公开(公告)号：US5860144A

公开(公告)日：1999-01-12

申请号：US695027

申请日：1996-08-09

申请人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

发明人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

IPC分类号： G06F12/10

CPC分类号： G06F12/109 ,  G06F12/1009

摘要： An addressing method and system for accessing a very large size physical buffer by a number of processes. The novel system is applicable within a computer system having an n-bit computer operating system (e.g., where n is 16, 32, 64, etc.). The addressing method allocates a relatively small window of virtual address space, for each software process, which is used to access the very large physical buffer using a relatively small amount of operating system memory overhead. A page frame number (PFN) table of the system address space maintains a listing of physical memory pages used to define the very large physical buffer. The PFN table is used by each process to translate between a relative page number (RPN) and an address of a physical memory page containing the record. The virtual address space ("window") of each process is used to access the physical memory buffer and contains a hash table, a virtual access control block (VACB) free list, and a VACB table. Entries of the VACB table indicate addresses of virtual memory for the process. Each process also has an associated private page table entry (PTE) table which maintains a mapping between its virtual pages and the physical pages. To map a record, its RPN is determined and used to obtain the address of the physical page(s) in which the record resides. The free list supplies an entry of the VACB table containing a virtual address for the record. The virtual address and the physical address are mapped into the PTE table.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过多个进程访问非常大的物理缓冲器的寻址方法和系统。 该新颖系统适用于具有n位计算机操作系统（例如，其中n为16,32,64等）的计算机系统。 寻址方法为每个软件进程分配一个相对较小的虚拟地址空间，用于使用较小量的操作系统内存开销访问非常大的物理缓冲区。 系统地址空间的页框号（PFN）表维护用于定义非常大的物理缓冲区的物理内存页的列表。 PFN表被每个进程用于在相对页号（RPN）和包含该记录的物理存储器页的地址之间进行转换。 每个进程的虚拟地址空间（“window”）用于访问物理内存缓冲区，并包含一个哈希表，一个虚拟访问控制块（VACB）空闲列表和一个VACB表。 VACB表的条目表示该进程的虚拟内存的地址。 每个进程还具有关联的专用表表项（PTE）表，其维护其虚拟页和物理页之间的映射。 要映射记录，确定其RPN并用于获取记录所在的物理页面的地址。 空闲列表提供包含记录虚拟地址的VACB表的条目。 虚拟地址和物理地址映射到PTE表中。

公开(公告)号：US5893166A

公开(公告)日：1999-04-06

申请号：US847046

申请日：1997-05-01

申请人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

发明人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

IPC分类号： G06F12/10 ,  G06F12/14

CPC分类号： G06F12/109 ,  G06F12/1491

摘要： An addressing method and computer system for sharing a large memory address space using address space within an operating system's virtual address space. The system provides sharing the SSB over many processes without the disadvantages associated with process based global sections. For instance, the novel system does not require that each process maintain its own dedicated page table entries (PTEs) in order to access the SSB thereby requiring less operating system virtual memory to maintain the PTE data structures. The system uses a process to switch to kernel mode, then identifies those sections of the operating system virtual memory space that are not being used; in some cases the unused address space can be 1.5-1.8 gigabytes in size. The unused address space is linked together to form the SSB. The system alters the privileges of the PTEs corresponding to the SSB so that user mode processes can access this usually protected operating system virtual memory space. The result is a statically mapped large memory address buffer (SSB) that can be immediately shared by all processes within the computer system while consuming only a single statically mapped PTE which all processes can use. In one example, 500 processes mapping to a 2 gigabyte SSB requires only 2 megabytes of memory storage for the corresponding PTEs, assuming conventional memory page sizes. In one example, the SSBs are allocated from a system space virtual memory map which is 2 gigabytes in size in a 32-bit VMS operating system.

摘要翻译： 一种寻址方法和计算机系统，用于在操作系统的虚拟地址空间内使用地址空间共享大的存储器地址空间。 该系统提供了在许多进程上共享SSB，而没有与基于进程的全局部分相关联的缺点。 例如，新颖的系统不要求每个进程维持其自己的专用页表条目（PTE）以便访问SSB，从而需要较少的操作系统虚拟存储器来维护PTE数据结构。 系统使用进程切换到内核模式，然后识别操作系统虚拟内存空间中未使用的那些部分; 在某些情况下，未使用的地址空间大小可以是1.5-1.8千兆字节。 未使用的地址空间链接在一起形成SSB。 系统更改对应于SSB的PTE的权限，以便用户模式进程可以访问此通常受保护的操作系统虚拟内存空间。 结果是一个静态映射的大内存地址缓冲区（SSB），可以由计算机系统内的所有进程立即共享，同时仅消耗所有进程可以使用的单个静态映射PTE。 在一个示例中，假设传统的内存页大小，映射到2 GB的SSB的500个进程对于相应的PTE只需要2兆字节的存储器存储。 在一个示例中，SSB从在32位VMS操作系统中的大小为2 GB的系统空间虚拟内存映射分配。

公开(公告)号：US6021470A

公开(公告)日：2000-02-01

申请号：US819673

申请日：1997-03-17

申请人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Rabah Mediouni ,  Stephen Klein

发明人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Rabah Mediouni ,  Stephen Klein

IPC分类号： G06F12/08 ,  G06F12/00 ,  G06F13/00

CPC分类号： G06F12/0888 ,  G06F2212/465 ,  Y10S707/99952

摘要： A method for selectively caching data in a computer network. Initially, data objects which are anticipated as being accessed only once or seldomly accessed are designated as being exempt from being cached. When a read request is generated, the cache controller reads the requested data object from the cache memory if it currently resides in the cache memory. However, if the requested data object cannot be found in the cache memory, it is read from a mass storage device. Thereupon, the cache controller determines whether the requested data object is to be cached or is exempt from being cached. If the data object is exempt from being cached, it is loaded directly into a local memory and is not stored in the cache. This provides improved cache utilization because only objects that are used multiple times are entered in the cache. Furthermore, processing overhead is minimized by reducing unnecessary cache insertion and purging operations. In addition, I/O operations are minimized by increasing the likelihood that hot objects are retained in the cache longer at the expense of infrequently used objects.

摘要翻译： 一种用于选择性地缓存计算机网络中的数据的方法。 最初，被预期只被访问一次或很少访问的数据对象被指定为不被缓存。 当生成读取请求时，如果高速缓存控制器当前驻留在高速缓冲存储器中，则缓存控制器从高速缓冲存储器读取所请求的数据对象。 然而，如果在高速缓冲存储器中找不到请求的数据对象，则从大容量存储设备读取。 于是，缓存控制器确定所请求的数据对象是被缓存还是被免除缓存。 如果数据对象被免除缓存，则将其直接加载到本地存储器中，并且不存储在缓存中。 这提供了改进的缓存利用率，因为只有多次使用的对象才被输入缓存。 此外，通过减少不必要的高速缓存插入和清除操作来最小化处理开销。 此外，I / O操作通过增加热对象被保留在高速缓存中的可能性更长，而牺牲不经常使用的对象来最小化。

公开(公告)号：US5996088A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-30

申请号：US787551

申请日：1997-01-22

申请人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

发明人： Richard Frank ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

IPC分类号： G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1451 ,  G06F2201/80

摘要： A method for performing a checkpointing operation in a client/server computer system for safeguarding data in case of a failure. The records of a database are stored in a mass storage device, such as a hard disk drive array. A separate disk drive is dedicated for use only in conjunction with checkpointing. Periodically, when a checkpoint process is initiated, the server writes a number of its modified records to checkpoint files which are stored by the dedicated checkpoint disk drive. The write operation is performed through one or more sequential I/O operations. Thus, the modified records are stored in consecutive sectors of the hard disk drive. If the server becomes disabled, the data can be recovered by reading the contents of the most recent checkpoint files and loading the contents sequentially back to the server's main memory.

摘要翻译： 一种用于在客户机/服务器计算机系统中执行检查点操作以在发生故障的情况下保护数据的方法。 数据库的记录存储在大容量存储设备中，例如硬盘驱动器阵列。 单独的磁盘驱动器专用于仅与检查点配合使用。 周期性地，当启动检查点进程时，服务器将其许多修改的记录写入由专用检查点磁盘驱动器存储的检查点文件。 写操作通过一个或多个顺序I / O操作执行。 因此，修改的记录被存储在硬盘驱动器的连续扇区中。 如果服务器被禁用，可以通过读取最新检查点文件的内容并将内容顺序加载回服务器的主内存来恢复数据。

公开(公告)号：US5950212A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-07

申请号：US833605

申请日：1997-04-11

申请人： Richard Anderson ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Frank

发明人： Richard Anderson ,  Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Frank

IPC分类号： G06F11/14 ,  G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30377 ,  G06F3/061 ,  G06F3/0656 ,  G06F3/0676 ,  Y10S707/99952 ,  Y10S707/99956

摘要： In a relational database management system (RDBMS), a method of issuing input/output tasks (I/Os) which store record information from a buffer to an after image journal (AIJ) file of a durable disk (the AIJ device) where a group commit size is dynamically adapted to the workload of the AIJ device and to the character and volume of data written to the AIJ file. Record information contains data records (including roll back records) and/or commit records that together form database transactions. A commit record written to the AIJ file indicates that data modifications and/or additions embodied in data records associated with the commit record are durable in the RDBMS in that they are stored in a durable media and are recoverable. Rather than issuing I/Os to the disk based on a fixed timer or a fixed record count, the system writes to the AIJ file based on three workload characteristics: 1) the character of the record information received (data or commit record); 2) the AIJ file throughput, measured based on the buffer contents; and 3) the workload of the I/O device (busy or idle). The present invention avoids making a data dependent server process wait unnecessarily if the AIJ device is not busy, thereby improving response time without overloading the AIJ, and minimizes AIJ I/O in heavy workload situations by making the group commit size as large as possible without idling the AIJ device. The system adapts to a changing workload to provide improved response time and throughput.

摘要翻译： 在关系数据库管理系统（RDBMS）中，一种发出将记录信息从缓冲器存储到耐用盘（AIJ设备）的后图像日志（AIJ）文件的输入/输出任务（I / O）的方法，其中 组提交大小动态地适应于AIJ设备的工作负载以及写入AIJ文件的数据的字符和容量。 记录信息包含一起形成数据库事务的数据记录（包括回滚记录）和/或提交记录。 写入AIJ文件的提交记录表明，与提交记录相关联的数据记录中体现的数据修改和/或添加在RDBMS中是持久的，因为它们存储在耐用介质中并可恢复。 基于固定计时器或固定记录计数，将I / O发送到磁盘，系统根据三种工作负载特征写入AIJ文件：1）接收到的记录信息的字符（数据或提交记录）; 2）AIJ文件吞吐量，基于缓冲区内容测量; 和3）I / O设备的工作负载（忙或空）。 本发明避免了如果AIJ设备不忙时使数据相关的服务器进程不必要地等待，从而在不使AIJ过载的情况下改善响应时间，并且通过使组提交大小尽可能大而在繁重的工作负载情况下最小化AIJ I / O， 空转AIJ设备。 该系统适应不断变化的工作负载，以提供更好的响应时间和吞吐量。

公开(公告)号：US5933593A

公开(公告)日：1999-08-03

申请号：US819596

申请日：1997-03-17

申请人： Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Frank ,  William A. Wright ,  Richard Anderson

发明人： Gopalan Arun ,  Richard Frank ,  William A. Wright ,  Richard Anderson

IPC分类号： G06F11/14 ,  G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1451

摘要： In a client/server computer system, a method for writing modified data in a cache memory back to a database residing in a hard disk drive. Rather than writing back all of the modified data as part of a checkpointing operation, the present invention designates an amount of the cache memory that is to be cleared for a pre-determined time interval. The amount of cache memory to be cleared is based on an estimate of how much new data is anticipated to be cached. Thereby, just enough memory is cleared and made available so as to accommodate the storage of new data. For the modified data which are to be written back to the database, a lazy writeback operation is utilized.

摘要翻译： 在客户机/服务器计算机系统中，一种将高速缓冲存储器中的修改数据写回驻留在硬盘驱动器中的数据库的方法。 作为检查点操作的一部分，本发明不是将所有修改的数据写回，而是指定要在预定时间间隔内被清除的高速缓冲存储器的量。 要清除的高速缓冲存储器的量是基于预计要缓存多少新数据的估计。 从而，清除足够的内存并使其可用，以适应新数据的存储。 对于要写回数据库的修改后的数据，使用懒惰的回写操作。

公开(公告)号：US5790851A

公开(公告)日：1998-08-04

申请号：US843332

申请日：1997-04-15

申请人： Richard Frank ,  Gopolan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

发明人： Richard Frank ,  Gopolan Arun ,  Richard Anderson ,  Stephen Klein

IPC分类号： G06F9/46 ,  G06F9/40

CPC分类号： G06F9/52

摘要： An arbitration procedure allowing processes and their associated processors to perform useful work while they have pending service requests for access to shared resources within a multi-processor system environment. The arbitration procedure of the present invention is implemented within a multi-processor system (e.g., a symmetric multi-processor system) wherein multiple processes can simultaneously request "locks" which control access to shared resources such that access to these shared resources are globally synchronized among the many processes. Rather than assigning arbitration to the operating system, the present invention provides an arbitration procedure that is application-specific. This arbitration process provides a reservation mechanism for contending processes such that any given process only requests a lock call to the operating system when a lock is available for that process, thereby avoiding spinlock by the operating system. During the period between a lock request and a lock grant, a respective process is allowed to perform other useful work that does not need access to the shared resource. Alternatively during this period, the processor executing the respective process can execute another process that performs useful work that does not need the shared resource. Each process requesting a lock grant is informed of the expected delay period, placed on a reservation queue, and assigned a reservation identifier. After releasing the lock, the process uses the reservation queue to locate the next pending process to receive the lock.

摘要翻译： 允许进程及其相关处理器在多处理器系统环境中具有访问共享资源的待处理服务请求时执行有用工作的仲裁程序。 本发明的仲裁程序在多处理器系统（例如，对称多处理器系统）内实现，其中多个进程可以同时请求控制对共享资源的访问的“锁”，使得对这些共享资源的访问是全局同步的 在许多过程中。 本发明不是向操作系统分配仲裁，而是提供特定于应用的仲裁过程。 该仲裁过程为竞争过程提供预留机制，使得任何给定的进程只有在锁可用于该进程时才请求对操作系统的锁调用，从而避免操作系统的自旋锁定。 在锁定请求和锁定授权之间的期间，允许相应的进程执行不需要访问共享资源的其他有用的工作。 或者在此期间，执行相应处理的处理器可以执行执行不需要共享资源的有用工作的另一进程。 通知请求锁定授权的每个进程，放置在预留队列上的预期延迟时间，并分配预留标识符。 释放锁之后，该进程使用预留队列来定位下一个挂起的进程来接收锁。

公开(公告)号：US07003081B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-21

申请号：US09816627

申请日：2001-03-23

申请人： Peggy M. Stumer ,  Nissim Ozery ,  David A. Vander Meiden ,  Richard Frank ,  Dennis Kucmerowski

发明人： Peggy M. Stumer ,  Nissim Ozery ,  David A. Vander Meiden ,  Richard Frank ,  Dennis Kucmerowski

IPC分类号： H04M11/04

CPC分类号： H04M3/42195 ,  H04M3/42042 ,  H04M2242/04 ,  H04M2242/22

摘要： Methods for accurate transmission of ELIN/callback number from an emergency caller calling from behind a PBX/MLTS include prioritizing the emergency call, assigning a port equipment number to each device/trunk of the PBX/MLTS and associating ports/devices with ELINs and callback numbers. The apparatus of the invention detects an emergency number, assigns the call priority, and uses the port/device number to determine the ELIN/callback number and properly transmit the ELIN/callback number.

公开(公告)号：US06868139B2

公开(公告)日：2005-03-15

申请号：US10449653

申请日：2003-05-30

申请人： Peggy M. Stumer ,  Nissim Ozery ,  David A. Vander Meiden ,  Richard Frank ,  Dennis Kucmerowski

发明人： Peggy M. Stumer ,  Nissim Ozery ,  David A. Vander Meiden ,  Richard Frank ,  Dennis Kucmerowski

IPC分类号： H04M3/42 ,  H04M11/00

CPC分类号： H04M3/42195 ,  H04M3/42042 ,  H04M2242/04 ,  H04M2242/22

摘要： Methods for accurate transmission of ELIN/callback number from an emergency caller calling from behind a PBX/MLTS include prioritizing the emergency call, assigning a port equipment number to each device/trunk of the PBX/MLTS and associating ports/devices with ELINs and callback numbers. The apparatus of the invention detects an emergency number, assigns the call priority, and uses the port/device number to determine the ELIN/callback number and properly transmit the ELIN/callback number.

摘要翻译： 从PBX / MLTS后面的紧急呼叫者呼叫中精确传输ELIN /回叫号码的方法包括：对紧急呼叫进行优先级排序，为PBX / MLTS的每个设备/中继分配端口设备号码，并将端口/设备与ELIN相关联并回调 数字。 本发明的装置检测紧急号码，分配呼叫优先权，并使用端口/设备号码来确定ELIN /回叫号码并适当地发送ELIN /回叫号码。

公开(公告)号：US5646520A

公开(公告)日：1997-07-08

申请号：US267818

申请日：1994-06-28

申请人： Richard Frank ,  Bruce Lee Inn ,  Tamas Szepesi

发明人： Richard Frank ,  Bruce Lee Inn ,  Tamas Szepesi

IPC分类号： G01R19/00 ,  H03K17/082 ,  G11C27/02

CPC分类号： H03K17/0822 ,  G01R19/0092 ,  H03K2217/0027

摘要： An apparatus for sensing current in a switching device having resistive voltage-current characteristics includes a first and second power terminal (typically common or ground) for the application therebetween of an operating potential (or alternatively, power), an impedance connected between the first power terminal and a node, a switching device having its main conduction path connected between the node and the second power terminal for controlling the flow of current through the impedance, at least one sense device coupled to the node, operative to sense or divide the potential at the node to thereby provide a sensing potential, where at least one of the sense devices is switched only during at least a portion of the period when the switching device is turned on, and a voltage reference generating circuit operative to generate a reference voltage for comparison with the sensed potential. A method for sensing current in a switching device having resistive voltage-current characteristics, samples the potential at a node connecting the switching device to the impedance only during at least a portion of the period when the switching device is turned on, to generate a sensed potential, generates a reference potential for comparison with the sensed potential.

摘要翻译： 一种用于感测具有电阻电压 - 电流特性的开关装置中的电流的装置包括：第一和第二电源端子（通常为公共或接地），用于在其间施加工作电位（或替代地，功率），阻抗连接在第一功率 终端和节点，开关装置，其主导电路径连接在节点和第二电源端之间，用于控制通过阻抗的电流流动;耦合到节点的至少一个感测装置，用于感测或划分电位 从而提供感测电位，其中至少一个感测装置仅在开关装置导通的时段的至少一部分期间被切换，以及电压参考产生电路，用于产生用于比较的参考电压 具有感知的潜力。 一种用于感测具有电阻电压 - 电流特性的开关器件中的电流的方法，仅在开关器件接通的时段的至少一部分期间将连接开关器件的节点处的电位进行采样，以产生感测 产生与感测电位进行比较的参考电位。