公开(公告)号：US20090019411A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-15

申请号：US12140188

申请日：2008-06-16

申请人： Rajit Chandra ,  Adi Srinivasan ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Rajit Chandra ,  Adi Srinivasan ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： G06F17/50

CPC分类号： G06F17/5009 ,  G06F17/5031 ,  G06F17/5036 ,  G06F17/5072 ,  G06F2217/80 ,  H01L2224/05554 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48137 ,  H01L2224/48227 ,  H01L2224/49111 ,  H01L2224/73253 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H01L2924/00014

摘要： In a first variation, a thermally aware design automation suite integrates system-level thermal awareness into design of semiconductor chips, performing fine-grain thermal simulations of the chips based on thermal models and boundary conditions. The suite uses results of the simulations to modify thermally significant structures to achieve desired thermal variations across a chip, meet design assertions on selected portions of the chip, and verify overall performance and reliability of the chip over designated operating ranges and manufacturing variations. In a second variation, a discretization approach models chip temperature distributions using heuristics to adaptively grid space in three dimensions. Adaptive and locally variable grid spacing techniques are used to efficiently and accurately converge for steady state and/or transient temperature solutions. The modeling optionally reads a mesh initialization file specifying selected aspects and parameters associated with controlling use and behavior of the variable grid spacing techniques.

摘要翻译： 在第一种变型中，热感知设计自动化套件将系统级热感知集成到半导体芯片的设计中，基于热模型和边界条件执行芯片的细粒度热模拟。 该套件使用模拟结果来修改热显着结构，以实现跨芯片所需的热变化，满足芯片选定部分的设计断言，并验证芯片在指定工作范围和制造变化方面的整体性能和可靠性。 在第二个变体中，离散化方法使用启发式将芯片温度分布建模成三维自适应网格空间。 自适应和局部可变网格间距技术用于有效和准确地收敛稳态和/或瞬态温度解。 该建模可选地读取指定与控制可变网格间距技术的使用和行为相关联的所选方面和参数的网格初始化文件。

公开(公告)号：US07823102B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-26

申请号：US12140188

申请日：2008-06-16

申请人： Rajit Chandra ,  Adi Srinivasan ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Rajit Chandra ,  Adi Srinivasan ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： G06F17/50

CPC分类号： G06F17/5009 ,  G06F17/5031 ,  G06F17/5036 ,  G06F17/5072 ,  G06F2217/80 ,  H01L2224/05554 ,  H01L2224/48091 ,  H01L2224/48137 ,  H01L2224/48227 ,  H01L2224/49111 ,  H01L2224/73253 ,  H01L2924/15311 ,  H01L2924/00014

摘要： In a first variation, a thermally aware design automation suite integrates system-level thermal awareness into design of semiconductor chips, performing fine-grain thermal simulations of the chips based on thermal models and boundary conditions. The suite uses results of the simulations to modify thermally significant structures to achieve desired thermal variations across a chip, meet design assertions on selected portions of the chip, and verify overall performance and reliability of the chip over designated operating ranges and manufacturing variations. In a second variation, a discretization approach models chip temperature distributions using heuristics to adaptively grid space in three dimensions. Adaptive and locally variable grid spacing techniques are used to efficiently and accurately converge for steady state and/or transient temperature solutions. The modeling optionally reads a mesh initialization file specifying selected aspects and parameters associated with controlling use and behavior of the variable grid spacing techniques.

摘要翻译： 在第一种变型中，热感知设计自动化套件将系统级热感知集成到半导体芯片的设计中，基于热模型和边界条件执行芯片的细粒度热模拟。 该套件使用模拟结果来修改热显着结构，以实现芯片上所需的热变化，满足芯片选定部分的设计断言，并验证芯片在指定工作范围和制造变化方面的整体性能和可靠性。 在第二个变体中，离散化方法使用启发式将芯片温度分布建模成三维自适应网格空间。 自适应和局部可变网格间距技术用于有效和准确地收敛稳态和/或瞬态温度解。 该建模可选地读取指定与控制可变网格间距技术的使用和行为相关联的所选方面和参数的网格初始化文件。

公开(公告)号：US06507938B1

公开(公告)日：2003-01-14

申请号：US09439877

申请日：1999-11-12

申请人： Kalapi Roy-Neogi ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Kalapi Roy-Neogi ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： G06F1750

CPC分类号： G06F17/5072 ,  G06F17/5031

摘要： Methods for improving the performance of VLSI layouts designed by a timing driven physical design tool. According to one embodiment of the present invention cells of a circuit design are placed in a placement of an integrated circuit, and wires are routed between the cells to complete a layout of the integrated circuit having a number of nets. The placement is analyzed for timing performance, and an improved location is identified for each cell in the placement. The improved location is identified based on an estimated savings in delays caused by all of the nets in the layout to a signal propagating through the layout when the cell is placed in the improved location and a net criticality of each net in the layout.

摘要翻译： 用于提高由时序驱动的物理设计工具设计的VLSI布局的性能的方法。 根据本发明的一个实施例，将电路设计的单元放置在集成电路的布置中，并且电线在单元之间布线以完成具有多个网的集成电路的布局。 分析放置位置的时序性能，并为位置中的每个单元格确定改进的位置。 基于当将单元放置在改进的位置中时布局中的所有网络所引起的延迟对通过布局的传播的信号的估计节省以及布局中的每个网络的净关键性，来估计改进的位置。

公开(公告)号：US06134513A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US956868

申请日：1997-10-23

申请人： Nanda Gopal

发明人： Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： G06F17/50

CPC分类号： G06F17/5036

摘要： A computer implemented method for simulating a resistive circuit, including a plurality of macro circuits that are arranged hierarchically. The method includes the steps of reading a netlist description of the resistive circuit and recursively traversing the resistive circuit starting from terminal nodes of a macro circuit at a highest level of hierarchy using precharacterizations of each of the plurality of macro circuits to determine node voltages and branch currents of the resistive circuit.

摘要翻译： 一种用于模拟电阻电路的计算机实现方法，包括分层布置的多个宏电路。 该方法包括以下步骤：读取电阻电路的网表描述，并且以最高层次的宏电路的终端节点从多个宏电路中的每一个的先前特征向下循环遍历电阻电路，以确定节点电压和分支 电阻电路的电流。

公开(公告)号：US07810549B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-12

申请号：US11620301

申请日：2007-01-05

申请人： Naiyi Li ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Naiyi Li ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： B22D17/04

CPC分类号： B22D17/04 ,  B22D17/2272

摘要： A method and apparatus for the casting of metal components is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plunger for drawing molten metal from a crucible of hot metal and for forcing the drawn molten metal through the system, a hot runner assembly having a nozzle tip positioned adjacent the mold cavity, and a machine nozzle disposed between the plunger and the hot runner assembly. An adaptive and universal hot runner manifold having removable hot runner injectors fitted thereto is provided for use with a variety of castings.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种铸造金属部件的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于从熔融金属坩埚抽出熔融金属并迫使拉拔的熔融金属穿过该系统的柱塞，具有邻近模腔定位的喷嘴头的热流道组件，以及设置在柱塞和 热流道组件 提供了一种具有安装在其上的可拆卸热流道注射器的适应性和通用热流道歧管，用于与各种铸件一起使用。

公开(公告)号：US20080115907A1

公开(公告)日：2008-05-22

申请号：US11560416

申请日：2006-11-16

申请人： Naiyi Li ,  Ronald Cooper ,  Jim deVries ,  Nanda Gopal ,  Christopher W. Lee ,  Tom Scholten ,  Raymond Silva

发明人： Naiyi Li ,  Ronald Cooper ,  Jim deVries ,  Nanda Gopal ,  Christopher W. Lee ,  Tom Scholten ,  Raymond Silva

IPC分类号： B22D17/00

CPC分类号： B22D17/2272

摘要： A method and apparatus for the casting of metal components is disclosed. The apparatus includes a gooseneck for drawing molten metal from a crucible of hot metal and for forcing the drawn molten metal through the system, a hot runner assembly having a hot runner tip positioned adjacent the mold cavity, and a machine nozzle inserted between the gooseneck and the hot runner assembly. The gooseneck is fitted with a one-way check valve to allow for molten metal to be drawn into the plunger but to stop its passage out of the gooseneck when the metal is forced through the system into the die. A thermal valve is formed within the hot runner tip to provide a metal blockage from the molten metal which prevents the back-flow of molten metal back into the hot runner assembly. Both temperature and flow rate are carefully monitored and controlled.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种铸造金属部件的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于从熔融金属坩埚中拉出熔融金属并迫使拉拔的熔融金属穿过该系统的鹅颈管，具有位于模腔附近的热流道末端的热流道组件，以及插入在鹅颈管和 热流道组件。 鹅颈管配有单向止回阀，以允许熔融金属被拉入柱塞，但是当金属被迫通过系统进入模具时，阻止其从鹅颈管的通过。 在热流道尖端内形成热阀，以提供熔融金属的金属堵塞，防止熔融金属回流回热流道组件。 温度和流速都要仔细监测和控制。

公开(公告)号：US20080142184A1

公开(公告)日：2008-06-19

申请号：US11610108

申请日：2006-12-13

申请人： Naiyi Li ,  Ronald Cooper ,  Jim deVries ,  Tom Scholten ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Naiyi Li ,  Ronald Cooper ,  Jim deVries ,  Tom Scholten ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： B22D17/00 ,  B22D35/04

CPC分类号： B22D17/04

摘要： A mechanical apparatus and method for the casting of metal components is disclosed. The apparatus includes a gooseneck having dual plungers for drawing molten metal from a crucible of hot metal and for forcing the drawn molten metal through the system, a hot runner assembly having a thermal valve developed in time and positioned adjacent the mold cavity, and a machine nozzle positioned between the gooseneck and the hot runner assembly. The dual plunger is fitted with a shot plunger and a shutoff plunger which work in conjunction to allow for molten metal to be drawn into the gooseneck but to stop its passage into the gooseneck when the metal is forced through the system into the die. Both temperature and flow rate are carefully monitored and controlled. Two embodiments of the gooseneck are provided in which the positions of the shot plunger and the shutoff plunger are altered and in which the molten metal is drawn into the gooseneck at different locations.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于铸造金属部件的机械装置和方法。 该装置包括具有双柱塞的鹅颈管，用于从金属坩埚中拉出熔融金属，并迫使拉拔的熔融金属穿过该系统;热流道组件，其具有在时间上开发和定位在模腔附近的热阀;以及机器 喷嘴位于鹅颈管和热流道组件之间。 双柱塞配有一个喷射柱塞和一个关闭柱塞，其联合工作，以允许熔融金属被拉入鹅颈管，但是当金属被迫通过系统进入模具时，它停止其进入鹅颈管。 温度和流速都要仔细监测和控制。 提供了鹅颈管的两个实施例，其中喷射柱塞和截止柱塞的位置被改变，并且其中熔融金属在不同位置被拉入鹅颈管。

公开(公告)号：US5379231A

公开(公告)日：1995-01-03

申请号：US891649

申请日：1992-05-29

申请人： Lawrence T. Pillage ,  Curtis L. Ratzlaff ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Lawrence T. Pillage ,  Curtis L. Ratzlaff ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： G06F17/50 ,  G06F15/60

CPC分类号： G06F17/5036

摘要： A method and apparatus for simulating a microelectronic circuit or system includes the storing of a microelectronic circuit or system representation in a computer and then transforming the representation into an equivalent DC circuit containing resistive, capacitive and inductive elements. Then, a directed graph of the DC equivalent circuit is generated and a spanning tree is constructed therefrom. The spanning tree is then actually or virtually traversed to obtain multiple generations of circuit moments. The moments are then used to calculate the poles and residues for a given node and generate an approximate model of the circuit's transient response at that node. Moment shifting is used to provide for a stable approximate model. The actual residues corresponding to the coefficients of the time domain representation for the model can be calculated using the first q-1 moments. This constitutes a partial-Pade approximation.

摘要翻译： 用于模拟微电子电路或系统的方法和装置包括在计算机中存储微电子电路或系统表示，然后将表示变换为包含电阻，电容和电感元件的等效DC电路。 然后，产生DC等效电路的有向图，并从其构建生成树。 然后实际或虚拟地遍历生成树以获得多代电路时刻。 然后将时刻用于计算给定节点的极点和残差，并生成电路在该节点处的瞬态响应的近似模型。 瞬时转换用于提供稳定的近似模型。 可以使用第一个q-1时刻计算与模型的时域表示的系数相对应的实际残差。 这构成了部分Padé近似。

公开(公告)号：US07828042B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-09

申请号：US11560416

申请日：2006-11-16

申请人： Naiyi Li ,  Ronald Cooper ,  Jim deVries ,  Nanda Gopal ,  Christopher Lee ,  Tom Scholten ,  Raymond Silva

发明人： Naiyi Li ,  Ronald Cooper ,  Jim deVries ,  Nanda Gopal ,  Christopher Lee ,  Tom Scholten ,  Raymond Silva

IPC分类号： B22D17/04

CPC分类号： B22D17/2272

摘要： A method and apparatus for the casting of metal components is disclosed. The apparatus includes a gooseneck for drawing molten metal from a crucible of hot metal and for forcing the drawn molten metal through the system, a hot runner assembly having a hot runner tip positioned adjacent the mold cavity, and a machine nozzle inserted between the gooseneck and the hot runner assembly. The gooseneck is fitted with a one-way check valve to allow for molten metal to be drawn into the plunger but to stop its passage out of the gooseneck when the metal is forced through the system into the die. A thermal valve is formed within the hot runner tip to provide a metal blockage from the molten metal which prevents the back-flow of molten metal back into the hot runner assembly. Both temperature and flow rate are carefully monitored and controlled.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种铸造金属部件的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于从熔融金属坩埚中拉出熔融金属并迫使拉拔的熔融金属穿过该系统的鹅颈管，具有位于模腔附近的热流道末端的热流道组件，以及插入在鹅颈管和 热流道组件。 鹅颈管配有单向止回阀，以允许熔融金属被拉入柱塞，但是当金属被迫通过系统进入模具时，阻止其从鹅颈管的通过。 在热流道尖端内形成热阀，以提供熔融金属的金属堵塞，防止熔融金属回流回热流道组件。 温度和流速都要仔细监测和控制。

公开(公告)号：US20080164290A1

公开(公告)日：2008-07-10

申请号：US11620301

申请日：2007-01-05

申请人： Naiyi Li ,  Nanda Gopal

发明人： Naiyi Li ,  Nanda Gopal

IPC分类号： B22D41/50

CPC分类号： B22D17/04 ,  B22D17/2272

摘要： A method and apparatus for the casting of metal components is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plunger for drawing molten metal from a crucible of hot metal and for forcing the drawn molten metal through the system, a hot runner assembly having a nozzle tip positioned adjacent the mold cavity, and a machine nozzle disposed between the plunger and the hot runner assembly. An adaptive and universal hot runner manifold having removable hot runner injectors fitted thereto is provided for use with a variety of castings.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种铸造金属部件的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于从熔融金属坩埚抽出熔融金属并迫使拉拔的熔融金属穿过该系统的柱塞，具有邻近模腔定位的喷嘴头的热流道组件，以及设置在柱塞和 热流道组件 提供了一种具有安装在其上的可拆卸热流道注射器的自适应和通用热流道歧管，用于与各种铸件一起使用。