公开(公告)号：US5424535A

公开(公告)日：1995-06-13

申请号：US55718

申请日：1993-04-29

申请人： Nicholas Albion ,  Romeal F. Asmar ,  Raymond W. Huggins ,  Glen E. Miller ,  Charles R. Porter

发明人： Nicholas Albion ,  Romeal F. Asmar ,  Raymond W. Huggins ,  Glen E. Miller ,  Charles R. Porter

IPC分类号： G01D5/34 ,  G02F1/01

CPC分类号： G01D5/345

摘要： A three-phase angular position sensor is described in which three beams of light having polarization directions rotated 60.degree. to each other are passed through a polarizer, the rotational position of the polarizer representing an angle to be measured. The intensities of the beams transmitted through the polarizer uniquely encode its angle over a 180.degree. range. This range may be doubled, for example, by including a binary track. A two-phase angular position sensor is also described in which two beams have polarization directions oriented 45.degree. with respect to one another.

摘要翻译： 描述了三相角位置传感器，其中具有彼此旋转60°的偏振方向的三束光通过偏振器，偏振器的旋转位置表示要测量的角度。 通过偏振器透射的光束的强度在180度范围内唯一地编码其角度。 该范围可以加倍，例如通过包括二进制轨迹。 还描述了两相角位置传感器，其中两个光束相对于彼此的偏振方向为45°。

公开(公告)号：US5237391A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-17

申请号：US575588

申请日：1990-08-31

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins

IPC分类号： G01D5/249 ,  G01D5/26 ,  G01D5/347 ,  G01D5/36 ,  H03M1/14 ,  H03M1/28

CPC分类号： G01D5/268 ,  G01D5/2497 ,  G01D5/34776 ,  G01D5/36 ,  H03M1/143 ,  H03M1/28

摘要： An optical sensor in which both analog and digital techniques are employed. The sensor comprises an encoder and a detector. The encoder includes a plurality of tracks extending along a sensing axis. Each track has a property that varies along the sensing axis, such that the property can have one of three or more distinguishable levels. The detector detects the levels of the tracks at a position along the sensing axis, and produces corresponding output signals. The levels vary in a manner such that the output signals encode the position of the encoder with respect to the detector. The levels may vary in steps or continuously. For stepwise variable tracks, preferably only one track changes its level at any given position, and all changes in level occur in single steps. Both optical and electrical implementations are described.

摘要翻译： 其中采用模拟和数字技术的光学传感器。 传感器包括编码器和检测器。 编码器包括沿传感轴延伸的多个轨道。 每个轨道具有沿感测轴线变化的属性，使得该属性可以具有三个或更多个可区分的水平中的一个。 检测器检测沿着感测轴的位置处的轨道的电平，并产生相应的输出信号。 电平的变化方式使得输出信号相对于检测器对编码器的位置进行编码。 水平可能会有不同步骤或连续不同。 对于逐步的可变轨道，优选地，只有一个轨道在任何给定位置改变其水平，并且水平中的所有变化以单个步骤发生。 描述光学和电气实现两者。

公开(公告)号：US4546262A

公开(公告)日：1985-10-08

申请号：US508389

申请日：1983-06-27

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins

IPC分类号： G01R15/22 ,  G02B27/00

CPC分类号： G01R15/22

摘要： The use of pulse width modulation rather than analog excitation to control the resistance of a light emitting diode--photoresistor pair is described. In particular, for two LED/LDR opto-isolators in a totem pole configuration, the duty cycle of the first opto-isolator is arranged to equal 1 minus the duty cycle of the second opto-isolator. Thus, both opto-isolators are always active resulting in the ratiometric output being proportional to the duty cycle, and the output impedance being constant.

摘要翻译： 描述了使用脉冲宽度调制而不是模拟激励来控制发光二极管 - 光敏电阻对的电阻。 特别地，对于图腾柱配置的两个LED / LDR光隔离器，第一光隔离器的占空比被布置为等于1减去第二光隔离器的占空比。 因此，两个光隔离器总是有效的，导致比例输出与占空比成比例，并且输出阻抗是恒定的。

公开(公告)号：US4299901A

公开(公告)日：1981-11-10

申请号：US141867

申请日：1980-04-21

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins

IPC分类号： G03G15/09 ,  B05D1/04

CPC分类号： G03G15/09

摘要： An apparatus which develops a latent image by advancing a conductive developer composition comprising marking particles into contact therewith. The apparatus interacts with the developer composition causing the developer composition to have higher and lower regions of conductivity. In the regions of higher conductivity, development of the solid areas within the latent image is optimized. Development of lines within the latent image is optimized in the regions of lower conductivity.

摘要翻译： 一种通过使导电显影剂组合物前进来展开潜像的装置，该导电显影剂组合物包括将颗粒与其接 该装置与显影剂组合物相互作用，导致显影剂组合物具有更高和更低的导电性区域。 在电导率较高的地区，潜像内固体区的发展得到优化。 在潜像中的线的发展在较低导电性的区域中被优化。

公开(公告)号：US5543627A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-06

申请号：US311466

申请日：1994-09-23

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins

IPC分类号： H03K17/79 ,  G02B27/00

CPC分类号： H03K17/79

摘要： A method for optically powering and controlling a hydraulic actuator in which the electrohydraulic servo valve is powered and controlled by a solar cell, with incident light at optimum level, but frequency-modulated at low amplitude, allowing optimum impedance matching to the servo valve solenoids. The signal is F.M. detected using a discriminator, which outputs are applied to the bases of two transistors in series with the electrohydraulic servo valve solenoids. The nearly constant output impedance of the solar cell or a follow-up amplifier allows optimum performance of the discriminator. The unique feature is the operation of the solar cell at a light level which is optimum for efficiency of the system.

摘要翻译： 一种用于光学供电和控制液压致动器的方法，其中电动液压伺服阀由太阳能电池供电和控制，其中入射光处于最佳水平，但以低振幅调频，允许对伺服阀螺线管的最佳阻抗匹配。 信号是F.M. 使用鉴别器进行检测，该输出被施加到与电动液压伺服阀螺线管串联的两个晶体管的基极上。 太阳能电池或后续放大器的几乎恒定的输出阻抗允许鉴别器的最佳性能。 独特的特征是太阳能电池在对于系统效率最佳的光照水平下的操作。

公开(公告)号：US5493393A

公开(公告)日：1996-02-20

申请号：US75597

申请日：1993-10-12

申请人： Mark W. Beranek ,  Barbara A. Capron ,  Raymond W. Huggins ,  David M. Griffith ,  Darrell L. Livezy ,  Timothy Traynor

发明人： Mark W. Beranek ,  Barbara A. Capron ,  Raymond W. Huggins ,  David M. Griffith ,  Darrell L. Livezy ,  Timothy Traynor

IPC分类号： G01D5/347 ,  G01J3/02 ,  G01J3/18 ,  G01J3/20 ,  G01J3/24 ,  G01J3/28 ,  G01J3/36 ,  G01J3/40 ,  G02B6/32 ,  G02B6/34

CPC分类号： G02B6/29326 ,  G01D5/34776 ,  G01J3/0259 ,  G01J3/20 ,  G01J3/2803 ,  G01J3/40 ,  G02B6/29328 ,  G02B6/2938 ,  G02B6/32 ,  G01J2003/1847 ,  G01J2003/2813 ,  G01J3/24 ,  G01J3/36

摘要： A spectrograph usable as a demultiplexer/detector in a wavelength division multiplexing optical system. The spectrograph comprises a planar waveguide and a detector array. The planar waveguide has a dispersive edge having an inwardly concave shape, an input edge, and a straight output edge. The dispersive edge has a reflective diffraction grating formed on it, the grating having a variable line spacing. An optical input signal comprising a plurality of different wavelength ranges enters the waveguide at the input edge, and travels through the waveguide and strikes the grating. The grating focuses the optical energy in each of the wavelength ranges at a focal spot at the output edge, the position of each focal spot being a function of wavelength. The detector array comprises a plurality of photodetectors positioned along a straight line, such that the photodetectors are positioned at the focal spots. Each photodetector therefore detects the optical energy in one of the input ranges. A stack of such planar waveguides may be assembled to form a multi-channel spectrograph.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US91 / 09634 371日期：1993年10月12日 102（e）日期1993年10月12日PCT 1991年12月18日PCT PCT。 出版物WO92 / 日期1992年7月9日。一种可用作波分复用光学系统中的解复用器/检测器的光谱仪。 该光谱仪包括平面波导和检测器阵列。 平面波导具有分散边缘，其具有向内凹的形状，输入边缘和直的输出边缘。 分散边缘上形成有反射衍射光栅，光栅具有可变的线间距。 包括多个不同波长范围的光学输入信号在输入边缘处进入波导，并且穿过波导并撞击光栅。 光栅将光能量聚焦在输出边缘处的焦点处的每个波长范围内，每个焦斑的位置是波长的函数。 检测器阵列包括沿着直线定位的多个光电检测器，使得光电探测器位于焦点处。 因此，每个光电检测器在其中一个输入范围内检测光能。 可以组合这样的平面波导的堆叠以形成多通道光谱仪。

公开(公告)号：US5069547A

公开(公告)日：1991-12-03

申请号：US576270

申请日：1990-08-31

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins ,  Charles R. Porter

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins ,  Charles R. Porter

IPC分类号： G01D5/249 ,  G01D5/26 ,  G01D5/347

CPC分类号： G01D5/268 ,  G01D5/2497 ,  G01D5/34776

摘要： A sensor that comprises an encoder that includes three or more tracks extending along a sensing axis. Each track i has a modulus m.sub.i, and a property that varies along the sensing axis such that the property can have one of m.sub.i distinguishable levels. The moduli m.sub.i of the tracks are all pairwise relatively prime. The tracks are formed such that a value is associated with each position along the sensing axis, the level of each track i at a given position being equal to the residue of the value at that position to modulus m.sub.i. The detector detects the levels of the tracks at a detection position along the sensing axis, and produces output signals corresponding to such levels. The track with the largest modulus comprises a redundant track that provides error detection capability.

摘要翻译： 包括编码器的传感器，该编码器包括沿感测轴延伸的三个或更多个轨道。 每个轨道i具有模数mi，以及沿着感测轴变化的属性，使得属性可以具有mi可区分的水平之一。 轨道的模数都是成对相对的。 轨迹形成为使得值与感测轴上的每个位置相关联，给定位置处的每个轨道i的水平等于在该位置处的值的余数至模数mi。 检测器检测沿着感测轴的检测位置处的轨迹的电平，并产生对应于这种电平的输出信号。 具有最大模数的轨道包括提供错误检测能力的冗余轨道。

公开(公告)号：US4687925A

公开(公告)日：1987-08-18

申请号：US773154

申请日：1985-09-06

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins

IPC分类号： G01P3/80 ,  G01P3/36

CPC分类号： G01P3/806

摘要： The present invention is concerned with directly measuring belt speed by placing two high resolution single fiber optical reflectometers a known distance apart on a line parallel to the belt motion. The signal from the first reflectometer is delayed and the cross correlation function of the two signals is calculated in real time. The cross correlation function can be maximized by varying the delay. When the maximum is observed, the belt velocity may be found by dividing the reflectometer separation by the delay.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及通过将两个高分辨率单纤维光学反射计在平行于带运动的线上隔开已知的距离来直接测量带速度。 来自第一反射计的信号被延迟，并且实时地计算两个信号的互相关函数。 可以通过改变延迟来最大化互相关函数。 当观察到最大值时，可以通过将反射计分离除以延迟来发现带速度。

公开(公告)号：US4908510A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-13

申请号：US239629

申请日：1988-09-02

申请人： Raymond W. Huggins ,  Glen E. Miller

发明人： Raymond W. Huggins ,  Glen E. Miller

IPC分类号： G01D5/347

CPC分类号： G01D5/34723 ,  G01D5/34792

摘要： An optical encoder produces a reference signal and compensates for any instability in intensity of a light source which reads the encoder. The optical encoder comprises a movable encoding element having an analog track of variable transmissivity, and a chopping element for alternately transmitting light from the source through the analog track and around the analog track. Light transmitted through the analog track comprises an information signal and light transmitted around the analog track comprises the reference signal. The chopping element comprises an optical switch or a rotatable or stationary element havnig an alternating series of opaque and transparent sections.

摘要翻译： 光学编码器产生参考信号并补偿读取编码器的光源的强度的任何不稳定性。 光学编码器包括具有可变透射率的模拟轨迹的可移动编码元件，以及用于交替地透过来自源的光通过模拟轨道并围绕模拟轨道传输光的斩波元件。 通过模拟轨迹传输的光包括信息信号，并且围绕模拟轨迹传输的光包括参考信号。 斩波元件包括光学开关或可旋转或固定的元件，其具有交替的一系列不透明和透明的部分。

公开(公告)号：US4899042A

公开(公告)日：1990-02-06

申请号：US121466

申请日：1987-11-17

申请人： Robert A. Falk ,  Raymond W. Huggins

发明人： Robert A. Falk ,  Raymond W. Huggins

IPC分类号： G01D5/353

CPC分类号： G01D5/35303

摘要： Integrated optic sensors for measuring electric, magnetic and temperature fields. Each sensor comprises an interferometer that includes first and second arms, each arm comprising an optical waveguide formed in a substrate. The interferometer includes a field sensitive material positioned adjacent the first arm for varying the optical path length of the first arm in accordance with the applied field. Electric, magnetic and temperature field sensors are provided that are based upon stress induced refractive index changes induced in the first arm. Electric and magnetic field sensors are disclosed based upon evanescent field coupling between the field sensitive material and the first arm. A dual ring resonator embodiment is also described.

摘要翻译： 用于测量电，磁和温度场的集成光学传感器。 每个传感器包括包括第一和第二臂的干涉仪，每个臂包括形成在衬底中的光波导。 干涉仪包括位于第一臂附近的场敏感材料，用于根据所施加的场改变第一臂的光路长度。 提供了基于在第一臂中引起的应力引起的折射率变化的电磁场和温度场传感器。 基于场敏感材料和第一臂之间的消逝场耦合，公开了电场和磁场传感器。 还描述了双环谐振器实施例。