Abstract:
An operational transconductance amplifier comprises first and second transistors connected in a gain-controlled emitter-coupled differential amplifier configuration and provided active collector loads by the input ports of a first and a second current mirror amplifiers, respectively. The balanced signals appearing at the output ports of the first and the second current mirror amplifiers in response to the balanced signal variations in the collector currents of the first and second transistors are converted to single-ended form by a third current mirror amplifier having its input and output ports connected to the output ports of the first and second current mirror amplifiers, respectively. Improved high-frequency operation of the gain controllable operational transconductance amplifier as an analog multiplier is obtained by applying common mode currents to the input ports of the first and second current mirror amplifiers. The responses to these common mode currents counteract and cancel each other in the output signal from the operation transconductance amplifier.
Abstract:
A sample and hold circuit using a first and second operational transconductance amplifier with a voltage storing device connected in circuit between the first and second amplifiers. A sample of the amplitude level of an input signal is stored in the storage device at predetermined times when the first amplifier is rendered operative. The sampled level is provided at the circuit output terminal at other predetermined times when the second amplifier is rendered operative.
Abstract:
One portion of a constant current is applied to one semiconductor device and the remainder to a second semiconductor device. When the temperature difference between the devices changes, the division of current also changes. An operational amplifier responsive to this division of current may be employed to drive an indicator of the temperature difference and to reestablish the original temperature difference between the devices.
Abstract:
An operational transconductance amplifier receives an input signal to be modulated at one of its inverting or non-inverting input terminals and a modulating signal at its transconductance control terminal. A signal proportioning circuit, also receptive of the modulating signal minimizes feedthrough of the modulating signal to the output terminal by applying a portion thereof to both the inverting and non-inverting input terminals.
Abstract:
Improved high-frequency performance is obtained for a bipolar transistorized current mirror, fabricated as an integrated circuit, through the addition of a field-effect transistor(FET). The conduction path of the FET is placed in series with the output current path of the mirror and the gate electrode is coupled to the input terminal of the mirror. The FET maintains increased output current flow to a load as the frequency increases, thereby compensating for the reduction in gain, with frequency, of the bipolar mirror transistors. This same circuit may be operated as a degenerative FET amplifier, with the mirror providing the quiescent bias for the FET and operating as a degenerative source impedance.
Abstract:
A rectified current wave is produced proportional to the difference in alternating currents passing through a pair of line conductors. This wave is compared in phase with the line voltage to distinguish between an undesired resistive connection from one of the line conductors to ground (a ''''ground fault'''') and capacitive unbalance between the line conductors and ground.
Abstract:
An input signal representing one quantity X is applied to two amplifiers for producing an output signal proportional to the difference of the transconductance of the respective amplifiers and the amplitude of the signal. A second input signal representing a second quantity Y is employed to adjust the transconductance of the two amplifiers in a sense and amount such that the net output signal formed by the sum of the two output signals they produce is proportional to the product of X and Y.