摘要:
A hydroformylation process is provided that involves reacting a compound having at least one olefinic carbon-to-carbon bond with hydrogen and carbon monoxide in the presence of a cobalt catalyst and a sulfur-containing additive which suppresses the formation of cobalt carbide in the reaction mixture.
摘要:
The invention relates to a hydroformylation process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting one or more ethylenically unsaturated compound(s) in a reaction zone with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas in the presence of a solvent and a homogeneous catalyst based on a Group 8, 9 or 10 metal, and a non-ionically charged phosphorus ligand to form a crude hydroformylation product; (b) allowing a major portion of the solvent, wherein a major portion of the catalyst is dissolved, to separate and be withdrawn from the crude hydroformylation product in a phase separation zone; (c) removing from the separated hydroformylation product emerging from step (b) substantially all remaining catalyst dissolved therein with a non-aqueous extractant in an extraction zone.
摘要:
A process for preparing refined acrylic esters, the process including steps of distilling an acrylic ester containing stream in the presence of hydroquinone or substituted hydroquinone, at a concentration in the range of 200 to 5000 ppmw, wherein the distillation is carried out in the presence of 0.001 to 1.0 % v, on the vapor phase, of oxygen.
摘要:
A process for producing branched olefins from a mixed linear olefin/paraffin isomerisation feed comprising linear olefins having at least 7 carbon atoms in 5-50% w comprising in a first stage skeletally isomerising linear olefins in the isomerisation feed and in a second stage separating branched and linear molecules wherein branched molecules are substantially olefinic and linear molecules are olefinic and/or paraffinic; novel stages and combinations thereof; apparatus therefor; use of catalysts and the like therein; and use of branched olefins obtained thereby.
摘要:
A process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprisinga) a source of platinum group metal cations;b) a source of non-halide anions;c) a source of at least one bidentate ligand of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R represents a bivalent bridging group containing from 1-4 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent a bivalent substituted or unsubstituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.1, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbyl group, or together represent a bivalent substituted or unsubstituted cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.2 ; andd) a source of halide anions chosen from the group of chloride, iodide and bromide and mixtures thereof, characterized by the additional presence of water, in an amount of more than 0.6 wt % based on the total of the reaction mixture and up to its solubility limit under the reaction conditions.
摘要翻译:一种在催化剂体系存在下用一氧化碳和氢气加成甲烯化不饱和化合物的方法,包括:a)铂族金属阳离子源; b)非卤化物阴离子的来源; c)至少一种式R 1 R 2 M 1 R M 2 R 3 R 4(I)的二齿配体的源,其中M1和M2独立地表示磷,砷或锑原子,R表示在桥中含有1-4个原子的二价桥连基团,R 1和R 2 一起代表二价取代或未取代的环状基团,其中两个自由价与M1连接,R3和R4独立地表示取代或未取代的烃基,或一起表示二价取代或未取代的环状基团,由此两个自由价与 M2; 和d)选自氯化物,碘化物和溴化物及其混合物的卤化物阴离子源,其特征在于额外存在水,其量大于基于反应混合物总量的0.6重量%,直到 其在反应条件下的溶解度极限。
摘要:
The invention relates to a catalyst system, which comprises a source of a Group VIII metal and a polyphosphine. The invention further relates to a process for the preparation of alpha, beta-olefinically unsaturated compounds utilizing this catalyst system.
摘要:
A process for the pulping of lignocellulose-containing material, wherein the material is contacted with a pulping medium containing at least 75% by weight of a solvent system, which solvent system comprises from 20 to 95% by weight formic acid; from 5 to 80% by weight of at least one member selected from primary alcohols having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and esters of formic acid with primary alcohols having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and up to 70% by weight of at least one component selected from acetic acid and esters of acetic acid with primary alcohols having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; and allowing the material to digest at a temperature in ther range of from 140.degree. to 200.degree. C.
摘要:
A process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising:a) a source of palladium, platinum, or nickel cations;b) a source of anions, other than halide anions, such as unsubstituted alkyl sulfonic acids, aryl sulfonic acids, perfluorinated alkyl sulfonic acids, perfluorinated aryl sulfonic acids, boric acid derivatives or alkylated versions thereof;c) a source of at least one bidentate ligands of the formulaR.sup.1 R.sup.2 M.sup.1 RM.sup.2 R.sup.3 R.sup.4 (I)wherein M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 independently represent a phosphorus, arsenic or antimony atom, R represents a bivalent bridging group containing from 1-4 atoms in the bridge, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together represent a bivalent cyclic group whereby the two.cndot.free valencies are linked to M.sup.1, and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently represent a hydrocarbyl group, or together represent a bivalent cyclic group whereby the two free valencies are linked to M.sup.2 ;wherein said source of cations, anions, and ligands are selected to form a catalyst system having a solubility of at least 2.times.10.sup.-4 mole of the cation a) per liter of a liquid mixture comprising said ethylenically unsaturated compound and the hydroformylation products;and separating the hydroformylation products from the catalyst system in a solventless evaporative separator such as a falling film evaporator or a wiping film evaporator.
摘要翻译:一种在催化剂体系存在下用一氧化碳和氢气加成甲烯化不饱和化合物的方法,包括:a)钯,铂或镍阳离子源; b)除卤素阴离子之外的阴离子源,例如未取代的烷基磺酸,芳基磺酸,全氟化烷基磺酸,全氟化芳基磺酸,硼酸衍生物或其烷基化形式; c)至少一种式R 1 R 2 M 1 R M 2 R 3 R 4(I)的二齿配体的源,其中M1和M2独立地表示磷,砷或锑原子,R表示在桥中含有1-4个原子的二价桥连基团,R1和R2 一起表示二价环状基团,其中两个无价数与M1连接,R3和R4独立地表示烃基,或一起表示二价环状基团,由此两个自由基与M2连接; 其中所述阳离子,阴离子和配体源被选择以形成具有至少2×10 -4摩尔阳离子a)/升的包含所述烯属不饱和化合物和加氢甲酰化产物的液体混合物的溶解度的催化剂体系; 并在无溶剂蒸发分离器如降膜蒸发器或擦拭膜蒸发器中将催化剂体系中的加氢甲酰化产物分离。
摘要:
A process is provided for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds having at least 4 carbon atoms by reaction thereof with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system obtainable by combining: a) a source of Group VIII metal cations; b) a source of anions; and c) a source of phosphine ligands, wherein the solvent is a C.sub.1, to C.sub.10 alkane or alkene having two or more cyano groups attached.
摘要:
The invention relates to a process for the carbonylation of an olefinically or acetylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon compound by reaction with carbon monoxide and a hydroxy compound in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a source of cationic palladium, a source of phosphine and a protonic acid, which reaction is carried out in the presence of a free radical inhibitor.