Abstract:
Temperature control in an electrochemical conversion process is effected by maintaining a layer of feedstock on the surface of the electrolyte in an electrolytic cell provided with a porous electrode. A portion of said feedstock layer enters the pores of said porous electrode and is at least partially converted therein. A cell effluent stream is withdrawn through a reflux condenser, is partially condensed, condensate is returned as reflux to cool said cell, and conversion products are recovered from the uncondensed portion of said cell effluent stream.
Abstract:
A combination electrode comprising a porous element, e.g., porous carbon, and a metal element in contact with an outer exposed surface of said porous element.
Abstract:
Circulation of electrolyte in an electrochemical cell, e.g., fluorination cell, is maintained sufficiently high to keep solids in suspension. In the cell there is a relatively small settling zone provided with a removal bucket or other means for disposing of sludge which is collected in said zone. A cyclone arrangement, deceleration through an orifice or other means can be provided to cause the sludge to enter the bucket. Natural gas-lift combined with convection circulation can be relied on to maintain sufficient velocity to keep the sludge in suspension throughout the cell except in the settling section. The cell is usually equipped with cooling means such as a tubes-and-sheets heat exchanger structure.
Abstract:
IN AN ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESS, THE REACTION TAKES PLACE WITHIN THE CONFINES OF A POROUS ELECTRODE ELEMENT IN WHICH THE PORES OF THE LOWER PORTION HAVE A LOWER EFFECTIVE SIZE THAN THE PORES OF THE UPPER PORTION.