）与行上的行波相关联，并且其变化与 时间在测试位置。 形成了多对相对于线路的相位数或导体的相反移动的行波信号，并且由于这些行波信号或从其导出的信号作为被积式，所以形成至少两个时间积分 与线上波传播的方向相关联。 将时间积分组合成表征相对于测试或测量位置的故障方向或故障距离的评估函数，评估函数对应于线路上相反移动的行波之间的故障位置处的关系。

公开(公告)号：US4063166A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US689653

申请日：1976-05-24

申请人： Hans Glavitsch ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Hans Glavitsch ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： G01R31/085 ,  H02H7/265

摘要： A method for locating a fault on a line wherein starting from a fault-free operating state of the line there is derived a substitute-measurement voltage signal which corresponds at least approximately to a frequency component of a line voltage both in magnitude and phase and is approximately independent of breakdown of the line voltage at least for a limited time interval. The substitute-measurement voltage signal is used to form at least one substitute-traveling wave signal and a substitute-evaluation signal.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位线路上的故障的方法，其中从线路的无故障运行状态开始，导出代替测量电压信号，该替代测量电压信号至少大致对应于幅度和相位的线路电压的频率分量，并且是 大致独立于线电压的破坏，至少在有限的时间间隔内。 替代测量电压信号用于形成至少一个替代行波信号和替代评估信号。

公开(公告)号：US4618933A

公开(公告)日：1986-10-21

申请号：US506410

申请日：1983-06-21

申请人： Michael Vitins

发明人： Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： H02H7/26 ,  G06F15/20 ,  G01R31/08

CPC分类号： H02H7/265

摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting a fault and also the direction of a fault in electric lines, wherein voltage (Su) and current step signals (Si) corresponding to the transient components in the line voltage and line current are derived; the instantaneous values of these step signals (Su, Si) define, in a co-ordinate system formed by the step signals (Su, Si) themselves, a point which passes through a line of motion (B) after the occurrence of a fault; and if the point transgresses a triggering boundary (AI, AII, AIII, AIV) in the co-ordinate system the fault is detected. In this event the direction of the fault is found from the quadrant (QI, QII, QIII, QIV) in which the transgression takes place. At a predetermined time after entry of the point into a boundary zone provided in one quadrant, located in the line of motion ahead of a triggering boundary in next adjacent quadrant, a triggering boundary in at least the next adjacent quadrant is adjusted to a greater distance from the origin of the co-ordinate system which is located in the same semicircular space bounded by the axis of the voltage step signal (Su). This measure considerably increases the reliability of detection with respect to fault direction and, in addition, reduces the time required for fault detection.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测故障的方法和装置以及电线中的故障方向，其中导出与线路电压和线路电流中的瞬态分量相对应的电压（Su）和电流阶跃信号（Si） 这些步进信号（Su，Si）的瞬时值在由步进信号（Su，Si）本身形成的坐标系中定义在故障发生之后通过运动线（B）的点 ; 并且如果点在坐标系中超过触发边界（AI，AII，AIII，AIV），则检测到故障。 在这种情况下，从发生违规的象限（QI，QII，QIII，QIV）中可以发现故障的方向。 在点进入设置在一个象限中的边界区域中的预定时间，位于下一相邻象限中的触发边界之前的运动线中，至少在下一个相邻象限中的触发边界被调整到更大的距离 位于由电压阶跃信号（Su）的轴线限定的相同的半圆形空间中的坐标系的原点。 该措施大大提高了故障方向检测的可靠性，另外减少故障检测所需的时间。

公开(公告)号：US4063163A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US691142

申请日：1976-05-28

申请人： Michael Vitins

发明人： Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： G01R31/085 ,  H02H7/265

摘要： An apparatus for the localization of a fault on a line wherein there is formed from at least one measurement signal derived from a line voltage and at least one measurement current derived from a line current an evaluation signal characterizing the direction and/or distance of a fault location with respect to a reference location on the line determinable by at least one regulation or adjustment magnitude, the apparatus comprising a voltage- and current measuring device provided at the measurement location and a signal processing- and evaluation circuit. The signal processing- and evaluation circuit possesses at least one reference location-adjustment input and there is provided means defining an operative connection, which changes the momentarily effective reference location adjustment, between an output of the evaluation circuit and the reference location-adjustment input.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在线路上定位故障的装置，其中由从线电压得到的至少一个测量信号和从线电流得到的至少一个测量电流形成，该评估信号表征故障的方向和/或距离 相对于可由至少一个调节或调整幅度确定的线上的参考位置的位置，该装置包括设置在测量位置处的电压和电流测量装置以及信号处理和评估电路。 信号处理和评估电路具有至少一个参考位置调整输入，并且提供了在评估电路的输出和参考位置调整输入之间定义改变瞬时有效参考位置调整的操作连接的装置。

公开(公告)号：US4287547A

公开(公告)日：1981-09-01

申请号：US66783

申请日：1979-08-15

申请人： Michael Vitins

发明人： Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： H02H7/26 ,  H02H3/40

CPC分类号： H02H7/265

摘要： By forming current jump or surge signals and voltage jump or surge signals, in accordance with the changes as a function of time of the line current and line voltage in relation to the steady-state course of the current and voltage and comparison of such jump or surge signals with a threshold value, dependent upon the other jump or surge signal, or an appropriate threshold value function, there can be derived trip boundaries in the surge signal plane. Exceeding such trip boundaries in a direction from the inside towards the outside can be utilized as a fault criterion for producing a trip signal. With suitable trip boundaries, at least inclined in sections towards the coordinate axes owing to the aforementioned dependency of the comparison threshold values, which trip boundaries also may be curved, and arranged in spaced relationship from the coordinate-null point in the four quadrants of the surge signal-coordinate system there is realized a rapid fault detection which is comparatively foolproof against faulty tripping and by determining the quadrants where there occurs the initial exceeding of the threshold value, there likewise can be realized an equally rapid and positive fault-direction detection.

摘要翻译： 通过形成电流跳跃或浪涌信号以及电压跳变或浪涌信号，根据与电流和电压的稳态过程相关的线电流和线电压的时间的函数的变化以及这种跳跃或电压的比较 具有阈值的浪涌信号取决于其他跳跃或浪涌信号或适当的阈值函数，可以在浪涌信号平面中导出跳闸边界。 在从内向外的方向上超过这种跳闸边界可以用作产生跳闸信号的故障标准。 由于上述对比阈值的依赖性，具有合适的跳闸边界，至少部分地朝向坐标轴倾斜，该跳闸边界也可以是弯曲的，并且与第四个象限的四个象限中的坐标 - 零点 浪涌信号坐标系实现了一种快速故障检测，对故障跳闸相当愚蠢，通过确定发生初始超过阈值的象限，同样可以实现同样快速和正的故障方向检测。

公开(公告)号：US4179651A

公开(公告)日：1979-12-18

申请号：US835852

申请日：1977-09-22

申请人： Michael Vitins

发明人： Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： H02H3/40 ,  H02H7/26 ,  G01R31/02

CPC分类号： H02H3/40 ,  H02H7/265

摘要： An arrangement for supervising an electrical line for short circuits in which current and voltage signals are derived from the line current and line voltage at a predetermined measuring point. The current and voltage signals are relatively weighted by multiplying at least one of these signals by a weighting factor which is at least approximately free of phase rotation. At least one auxiliary signal is formed corresponding to the sum or difference in each case of a pair of relatively weighted current and voltage signals. An amplitude comparison is carried out between the auxiliary signal and a reference signal. The weighting factor is related to the current signal and the voltage signal, and is a quantity at least approximately corresponding to the characteristic line resistance or its reciprocal value. Two auxiliary signals may be formed by addition and subtraction respectively of a pair of relatively weighted current and voltage signals, and one of these auxiliary signals is used, in the amplitude comparison, as a reference signal for the other.

摘要翻译： 一种用于监控短路电路的布置，其中电流和电压信号是从预定测量点处的线路电流和线路电压导出的。 通过将这些信号中的至少一个乘以至少大致不相位旋转的加权因子来使电流和电压信号相对加权。 在一对相对加权的电流和电压信号的每种情况下，至少形成一个对应于和或差的辅助信号。 在辅助信号和参考信号之间进行幅度比较。 加权因子与电流信号和电压信号相关，并且是至少大致对应于特征线电阻或其倒数的量。 可以分别通过对一对相对加权的电流和电压信号进行加法和减法来形成两个辅助信号，并且在幅度比较中使用这些辅助信号中的一个作为另一个的参考信号。

公开(公告)号：US3983377A

公开(公告)日：1976-09-28

申请号：US591343

申请日：1975-06-30

申请人： Michael Vitins

发明人： Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H3/00 ,  G06G7/12

CPC分类号： G01R31/085

摘要： A method of, and apparatus for, detecting a fault location at an electrical conductor which entails forming a wave voltage and therefrom together with a measurement voltage a first wave function and a second wave function. Weighted functions are formed by multiplication of the first and second wave functions with a substantially cosine-type and sine-type signal, respectively, of a predetermined reference frequency. Integral functions are formed from the weighted functions. There is formed the product difference from those integral functions produced by cosine and sine weighting, respectively, of the first and second wave functions and integration, and/or the product sum from those integral functions formed by cosine weighting of the first and second wave functions or sine weighting of the first and second wave functions, respectively, and there is checked the sign of at least one of such product polynomials.

摘要翻译： 一种用于检测电导体上的故障位置的方法和装置，其需要形成波电压及其中的测量电压以及第一波函数和第二波函数。 加权函数通过第一和第二波函数与分别具有预定参考频率的基本上余弦型和正弦型信号相乘形成。 积分函数由加权函数形成。 与由第一和第二波函数和积分的余弦和正弦加权产生的积分函数以及/或由第一和第二波函数的余弦加权形成的积分函数的积和函数形成乘积差 或第一和第二波函数的正弦加权，并且检查这些乘积多项式中的至少一个的符号。