公开(公告)号：US4128805A

公开(公告)日：1978-12-05

申请号：US777527

申请日：1977-03-14

申请人： Otto Lanz

发明人： Otto Lanz

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H3/38

CPC分类号： G01R31/085 ,  H02H3/382

摘要： A method of, and apparatus for, locating a fault on a line, wherein current and voltage signals weighted relative to one another are formed from measurement signals corresponding to the line current and line voltage at a measurement location and after superimposing are used for a phase detection. At least one of the current signals or voltage signals is multiplied by a weighting factor at least approximately devoid of phase shift. From mutual relatively weighted current- and voltage signals there is determined the phase angle of a sinusoidal component of at least one auxiliary signal -- corresponding to the sum or difference of a respective pair of mutually relatively weighted measurement currents and measurement voltages -- in relation to a reference phase position which can be correlated to a reference location at the line.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在线路上定位故障的方法和装置，其中相对于彼此加权的电流和电压信号由对应于测量位置处的线路电流和线路电压的测量信号形成，并且在叠加之后用于相位 检测。 电流信号或电压信号中的至少一个与至少几乎没有相移的加权因子相乘。 从相互相对加权的电流和电压信号，确定至少一个辅助信号的正弦分量的相位角 - 对应于相应的一对相对加权的测量电流和测量电压的和或差，相对于 参考相位位置可以与行上的参考位置相关联。

公开(公告)号：US4599556A

公开(公告)日：1986-07-08

申请号：US457367

申请日：1983-01-12

申请人： Otto Lanz

发明人： Otto Lanz

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H7/26 ,  H02H3/40

CPC分类号： G01R31/086 ,  H02H7/265 ,  Y04S10/522

摘要： In an electrical power distribution system, line disturbances produce voltage and current travelling waves, or step-change signals, that are phase-shifted 90.degree. relative to each other. A simulation signal is derived from the current step-change signal and is in phase with the voltage step-change signal. The two in-phase signals are combined and compared with established limit values to determine when a fault occurs.

摘要翻译： 在配电系统中，线路干扰产生相对于彼此相移90度的电压和电流行波或阶跃变化信号。 仿真信号来自当前的步进变换信号，与电压阶跃变化信号同相。 将两个同相信号组合并与已建立的极限值进行比较，以确定何时发生故障。

公开(公告)号：US4590459A

公开(公告)日：1986-05-20

申请号：US733878

申请日：1985-05-14

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Martin Maschek ,  Georg Mastner

IPC分类号： H03M1/18 ,  H03M1/00 ,  H03M1/48

CPC分类号： H03M1/504

摘要： A digital integrator (1) having a 16-bit output is followed by a first 12-bit digital/analog converter (2a) which is supplied with the output bits 1-11 and 16 of the integrator (1) and which forms a first tracking loop with a first subtracter (3a), which forms a first difference signal from the output signal, proportional to the input signal of the analog/digital converter, of a first amplifier (4a) and the output signal of the first digital/analog converter (2a), and a tracking circuit (6) which generates tracking signals for the integrator (1) on the basis of the difference signal. To extend the dynamic range, a second 12-bit digital/analog converter (2b) is present which is supplied with bits 5-16 from the output of the integrator and which forms a second tracking loop with a second subtractor (3b) and a second amplifier (4b), the gain factor of which is 1/16th of the gain factor of the first amplifier (4a), to which loop a control logic (15) switches over when the range which can be covered with the first digital/analog converter (2a) is exceeded. Switching back takes place at the next zero crossing, that is to say change of the most significant bit. The digital/analog converter is particularly suitable for processing the output signal of a current or voltage converter.

摘要翻译： 具有16位输出的数字积分器（1）之后是第一个12位数字/模拟转换器（2a），其被提供有积分器（1）的输出位1-11和16，并且形成第一 跟随第一减法器（3a）的循环，其形成与第一放大器（4a）的模拟/数字转换器的输入信号成比例的输出信号的第一差分信号和第一数字/模拟信号的输出信号 转换器（2a）和跟踪电路（6），该跟踪电路（6）基于差分信号产生积分器（1）的跟踪信号。 为了扩展动态范围，存在第二个12位数/模转换器（2b），其从积分器的输出端提供位5-16，并且与第二减法器（3b）形成第二跟踪环路， 第二放大器（4b），其增益因子是第一放大器（4a）的增益因子的1/16，当可以覆盖第一数字/数字信号的范围时，控制逻辑（15）转换到哪个环路， 模拟转换器（2a）。 切换回到发生在下一个零交叉点，也就是说最高有效位的变化。 数字/模拟转换器特别适用于处理电流或电压转换器的输出信号。

公开(公告)号：US4063165A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US690611

申请日：1976-05-27

申请人： Otto Lanz

发明人： Otto Lanz

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： G01R31/085 ,  H02H7/265

摘要： An apparatus for localization of a line fault wherein at a measuring location on the line there is provided a voltage- and current-measurement circuit, the outputs of which carry a number of voltage-current signal pairs independent of one another with respect to the line inductances and line capacitances. A summation circuit having at least two outputs is connected with the measurement circuit through the agency of at least one voltage- and one current signal channel. In the summation circuit there are additively and subtractively superimposed at least one pair of mutually independent voltage- and current signals, if necessary after multiplication of at least one of these signals by a constant factor, into traveling wave signals associated with oppositely moving traveling waves, these traveling wave signals appearing at corresponding outputs of the summation circuit. An integration circuit forms time integrals of the traveling wave signals and an evaluation circuit links or processes at least two traveling wave-time integrals into an evaluation function characterizing the fault direction and/or the fault distance from the measuring location or at least a predetermined reference location on the line. The voltage signal channel encompasses two parallel branches, one of which comprises an oscillating circuit having a natural frequency contained in the fault-free line voltage.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位线路故障的设备，其中在线路上的测量位置处设置有电压和电流测量电路，其输出端相对于线路彼此独立地携带多个电压 - 电流信号对 电感和线电容。 具有至少两个输出的求和电路通过至少一个电压和一个电流信号通道的代理与测量电路连接。 在求和电路中，如果需要，将这些信号中的至少一个乘以恒定因子后，将至少一对相互独立的电压和电流信号相加和相减地叠加到与相对移动的行波相关联的行波信号中， 这些行波信号出现在求和电路的对应输出端。 积分电路形成行波信号的时间积分，并且评估电路将至少两个行波时间积分链接或处理成表征故障方向的评估函数和/或与测量位置或至少预定参考值的故障距离 位置在线 电压信号通道包含两个平行的分支，其中之一包括具有无故障线路电压中包含的固有频率的振荡电路。

公开(公告)号：US4063164A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US696140

申请日：1976-06-14

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Jiri Mastner ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Jiri Mastner ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  G01R31/02 ,  H02H3/00 ,  H02H3/40 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： H02H7/265 ,  G01R31/021 ,  G01R31/025

摘要： A method of and apparatus for the detection of short-circuits on lines operated with voltages and currents containing an alternating component, by detecting the temporal progression of the voltage and current at a measurement location in the form of measurement voltages and measurement currents. From the measurement voltage and measurement current or from magnitudes derived therefrom there are formed traveling wave signals of the form:a(t) = k. (u.sub.m + R.sub.w.i.sub.m) andb(t) = k. (-u.sub.m + R.sub.w.i.sub.m)wherein u.sub.m represents the measurement voltage and i.sub.m the measurement current or magnitudes derived therefrom, R.sub.w an impedance factor and k a freely introducable proportionality factor. There is monitored the mutual phase position of at least one respective frequency component of the oppositely moving traveling wave signals as a magnitude characterizing the condition of the line.

摘要翻译： 通过以测量电压和测量电流的形式检测在测量位置处的电压和电流的时间进展，用于检测在包含交变分量的电压和电流下操作的线上的短路的方法和装置。 从测量电压和测量电流或从其导出的量值，形成以下形式的行波信号：

公开(公告)号：US4063162A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US677685

申请日：1976-04-16

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08

CPC分类号： G01R31/085

摘要： A process and apparatus for locating faults on a line, wherein at least one signal (travelling-wave signal) associated with a progression thereof at the measuring location is formed from the voltage and current at a measuring location. There are formed travelling-wave signals corresponding in number to the phases or conductors in the line and decoupled from one another in relation to the line inductances and line capacitances. At least two time-integrals are formed with these travelling-wave signals or signals derived therefrom as integrands, each time integral being associated with one direction of wave-propagation on the line. These time-integrals are processed by an evaluating function which characterizes by way of its sign and magnitude the direction and distance of the fault from a predetermined reference location on the line, which function corresponds to a relationship prevailing at the fault location between the travelling waves proceeding in opposite directions on the line.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位线路上的故障的过程和装置，其中与测量位置处的进展相关联的至少一个信号（行波信号）由测量位置处的电压和电流形成。 形成了与线路中的相位或导体相对应的行波信号，并且相对于线路电感和线路电容彼此去耦合。 由这些行波信号或从其导出的信号作为被积式形成至少两个时间积分，每次积分与线上的一个波传播方向相关联。 这些时间积分由评估函数来处理，该评估函数通过其标志和幅度来表征故障与线路上的预定参考位置的方向和距离，该函数对应于在行波之间的故障位置处的关系 在相反的方向上行。

公开(公告)号：US4063160A

公开(公告)日：1977-12-13

申请号：US676983

申请日：1976-04-14

申请人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

发明人： Otto Lanz ,  Michael Vitins

IPC分类号： G01R31/08 ,  H02H7/26

CPC分类号： G01R31/085 ,  H02H7/265

摘要： A method of and apparatus for locating a fault on a line in which there is formed from the voltage and current at a test or measuring location at least one signal (travelling-wave signal) associated with a travelling wave on the line and its variation with time at the test location. There are formed a number of pairs of oppositely moving travelling-wave signals corresponding to the number of phases or conductors of the line and with these travelling-wave signals or signals derived therefrom as integrands there are formed at least two time-integrals each of which is associated with a direction of wave propagation on the line. The time integrals are combined into an evaluation function characterizing the fault direction or fault distance with respect to the test or measuring location, the evaluation function corresponding to a relation prevailing at the fault location between the oppositely moving travelling waves on the line.

摘要翻译： 一种用于定位线路上的故障的方法和装置，其中在测试或测量位置处由电压和电流形成的至少一个信号（行波信号）与行上的行波相关联，并且其变化与 时间在测试位置。 形成了多对相对于线路的相位数或导体的相反移动的行波信号，并且由于这些行波信号或从其导出的信号作为被积式，所以形成至少两个时间积分 与线上波传播的方向相关联。 将时间积分组合成表征相对于测试或测量位置的故障方向或故障距离的评估函数，评估函数对应于线路上相反移动的行波之间的故障位置处的关系。

公开(公告)号：US4252442A

公开(公告)日：1981-02-24

申请号：US26650

申请日：1979-04-03

申请人： Rene Dandliker ,  Otto Lanz

发明人： Rene Dandliker ,  Otto Lanz

IPC分类号： G01B11/00 ,  G02F1/1333 ,  G03F9/00 ,  G01B11/26

CPC分类号： G03F9/7049 ,  G02F2001/133354

摘要： A method and apparatus for mutually adjusting the positioning of planar, generally transparent components such as for example, small liquid-crystal plates. The plates are provided with marks specially structured to diffract incident collimated light, in a shape or direction which is characteristic for each plate. By means of a convergent lens, characteristic diffraction images produced by passing light through the marks are depicted on a detector located in the image plane of the convergent lens. The respective characteristic images of the marks are stopped down individually by means of a diaphragm located in the lens focal plane. The diaphragm can periodically be closed partially, so that control signals for the electronic displacement of each plate can be derived individually from the particular positions of the images of the marks on the detector, corresponding to the positions of the plates.

摘要翻译： 用于相互调整平面的，通常透明的部件（例如小型液晶板）的定位的方法和装置。 这些板具有特殊构造的衍射入射准直光的标记，其形状或方向是每个板的特征。 通过会聚透镜，通过将光通过标记产生的特征衍射图像描绘在位于会聚透镜的图像平面中的检测器上。 标记的各个特征图像通过位于透镜焦平面中的光阑来单独地停止。 隔膜可以周期性地部分闭合，从而可以从检测器上的标记的图像的特定位置分别导出每个板的电子位移的控制信号，对应于板的位置。

公开(公告)号：US4225241A

公开(公告)日：1980-09-30

申请号：US862604

申请日：1977-12-20

申请人： Rene Dandliker ,  Otto Lanz ,  Francois Mottier

发明人： Rene Dandliker ,  Otto Lanz ,  Francois Mottier

IPC分类号： G03F9/00 ,  G01B11/14

CPC分类号： G03F9/00

摘要： A method and apparatus for adjusting the relative positioning of planar transparent objects, such as the two glass plates of a liquid crystal display, (LCD). Textured transparent markings are disposed on the planar transparent objects. Thereafter a collimated light beam is passed through the transparent textured markings and refracted thereby. Images of the textured markings are observed and detected, whereupon the relative positioning of the planar transparent objects is adjusted until the detected images are aligned in a predetermined spatial orientation. Also disclosed is a novel liquid crystal display having the transparent textured markings provided on the transparent electrode layers of the LCD device.

摘要翻译： 一种用于调节诸如液晶显示器的两个玻璃板（LCD）的平面透明物体的相对定位的方法和装置。 纹理透明标记设置在平面透明物体上。 此后，准直光束通过透明纹理标记并由此折射。 观察并检测纹理标记的图像，由此调整平面透明物体的相对定位直到检测到的图像以预定的空间取向对准。 还公开了一种新颖的液晶显示器，其具有设置在LCD装置的透明电极层上的透明纹理标记。