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1.发明授权Process for a fault-tolerant data processing system with error detection and resistance to fault propagation 失效具有错误检测和故障传播阻力的容错数据处理系统的过程
公开(公告)号：US4593396A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-03
申请号：US433501
申请日：1982-10-08
CPC分类号： G06F11/16
摘要： A process for assuring that the individual computational elements of a fault-tolerant computer system have the same view of the external world when applied in applications where input data representations of the same quantity may have slight variations without being incorrect. The process transmits data between each of the computational elements through circuitry utilizing transmitters and receivers, and provides a check as to the accuracy of each such transmission, resulting in each computational element either having the same plurality of data as each other computational element, or a representation that a transmission was faulty.
摘要翻译： 确保容错计算机系统的各个计算元件在应用于相同数量的输入数据表示可能具有轻微变化而不是不正确的应用中时具有外部世界的相同视图的过程。 该过程通过使用发射机和接收机的电路在每个计算元件之间传输数据，并且提供关于每个这样的传输的精度的检查，导致每个计算元件具有与彼此计算元件相同的多个数据，或者 表示传输错误。
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公开(公告)号：US5023922A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-11
申请号：US316118
申请日：1989-02-24
申请人： Robert G. Abramovitz , Robert L. Anderson, Jr. , Frederick L. Busse , Stuart A. Celarier , Jean-Yves H. Poublan , Lawrence R. Shorthill
发明人： Robert G. Abramovitz , Robert L. Anderson, Jr. , Frederick L. Busse , Stuart A. Celarier , Jean-Yves H. Poublan , Lawrence R. Shorthill
摘要： An optical scanning system operates asynchronously by electro-optically detecting movement of a scanning unit directly from the data being scanned. A first embodiment of the system includes two sets of optical sensors in a handheld unit. One set extends transversely of a scanning direction for detecting the optical pattern, and a second set is approximately aligned with the scanning direction for detecting relative movement between the pattern and the scanning unit. Relative movement is detected by detecting a pattern in a first subset of the second set of sensors and then sensing a shift of the detected pattern to a second subset of the second set of sensors. In response to detecting a unit movement, the optical states of the first set of sensor elements are polled to record a portion of the pattern along the line. This response is preferably triggered indirectly by calculating an average time interval between relative movements and periodically polling the first set of sensors at a rate set by this average interval. Upon detecting a uniform optical state of the second set of sensors, such as when scanning across a blank region in the pattern, sensing of the optical state of the first sensors continues at periodic intervals so long as the uniform state continues to be detected. The optical information is thus obtained in a succession of steps, and is assembled by the host computer. A second embodiment of the system differs from the first embodiment in that the former uses a rectangular array of imaging elements arranged in rows and columns and calculates an estimate of the instantaneous rate of relative movement. Each of the rows of imaging elements is aligned generally parallel to the scanning direction and changes optical states in a manner analogous to that of the line of second imaging elements described above. The second embodiment promotes increased accuracy during collection of optical information for situations in which the scanning direction is misaligned from the optical information and the scanning velocity is nonuniform.
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公开(公告)号：US3967270A
公开(公告)日：1976-06-29
申请号：US486446
申请日：1974-07-08
CPC分类号： H03M1/52
摘要： The disclosure describes an improved analog-to-digital converter which enables the use of a reference voltage having the same polarity as the input analog voltage being converted. The converter employs an operational amplifier having a capacitive feedback network, an inverting input, and a non-inverting input. The inverting input is periodically disconnected so that the output of the operational amplifier slews to a new value without substantially changing the voltage across the capacitive feedback network.
摘要翻译： 本公开描述了一种改进的模数转换器，其使得能够使用具有与要转换的输入模拟电压相同极性的参考电压。 该转换器采用具有电容反馈网络，反相输入和非反相输入的运算放大器。 反相输入周期性地断开，使得运算放大器的输出转换到新的值，而不会实质上改变电容反馈网络上的电压。
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公开(公告)号：US5206493A
公开(公告)日：1993-04-27
申请号：US415622
申请日：1989-10-02
CPC分类号： G07F7/04 , G06K17/00 , G07G1/0018 , G07G1/12 , G06K2017/0038
摘要： A document reader for reading manually fed edge coded documents, comprising a first component including a side wall, a second component orthogonally positioned with respect to the first component and having a second sidewall, the first and second sidewalls positioned adjacent one another so as to form a document receiving slot therebetween, the first sidewall containing an opening, a drive means, the drive means positioned within the first component and adapted to project through the first sidewall opening and substantially across the slot, the second sidewall including an opening, reading means contained within the second component, the reading means including a light source, means for directing light from the source through the second wall opening to the document, means responsive to light reflected from the document for converting the reflected light to digital data, control means coupled to the drive means, sensing means positioned proximate to the slot for sensing the precise location of the document, the sensing means coupled to the control means and responsive to the sensed document for controlling the drive of the document past the first and second openings.
摘要翻译： 一种用于读取手动馈送边缘编码文档的文档读取器，包括第一部件，其包括侧壁，相对于第一部件正交定位并具有第二侧壁的第二部件，第一和第二侧壁彼此相邻设置，以形成 文档接收槽之间，第一侧壁包含开口，驱动装置，驱动装置定位在第一部件内并适于突出穿过第一侧壁开口并且基本上穿过狭槽，第二侧壁包括开口， 在第二部件内，读取装置包括光源，用于将来自源的光通过第二壁开口引导到文件的装置，响应于从文件反射的光将反射光转换成数字数据的装置，耦合到 所述驱动装置，位于所述槽附近的感测装置，用于感测精确的位置 文件的传感装置，耦合到控制装置的感测装置，并响应感测到的文件，用于控制通过第一和第二开口的文件的驱动。
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公开(公告)号：US4809351A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-28
申请号：US940294
申请日：1986-12-11
申请人： Robert G. Abramovitz , Robert L. Anderson, Jr. , Frederick L. Busse , Stuart A. Celarier , Jean-Yves H. Poublan , Lawrence R. Shorthill
发明人： Robert G. Abramovitz , Robert L. Anderson, Jr. , Frederick L. Busse , Stuart A. Celarier , Jean-Yves H. Poublan , Lawrence R. Shorthill
摘要： An optical scanning system operates asynchronously by electro-optically detecting movement of a scanning unit directly from the data being scanned. A first embodiment of the system includes two sets of optical sensors in a hand-held unit. One set extends transversely of a scanning direction for detecting the optical pattern, and a second set is approximately aligned with the scanning direction for detecting relative movement between the pattern and the scanning unit. Relative movement is detected by detecting a pattern in a first subset of the second set of sensors and then sensing a shift of the detected pattern to a second subset of the second set of sensors. In response to detecting a unit movement, the optical states of the first set of sensor elements are polled to record a portion of the pattern along the line. This response is preferably triggered indirectly by calculating an average time interval between relative movements and periodically polling the first set of sensors at a rate set by this average interval. Upon detecting a uniform optical state of the second set of sensors, such as when scanning across a blank region in the pattern, sensing of the optical state of the first sensors continues at periodic intervals so long as the uniform state continues to be detected. The optical information is thus obtained in a succession of steps, and is assembled by the host computer. A second embodiment of the system differs from the first embodiment in that the former uses a rectangular array of imaging elements arranged in rows and columns and calculates an estimate of the instantaneous rate of relative movement. Each of the rows of imaging elements is aligned generally parallel to the scanning direction and changes optical states in a manner analogous to that of the line of second imaging elements described above. The second embodiment promotes increased accuracy during collection of optical information for situations in which the scanning direction is misaligned from the optical information and the scanning velocity is nonuniform.
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公开(公告)号：US4460837A
公开(公告)日：1984-07-17
申请号：US387927
申请日：1982-06-14
CPC分类号： G06G7/14
摘要： An analog selector circuit for providing an analog output signal of a value approximate to the median value of the analog input signals, having a plurality of comparator means equal to the number of analog input signals, each comparator means being connected to receive one of the input signals and comparing the received signal with the analog output signal of the selector circuit, a plurality of electronic control valves connected to receive the output signals from the plurality of comparator means, the valves being connected such that a number of said valves equal in number to the majority of analog input signals are connected in series to form a series combination and there are a sufficient number of such series combinations to receive all combinations of the majority of voltage output signals, and each series combination connected to receive a voltage potential input signal and providing the output signals of the series combinations to a common terminal to form the analog output signal; and a resistive network connected between the common terminal and a reference potential.
摘要翻译： 一种模拟选择器电路，用于提供具有近似于模拟输入信号的中值的值的模拟输出信号，其具有等于模拟输入信号的数量的多个比较器装置，每个比较器装置被连接以接收输入中的一个 信号并将接收的信号与选择器电路的模拟输出信号进行比较，多个电子控制阀被连接以接收来自多个比较器装置的输出信号，所述阀被连接，使得多个所述阀的数量等于 大多数模拟输入信号串联连接以形成串联组合，并且存在足够数量的这种串联组合以接收大多数电压输出信号的所有组合，并且每个串联组合被连接以接收电压电位输入信号和 将串联组合的输出信号提供给公共端子以形成模拟输出信号 纳尔 以及连接在公共端子和参考电位之间的电阻网络。
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