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公开(公告)号：US5751454A
公开(公告)日：1998-05-12
申请号：US728427
申请日：1996-10-10
CPC分类号： H04J14/0289 , H04J14/0212 , H04J14/0227 , H04J14/0283 , H04Q11/0062 , H04J14/0282 , H04J14/0284 , H04Q11/0066 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0086 , H04Q2011/0092
摘要： The invention is directed to the use of wavelength channels to bypass nodes in ring networks. For networks with a small number of nodes, direct node to node routes are provided without changing the physical layout of the fibre in the ring. Architectures providing complete transparent interconnections with extra capacity for heavily used routes on a portion of the ring are disclosed. For networks with a large number of nodes, underconnected networks provide a number of accelerated, direct routes between some of the nodes. Proposed architectures for underconnected networks and methods for self-routing the traffic are also provided.
摘要翻译： 本发明涉及使用波长信道来绕过环形网络中的节点。 对于具有少量节点的网络，提供直接的节点到节点路由而不改变环中的光纤的物理布局。 公开了提供完整的透明互连的体系结构，其具有在环的一部分上的大量使用的路线的额外容量。 对于具有大量节点的网络，不连接的网络在一些节点之间提供了多条加速的直接路由。 还提供了用于不连接网络的建议架构和自动路由流量的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20110204841A9
公开(公告)日：2011-08-25
申请号：US12654049
申请日：2009-12-09
申请人： R. Ian MacDonald , Neil Teitelbaum
发明人： R. Ian MacDonald , Neil Teitelbaum
CPC分类号： H01M8/227 , H01M8/188 , H01M14/00 , Y02E60/528
摘要： A method and apparatus are described for storing electrical power in the form of relative chemical potential between a concentrated solution, typically salt brine, and a dilute version of the same solution. To recover the power, the concentrated solution and dilute solution are supplied to a means for transforming the difference in their chemical potential into electrical power by such means as pressure retarded osmosis or reverse electrodialysis. In operation such means take in the concentrated and dilute solutions and exhaust a solution of intermediate concentration. The concentrated solution is supplied from a container such as a pond. It is generated by evaporation of the intermediate concentration solution in a second, separate pond, which receives the exhaust from the power generation means. The exhaust solution is concentrated by evaporation and is transferred into the first pond when the concentration has reached a sufficient level. To obtain a high evaporation rate in a relatively small evaporation area, the evaporation is enhanced to a rate faster than that obtained at the liquid surface of an open pond of the solution by employing electrical evaporation enhancement means. The electrical evaporation enhancement means is programmed to draw power from an electrical supply grid during periods when electricity demand is low and or when the cost of electricity is below or equal to an average cost over a period such as a diurnal cycle. When demand is high the enhancement is discontinued and the power generation means uses the stored concentrated brine to generate extra electrical power. Therefore the enhancement means would be used less than 30% of the time when the stored concentrated brine is being used to generate electrical power.
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3.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20110086250A1
公开(公告)日：2011-04-14
申请号：US12971258
申请日：2010-12-17
申请人： R. Ian MacDonald , Neil Teitelbaum
发明人： R. Ian MacDonald , Neil Teitelbaum
IPC分类号： H01M14/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/227 , H01M8/18 , H01M14/00 , Y02E60/528
摘要： Electrical energy is stored in a concentrated solution. To recover the energy, the concentrated solution is rediluted for example by pressure retarded osmosis. The concentrated solution is generated by evaporation of the exhaust solution from the energy recovery process. The evaporation is enhanced by electrically powered enhancement means and the corresponding electrical input constitutes the power to be stored. The enhanced evaporation also draws heat from the environment, whereby the input electrical energy is augmented, partially or completely offsetting inefficiencies in the system. In grid applications, when demand for electricity is high the enhancement is discontinued and power is generated from the stored concentrated brine. Alternatively the evaporation enhancement may draw power from a power source that does not operate continuously, such as a renewable energy source. The stored brine is employed to generate power during periods when the renewable energy source falls below a predetermined power supply capability.
摘要翻译： 电能存储在浓缩溶液中。 为了回收能量，浓缩溶液例如通过压力延迟渗透进行再稀释。 通过从能量回收过程蒸发排出溶液产生浓缩溶液。 通过电力增强装置增强蒸发，并且相应的电输入构成要被存储的功率。 增强的蒸发还从环境中吸收热量，由此输入电能增加，部分或完全抵消了系统中的低效率。 在电网应用中，当电力需求高时，增强停止，并从储存的浓缩盐水产生电力。 或者，蒸发增强可以从不连续操作的电源（例如可再生能源）获取电力。 在可再生能源低于预定的供电能力的时段期间，储存的盐水被用于发电。
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公开(公告)号：US20110050158A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-03
申请号：US12654049
申请日：2009-12-09
申请人： R. Ian MacDonald , Neil Teitelbaum
发明人： R. Ian MacDonald , Neil Teitelbaum
CPC分类号： H01M8/227 , H01M8/188 , H01M14/00 , Y02E60/528
摘要： A method and apparatus are described for storing electrical power in the form of relative chemical potential between a concentrated solution, typically salt brine, and a dilute version of the same solution. To recover the power, the concentrated solution and dilute solution are supplied to a means for transforming the difference in their chemical potential into electrical power by such means as pressure retarded osmosis or reverse electrodialysis. In operation such means take in the concentrated and dilute solutions and exhaust a solution of intermediate concentration. The concentrated solution is supplied from a container such as a pond. It is generated by evaporation of the intermediate concentration solution in a second, separate pond, which receives the exhaust from the power generation means. The exhaust solution is concentrated by evaporation and is transferred into the first pond when the concentration has reached a sufficient level. To obtain a high evaporation rate in a relatively small evaporation area, the evaporation is enhanced to a rate faster than that obtained at the liquid surface of an open pond of the solution by employing electrical evaporation enhancement means. The electrical evaporation enhancement means is programmed to draw power from an electrical supply grid during periods when electricity demand is low and or when the cost of electricity is below or equal to an average cost over a period such as a diurnal cycle. When demand is high the enhancement is discontinued and the power generation means uses the stored concentrated brine to generate extra electrical power. Therefore the enhancement means would be used less than 30% of the time when the stored concentrated brine is being used to generate electrical power.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种方法和装置，用于以浓缩的溶液（通常为盐水）和相同溶液的稀释形式之间的相对化学势的形式存储电力。 为了回收功率，将浓缩溶液和稀释溶液供给到通过诸如压阻渗透或反向电渗析的方法将其化学势差异转化为电功率的装置。 在操作中，这样的方法是采取浓缩和稀释的溶液并排出中等浓度的溶液。 浓缩溶液由池塘等容器供给。 它是通过中间浓度溶液的蒸发而产生的，该第二分离的池中接收来自发电装置的废气。 排气溶液通过蒸发浓缩，当浓度达到足够的水平时，将其转移到第一池塘中。 为了在相对小的蒸发区域中获得高蒸发速率，通过采用电蒸发增强装置，蒸发增强到比在溶液的开放池塘的液体表面获得的速度更快的速率。 电气蒸发增强装置被编程为在电力需求低的时期以及电力成本低于或等于诸如昼间循环的时间段内的平均成本时从电力供应电网中获取电力。 当需求量高时，中断增强，并且发电装置使用储存的浓缩盐水产生额外的电力。 因此，当存储的浓缩盐水用于产生电力时，增强装置将被使用少于30％的时间。
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公开(公告)号：US4286171A
公开(公告)日：1981-08-25
申请号：US17722
申请日：1979-03-05
申请人： Elmer H. Hara , R. Ian MacDonald
发明人： Elmer H. Hara , R. Ian MacDonald
CPC分类号： H04Q3/526
摘要： The optoelectronic cross-point switch suitable for a broadband switching array includes a photodiode which converts an optical signal impinging upon it to an electronic signal and a biasing circuit for selectively reverse biasing the photodiode to render the photodiode responsive to the optical signal or forward biasing the photodiode to render the photodiode substantially non-responsive to an optical signal. The biasing circuit consists of positive and negative voltage sources and a controllable switch to connect the sources to the photodiode. A load circuit which is connected to the photodiode for developing the output signal may consist of a single resistor, a pair of series resistors, an operational amplifier with feedback or an rf transformer. The load circuit can also include an rf switching diode connected to the photodiode to improve isolation and to reduce the electrical power required to forward bias the photodiode.
摘要翻译： 适用于宽带开关阵列的光电交叉点开关包括将入射到其上的光学信号转换为电子信号的光电二极管，以及用于选择性地反向偏置光电二极管以使光电二极管响应于光信号或向前偏置的偏置电路 光电二极管以使光电二极管对光信号基本上不响应。 偏置电路由正负电压源和可控开关组成，将源极连接到光电二极管。 连接到用于显影输出信号的光电二极管的负载电路可以由单个电阻器，一对串联电阻器，具有反馈的运算放大器或rf变压器组成。 负载电路还可以包括连接到光电二极管的rf开关二极管，以改善隔离度并减少正向偏置光电二极管所需的电功率。
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公开(公告)号：US5376786A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-27
申请号：US51475
申请日：1993-04-22
申请人： R. Ian MacDonald
发明人： R. Ian MacDonald
CPC分类号： G02B6/2861
摘要： An improved fiber optic delay line filter is disclosed having each fiber optic light path terminate on a corresponding photo detector adapted to convert the received optical signal to a commensurate electrical signal in bi-polar proportion to an electrical bias level provided to the photo detector where the bias level for each photo detector is independently settable and the outputs of all of the photodetectors are summed to produce an output electrical signal that is filtered by the arranged fiber optic delay line transversal filter.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的光纤延迟线滤波器，其中每个光纤光路终止在相应的光电检测器上，该光电检测器适于将接收到的光信号转换成相对于提供给光电检测器的电偏置电平的双极化比例的相应电信号， 每个光电检测器的偏置电平是可独立设置的，并且所有光电检测器的输出相加以产生由布置的光纤延迟线横向滤波器滤波的输出电信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4506151A
公开(公告)日：1985-03-19
申请号：US402394
申请日：1982-07-27
申请人： R. Ian MacDonald , Elmer H. Hara , Robert H. Hum
发明人： R. Ian MacDonald , Elmer H. Hara , Robert H. Hum
CPC分类号： H03K19/14
摘要： Logic circuits employ photoresponsive GaAs field effect transistors to directly drive GaAs laser diodes to provide optical output signals in response to optical input signals. Since the only electrical inputs are DC bias voltages, each such circuit can be readily decoupled, such as for use in electrically noisy environments. The optical output represents a predetermined logic condition in response to a predetermined operating current applied to the laser diode as a result of the operation of the photoresponsive device. Two photoresponsive devices may be used to apply two different operating current magnitudes to the laser diode to produce two different optical output signals.
摘要翻译： 逻辑电路采用光响应GaAs场效应晶体管直接驱动GaAs激光二极管，以响应于光输入信号提供光输出信号。 由于唯一的电输入是直流偏置电压，所以每个这样的电路可以容易地去耦合，例如用于电噪声环境中。 光输出表示响应于作为光响应装置的操作而施加到激光二极管的预定工作电流的预定逻辑条件。 可以使用两个光响应器件来向激光二极管施加两个不同的工作电流大小以产生两个不同的光输出信号。
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公开(公告)号：US4369371A
公开(公告)日：1983-01-18
申请号：US209956
申请日：1980-11-24
IPC分类号： H02M1/08 , H03K17/78 , H03K17/785 , H04Q3/52 , G02B27/00
CPC分类号： H03K17/785 , H04Q3/526
摘要： The optoelectronic switch includes a photosensitive GaAs FET onto which an optical signal may be directed. The optical signal is derived from an RF modulated light source. A voltage circuit is connected to the FET to switch the FET "on" or "off" by placing a positive or zero voltage respectively on the drain. An isolation of over 70 dB is obtained in this FET switch.
摘要翻译： 光电开关包括光敏GaAs FET，光信号可以被引导到其上。 光信号源自RF调制光源。 电压电路连接到FET，通过在漏极上分别放置正或零电压来将FET“开”或“关”。 在该FET开关中可获得超过70 dB的隔离。
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