Nanofluid contact potential difference battery

    公开(公告)号:US11715852B2

    公开(公告)日:2023-08-01

    申请号:US17670838

    申请日:2022-02-14

    Abstract: A nanofluid contact potential difference cell includes a cathode with a lower work function and an anode with a higher work function separated by a nanometer-scale spaced inter-electrode gap containing a nanofluid with intermediate work function nanoparticle clusters. The cathode comprises a refractory layer and a thin film of electrosprayed dipole nanoparticle clusters partially covering a surface of the refractory layer. A thermal power source, placed in thermal contact with the cathode, to drive an electrical current through an electrical circuit connecting the cathode and anode with an external electrical load in between. A switch is configured to intermittently connect the anode and the cathode to maintain non-equilibrium between a first current from the cathode to the anode and a second current from the anode to the cathode.

    Secondary cell
    6.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US09887441B2

    公开(公告)日:2018-02-06

    申请号:US13856029

    申请日:2013-04-03

    Inventor: Akira Nakazawa

    CPC classification number: H01M14/005 H01M4/131 H01M10/00 H01M10/02 H01M14/00

    Abstract: A secondary cell is provided that enables cost reduction and stable operation with a simple configuration and greatly exceeds the capacity of a lithium-ion cell. In a secondary cell, a conductive first electrode is formed on a substrate. An n-type metal oxide semiconductor layer, a charging layer for charging energy, a p-type metal oxide semiconductor layer, and a second electrode are laminated. The charging layer is filled with an n-type metal oxide semiconductor of fine particles. By a photoexcited structural change phenomenon caused by ultraviolet irradiation, a new energy level is formed in a band gap of the n-type metal oxide semiconductor. An electron is captured at the newly formed energy level, thereby charging energy. The charging layer is charged by connecting a power source between the first electrode and the second electrode. It is also possible to charge energy by light, using a transparent electrode.

    THERMOELECTRIC DEVICE
    7.
    发明申请

    公开(公告)号:US20170373326A1

    公开(公告)日:2017-12-28

    申请号:US15626400

    申请日:2017-06-19

    Abstract: A thermoelectric device includes a tubular electrode filled with an electrolyte, a core rod electrode inserted in the tubular electrode and in contact with the electrolyte, and at least one plug configured to separate the tubular electrode from the core rod electrode and to cover a filling opening of the tubular electrode. The plug is located between the tubular electrode and the core rod electrode. When the tubular electrode and the core rod electrode have a temperature difference, thermal energy can be directly converted into electric energy by the redox reaction of the electrolyte, and the tubular electrode and the core rod electrode can generate electromotive force. In particular, the thermoelectric device may use the structural design between the tubular electrode and the core rod electrode to provide a greater contact area with a heat source, and may be directly immersed in a heat source.

    Gravoltaic cells
    10.
    发明授权

    公开(公告)号:US09742049B2

    公开(公告)日:2017-08-22

    申请号:US15240138

    申请日:2016-08-18

    Inventor: Douglas W. Houle

    CPC classification number: H01M14/00 Y10T29/49108

    Abstract: Gravoltaic cell devices and methods are disclosed for producing robust electrochemical gravoltaic cells that convert a gravitational force into electrical energy. The cells includes a reaction vessel and a first stationary homogeneous volume of dissociated aqueous cations and a second stationary homogeneous aqueous volume of dissociated aqueous reactant cations, both volumes being disposed within the reaction vessel, and providing bulk solvent and anions a stationary bulk volume of a homogeneous mixture of solvent and dissociated anions collectively disposed homogeneously throughout the two layers of dissociated aqueous cations. The cell also includes an anode junction providing electrochemically active dissimilar anode/cation chemical species junction. The cell also includes a cathode junction providing a gravity-sustained electrochemically passive similar cathode/cation chemical species junction. One of the several purposes of the present invention is to further study and define said properties and to develop longer lasting interfaces.

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