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1.发明授权Systems and methods of locating weapon fire incidents using measurements/data from acoustic, optical, seismic, and/or other sensors 有权使用来自声学，光学，地震和/或其他传感器的测量/数据定位武器火灾事故的系统和方法公开(公告)号：US08325563B2
公开(公告)日：2012-12-04
申请号：US12154968
申请日：2008-05-27
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun , Robert L. Showen , James G. Beldock , Scott M. Manderville , Jason W. Dunham
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun , Robert L. Showen , James G. Beldock , Scott M. Manderville , Jason W. Dunham
IPC分类号： G01S3/808
摘要： Systems and methods are disclosed for locating a weapon fire incident such as an acoustic transient from a gunshot, explosion, weapons launch, etc. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a method of locating the incident from a combination of propagation phenomena including a discharge time of the weapon fire incident. Moreover, the method may include obtaining a first propagation parameter of the incident from one or more first sensors, obtaining the discharge time from another sensor, and processing the data to determine a location using a common time basis among sensor measurements. According to further exemplary implementations, the discharge time may include a transient event that has a different propagation velocity than that of sound in the atmosphere.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于定位武器火灾事件的系统和方法，例如来自枪伤，爆炸，武器发射等的声学瞬变。在一个示例性实施方式中，提供了一种从传播现象的组合定位入射的方法，包括放电 时间的武器火灾事件。 此外，该方法可以包括从一个或多个第一传感器获得入射的第一传播参数，从另一传感器获得放电时间，以及在传感器测量之间使用公共时间基准来处理数据以确定位置。 根据另外的示例性实施方式，放电时间可以包括具有与大气中的声音不同的传播速度的瞬态事件。
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2.发明授权Electroplating apparatus and process for reducing oxidation of oxidizable plating anions and cations 失效电镀设备及减少氧化电镀阴离子和阳离子氧化的方法
公开(公告)号：US5883762A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-16
申请号：US818472
申请日：1997-03-13
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun , Earl C. Johns
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun , Earl C. Johns
摘要： An electroplating apparatus and method reduces oxidation of thermodynamically unstable and oxidizable ionic species in an electroplating solution to deposit complex magnetic alloys onto substrates. In one embodiment, the electroplating apparatus comprises an electroplating cell in which oxidation of oxidizable anions and cations is reduced. The cell comprises (i) an anode compartment comprising an anode and anolyte solution; and (ii) a cathode compartment comprising a cathode and catholyte solution containing oxidizable plating anions. A cation-selective semi-permeable membrane separates the anode and cathode compartments. An electrical power supply is used to maintain a voltage across the anode and cathode. Upon application of the voltage to the anode and cathode, transport of the oxidizable plating anions, and to a lesser degree cations, to the anode is substantially blocked by the cation-selective semi-permeable membrane, thereby reducing oxidation of the oxidizable anions and cations at the anode. The concentration of the anolyte and catholyte solutions can be tailored, and an inert gas can be maintained above the solution surface in the cell, to further reduce oxidation of the oxidizable plating ions in the cell.
摘要翻译： 电镀设备和方法减少电镀溶液中热力学不稳定和可氧化的离子物质的氧化，将复合磁性合金沉积在基底上。 在一个实施例中，电镀设备包括其中氧化可氧化阴离子和阳离子减少的电镀单元。 电池包括（i）阳极室，其包含阳极和阳极电解液; 和（ii）阴极室，其包含含有可氧化镀层阴离子的阴极和阴极电解液。 阳离子选择性半透膜隔离阳极和阴极隔室。 使用电源来维持阳极和阴极两端的电压。 在向阳极和阴极施加电压时，阳离子选择性半透膜基本上阻挡了可氧化镀层阴离子和较小程度的阳离子到阳极的转移，从而减少可氧化阴离子和阳离子的氧化 在阳极。 可以调节阳极电解液和阴极电解液的浓度，并且可以在电解槽中的溶液表面上方保持惰性气体，以进一步减少电池中可氧化镀层离子的氧化。
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公开(公告)号：US20120182837A1
公开(公告)日：2012-07-19
申请号：US12154968
申请日：2008-05-27
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun , Robert L. Showen , James G. Beldock , Scott M. Manderville , Jason W. Dunham
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun , Robert L. Showen , James G. Beldock , Scott M. Manderville , Jason W. Dunham
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
摘要： Systems and methods are disclosed for locating a weapon fire incident such as an acoustic transient from a gunshot, explosion, weapons launch, etc. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a method of locating the incident from a combination of propagation phenomena including a discharge time of the weapon fire incident. Moreover, the method may include obtaining a first propagation parameter of the incident from one or more first sensors, obtaining the discharge time from another sensor, and processing the data to determine a location using a common time basis among sensor measurements. According to further exemplary implementations, the discharge time may include a transient event that has a different propagation velocity than that of sound in the atmosphere.
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4.发明授权Systems and methods of processing impulses including bullet pulses and/or muzzle pulses in association with time domain representations 有权处理脉冲的系统和方法，包括与时域表示相关联的子弹脉冲和/或枪口脉冲公开(公告)号：US07961550B2
公开(公告)日：2011-06-14
申请号：US12203141
申请日：2008-09-02
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
CPC分类号： G01S5/18
摘要： Systems and method are disclosed for processing signals. In one exemplary implementation, a method may include transforming initial bullet data associated with one or more sensors into a set of discrete pulses, dividing the discrete pulses into pulse subsets, generating, for the subsets, time domain representations of the pulses, wherein the time domain representations include waveforms having pulse features, and processing the time domain representations to determine alignment between one or more of pulse features, pulses, pairs of channels, and/or pairs of sensors. One or more further implementations may include determining identity of pulses in association with a matching process performed as a function of the alignment, as well as, optionally, other pulse processing features/functionality.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于处理信号的系统和方法。 在一个示例性实现中，方法可以包括将与一个或多个传感器相关联的初始子弹数据变换成一组离散脉冲，将离散脉冲分成脉冲子集，为子集生成脉冲的时域表示，其中时间 域表示包括具有脉冲特征的波形，以及处理时域表示以确定一个或多个脉冲特征，脉冲，通道对和/或传感器对之间的对准。 一个或多个另外的实现可以包括确定与作为对准的函数执行的匹配处理相关联的脉冲的身份以及可选地其他脉冲处理特征/功能。
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5.发明申请ACOUSTIC LOCATION OF GUNSHOTS USING COMBINED ANGLE OF ARRIVAL AND TIME OF ARRIVAL MEASUREMENTS 审中-公开使用组合角度的抵达时间和抵达时间的声音位置公开(公告)号：US20100118658A1
公开(公告)日：2010-05-13
申请号：US12573775
申请日：2009-10-05
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
摘要： A gunshot location system computes candidate gunshot locations from angle-of-arrival information and time-of-arrival information provided by acoustic sensors. In addition to an angle, each sensor calculates an angular uncertainty from impulses received at four or more microphones having rotational symmetry. An intersection of one or more time-of-arrival hyperbolas with one or more angle-of-arrival beams is used to determine a candidate gunshot location. In simple environments, a location can be confirmed with just two sensors allowing sensor density to be significantly reduced, while in complex environments including reflections, blocking, and interfering acoustic events, the additional angle-of-arrival information improves location accuracy and confidence, allowing elimination of candidate locations inconsistent with the combined time-of-arrival and angle-of-arrival information.
摘要翻译： 枪声定位系统由声传感器提供的到达位置信息和到达时间信息计算候选枪声位置。 除了角度之外，每个传感器计算在具有旋转对称性的四个或更多个麦克风处接收的脉冲的角度不确定性。 使用一个或多个到达时间到达双曲线与一个或多个到达角光束的交点来确定候选的枪声位置。 在简单的环境中，只需两个传感器即可确认位置，从而可以显着降低传感器密度，而在复杂环境中，包括反射，阻塞和干扰声学事件，额外的到达角度信息可提高位置精度和置信度，从而允许 消除与组合的到达时间和到达时间信息不一致的候选位置。
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6.发明申请SYSTEMS AND METHODS OF PROCESSING IMPULSES INCLUDING BULLET PULSES AND/OR MUZZLE PULSES IN ASSOCIATION WITH TIME DOMAIN REPRESENTATIONS 有权处理冲突的系统和方法，包括与时域表示联系的BULLET脉冲和/或MUZZLE脉冲公开(公告)号：US20090122650A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-14
申请号：US12203141
申请日：2008-09-02
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
CPC分类号： G01S5/18
摘要： Systems and method are disclosed for processing signals. In one exemplary implementation, a method may include transforming initial bullet data associated with one or more sensors into a set of discrete pulses, dividing the discrete pulses into pulse subsets, generating, for the subsets, time domain representations of the pulses, wherein the time domain representations include waveforms having pulse features, and processing the time domain representations to determine alignment between one or more of pulse features, pulses, pairs of channels, and/or pairs of sensors. One or more further implementations may include determining identity of pulses in association with a matching process performed as a function of the alignment, as well as, optionally, other pulse processing features/functionality.
摘要翻译： 公开了用于处理信号的系统和方法。 在一个示例性实现中，方法可以包括将与一个或多个传感器相关联的初始子弹数据变换成一组离散脉冲，将离散脉冲分成脉冲子集，为子集生成脉冲的时域表示，其中时间 域表示包括具有脉冲特征的波形，以及处理时域表示以确定一个或多个脉冲特征，脉冲，通道对和/或传感器对之间的对准。 一个或多个另外的实现可以包括确定与作为对准的函数执行的匹配处理相关联的脉冲的身份以及可选地其他脉冲处理特征/功能。
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7.发明授权Systems and methods with improved three-dimensional source location processing including constraint of location solutions to a two-dimensional plane 有权具有改进的三维源位置处理的系统和方法，包括对二维平面的位置解决方案的约束公开(公告)号：US08369184B2
公开(公告)日：2013-02-05
申请号：US12694259
申请日：2010-01-26
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
CPC分类号： G01S5/04 , G01S5/0205 , G01S5/06
摘要： Systems and methods are disclosed associated with processing origin/location information of a source or event. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a method of performing improved three-dimensional source location processing including constraint of location solutions to a two-dimensional plane. Moreover, the method includes obtaining a plane of constraint characterized as a plane in which the source is likely to occur, providing one or more virtual sensing elements each characterized as being located on a first side of the plane of constraint in a mirror image/symmetrical position across from a corresponding actual sensing element on an opposite side of the plane, and constraining possible origin locations to be located in the plane of constraint. Other exemplary implementations may include determining the origin location as a function of positions of the sensing elements and the virtual sensing elements as well as time-of-arrival and/or angle-of-arrival information.
摘要翻译： 公开了与处理源或事件的起始/位置信息相关联的系统和方法。 在一个示例性实施方式中，提供了一种执行改进的三维源位置处理的方法，其包括对二维平面的位置解的约束。 此外，该方法包括获得特征在于可能发生源的平面的约束平面，提供一个或多个虚拟感测元件，每个虚拟感测元件被定位为以镜像/对称的方式位于约束平面的第一侧上 位于相对于该平面的相对侧上的对应的实际感测元件的位置，并限制可能的位于约束平面中的原点位置。 其它示例性实现可以包括根据感测元件和虚拟感测元件的位置以及到达时间和/或到达角度信息来确定原点位置。
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8.发明申请Systems And Methods With Improved Three-Dimensional Source Location Processing Including Constraint Of Location Solutions To A Two-Dimensional Plane 有权具有改进的三维源位置处理的系统和方法，包括对二维平面的位置解的约束公开(公告)号：US20100195445A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-05
申请号：US12694259
申请日：2010-01-26
申请人： Robert B. Calhoun
发明人： Robert B. Calhoun
CPC分类号： G01S5/04 , G01S5/0205 , G01S5/06
摘要： Systems and methods are disclosed associated with processing origin/location information of a source or event. In one exemplary implementation, there is provided a method of performing improved three-dimensional source location processing including constraint of location solutions to a two-dimensional plane. Moreover, the method includes obtaining a plane of constraint characterized as a plane in which the source is likely to occur, providing one or more virtual sensing elements each characterized as being located on a first side of the plane of constraint in a mirror image/symmetrical position across from a corresponding actual sensing element on an opposite side of the plane, and constraining possible origin locations to be located in the plane of constraint. Other exemplary implementations may include determining the origin location as a function of positions of the sensing elements and the virtual sensing elements as well as time-of-arrival and/or angle-of-arrival information.
摘要翻译： 公开了与处理源或事件的起始/位置信息相关联的系统和方法。 在一个示例性实施方式中，提供了一种执行改进的三维源位置处理的方法，其包括对二维平面的位置解的约束。 此外，该方法包括获得特征在于可能发生源的平面的约束平面，提供一个或多个虚拟感测元件，每个虚拟感测元件被定位为以镜像/对称的方式位于约束平面的第一侧上 位于相对于该平面的相对侧上的对应的实际感测元件的位置，并限制可能的位于约束平面中的原点位置。 其它示例性实现可以包括根据感测元件和虚拟感测元件的位置以及到达时间和/或到达角度信息来确定原点位置。
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9.发明授权Acoustic location of gunshots using combined angle of arrival and time of arrival measurements 有权使用组合到达时间和到达时间测量的枪声的声学位置公开(公告)号：US07474589B2
公开(公告)日：2009-01-06
申请号：US11546529
申请日：2006-10-10
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
摘要： A gunshot location system computes candidate gunshot locations [314] from angle-of-arrival information [304, 308] and time-of-arrival information [312] provided by acoustic sensors [300, 302]. In addition to an angle, each sensor calculates an angular uncertainty [306, 310] from impulses received at four or more microphones having rotational symmetry. An intersection of one or more time-of-arrival hyperbolas with one or more angle-of-arrival beams [322] is used to determine a candidate gunshot location. In simple environments, a location can be confirmed with just two sensors allowing sensor density to be significantly reduced, while in complex environments including reflections, blocking, and interfering acoustic events, the additional angle-of-arrival information improves location accuracy and confidence, allowing elimination of candidate locations inconsistent with the combined time-of-arrival and angle-of-arrival information.
摘要翻译： 枪声定位系统根据由声学传感器[300,302]提供的到达位置信息[304,308]和到达时间信息[312]计算候选枪支位置[314]。 除了角度之外，每个传感器从具有旋转对称性的四个或更多个麦克风处接收的脉冲计算角度不确定度[306,310]。 使用一个或多个到达时间的双曲线与一个或多个到达角光束[322]的交集来确定候选的枪支位置。 在简单的环境中，只需两个传感器即可确认位置，从而可以显着降低传感器密度，而在复杂环境中，包括反射，阻塞和干扰声学事件，额外的到达角度信息可提高位置精度和置信度，从而允许 消除与组合的到达时间和到达时间信息不一致的候选位置。
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10.发明申请ACOUSTIC LOCATION OF GUNSHOTS USING COMBINED ANGLE OF ARRIVAL AND TIME OF ARRIVAL MEASUREMENTS 有权使用组合角度的抵达时间和抵达时间的声音位置公开(公告)号：US20080279046A1
公开(公告)日：2008-11-13
申请号：US12172163
申请日：2008-07-11
IPC分类号： G01S3/80
摘要： A gunshot location system computes candidate gunshot locations [314] from angle-of-arrival information [304, 308] and time-of-arrival information [312] provided by acoustic sensors [300, 302]. In addition to an angle, each sensor calculates an angular uncertainty [306, 310] from impulses received at four or more microphones having rotational symmetry. An intersection of one or more time-of-arrival hyperbolas with one or more angle-of-arrival beams [322] is used to determine a candidate gunshot location. In simple environments, a location can be confirmed with just two sensors allowing sensor density to be significantly reduced, while in complex environments including reflections, blocking, and interfering acoustic events, the additional angle-of-arrival information improves location accuracy and confidence, allowing elimination of candidate locations inconsistent with the combined time-of-arrival and angle-of-arrival information.
摘要翻译： 枪声定位系统根据由声学传感器[300,302]提供的到达位置信息[304,308]和到达时间信息[312]计算候选枪支位置[314]。 除了角度之外，每个传感器从具有旋转对称性的四个或更多个麦克风处接收的脉冲计算角度不确定度[306,310]。 使用一个或多个到达时间的双曲线与一个或多个到达角光束[322]的交集来确定候选的枪支位置。 在简单的环境中，只需两个传感器即可确认位置，从而可以显着降低传感器密度，而在复杂环境中，包括反射，阻塞和干扰声学事件，额外的到达角度信息可提高位置精度和置信度，从而允许 消除与组合的到达时间和到达时间信息不一致的候选位置。
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