公开(公告)号：US08369928B2

公开(公告)日：2013-02-05

申请号：US12564635

申请日：2009-09-22

申请人： Roger E. Arseneau ,  James Frank Caruba ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Mark Musrock ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： Roger E. Arseneau ,  James Frank Caruba ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Mark Musrock ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： A61B5/05

CPC分类号： G01T1/1603 ,  A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/5247

摘要： A data processing process and embodiment for optimizing the signal path for multi-modality imaging is described. The embodiment and process optimizes the signal to noise ratio in a positron emission tomography (PET) signal path utilizing scintillation crystals, avalanche photo diodes, and charge sensitive preamplifiers in a dual modality MRI/PET scanner. The dual use of both and analog pole zero circuit and a digital filter enables higher signal levels or a fixed ADC input range and thus a higher possible signal to noise ratio in the presence of significant pileup caused by high positron activity. The higher signal to noise ratio is needed in the PET signal architecture, because of the presence of non-modal time varying electromagnetic fields from the MR, which are a significant source of noise for the wideband PET signal modality.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于优化用于多模态成像的信号路径的数据处理过程和实施例。 实施例和过程利用双重模式MRI / PET扫描器中的闪烁晶体，雪崩光电二极管和电荷敏感前置放大器在正电子发射断层摄影（PET）信号路径中优化信噪比。 双重使用模拟极零电路和数字滤波器可实现更高的信号电平或固定的ADC输入范围，从而在存在由高正电子活动引起的重大堆积的情况下，可能的信噪比更高。 在PET信号架构中需要更高的信噪比，因为存在来自MR的非模态时变电磁场，这是对于宽带PET信号模态的噪声的重要来源。

公开(公告)号：US20100076300A1

公开(公告)日：2010-03-25

申请号：US12564635

申请日：2009-09-22

申请人： Roger E. Arseneau ,  James Frank Caruba ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Mark Musrock ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： Roger E. Arseneau ,  James Frank Caruba ,  Michael E. Casey ,  Mark Musrock ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： A61B5/055

CPC分类号： G01T1/1603 ,  A61B6/037 ,  A61B6/5247

摘要： A data processing process and embodiment for optimizing the signal path for multi-modality imaging is described. The embodiment and process optimizes the signal to noise ratio in a positron emission tomography (PET) signal path utilizing scintillation crystals, avalanche photo diodes, and charge sensitive preamplifiers in a dual modality MRI/PET scanner. The dual use of both and analog pole zero circuit and a digital filter enables higher signal levels or a fixed ADC input range and thus a higher possible signal to noise ratio in the presence of significant pileup caused by high positron activity. The higher signal to noise ratio is needed in the PET signal architecture, because of the presence of non-modal time varying electromagnetic fields from the MR, which are a significant source of noise for the wideband PET signal modality.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于优化用于多模态成像的信号路径的数据处理过程和实施例。 实施例和过程利用双重模式MRI / PET扫描器中的闪烁晶体，雪崩光电二极管和电荷敏感前置放大器在正电子发射断层摄影（PET）信号路径中优化信噪比。 双重使用模拟极零电路和数字滤波器可实现更高的信号电平或固定的ADC输入范围，从而在存在由高正电子活动引起的重大堆积的情况下，可能的信噪比更高。 在PET信号架构中需要更高的信噪比，因为存在来自MR的非模态时变电磁场，这是对于宽带PET信号模态的噪声的重要来源。

公开(公告)号：US20130062525A1

公开(公告)日：2013-03-14

申请号：US13229797

申请日：2011-09-12

申请人： James Frank Caruba ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  John W. Young ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： James Frank Caruba ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  John W. Young ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： G01T1/20 ,  G01T1/164

CPC分类号： G01T1/1648

摘要： Using standard or “off the shelf” cable to interconnect between the PET block detector and the detector circuit may save substantial costs given the number of PMTs in a PET system. Given space constraints, simple maintenance with reduced risk of disturbing cabling is desired, making ongoing use of standard cabling without adding further cabling desired. To implement digital gain control, a further communication is provided between the PET detector block and the detector circuit. Since the standard cable may not have additional wires for such communications and to reduce timing degradation, the PMT signals are combined, such as generating position and energy signals at the PET detector block. The four PMT signals are reduced to three signals without reduction in function, allowing a fourth twisted pair of wires in a CAT5 cable to be used for digital gain control.

摘要翻译： 使用标准或现货电缆在PET块检测器和检测器电路之间进行互连可以节省大量成本，因为PET系统中PMT的数量。 鉴于空间限制，需要简单的维护，减少干扰布线的风险，不断增加布线需求，不断使用标准布线。 为了实现数字增益控制，在PET检测器块和检测器电路之间提供进一步的通信。 由于标准电缆可能没有用于这种通信的附加电线并且减少定时劣化，所以组合PMT信号，例如在PET检测器块处产生位置和能量信号。 四个PMT信号减少到三个信号，而不会降低功能，允许CAT5电缆中的第四根双绞线用于数字增益控制。

公开(公告)号：US08735836B2

公开(公告)日：2014-05-27

申请号：US13229797

申请日：2011-09-12

申请人： James Frank Caruba ,  Niraj K Doshi ,  John W Young ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： James Frank Caruba ,  Niraj K Doshi ,  John W Young ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： G01T1/164

CPC分类号： G01T1/1648

摘要： Using standard or “off the shelf” cable to interconnect between the PET block detector and the detector circuit may save substantial costs given the number of PMTs in a PET system. Given space constraints, simple maintenance with reduced risk of disturbing cabling is desired, making ongoing use of standard cabling without adding further cabling desired. To implement digital gain control, a further communication is provided between the PET detector block and the detector circuit. Since the standard cable may not have additional wires for such communications and to reduce timing degradation, the PMT signals are combined, such as generating position and energy signals at the PET detector block. The four PMT signals are reduced to three signals without reduction in function, allowing a fourth twisted pair of wires in a CAT5 cable to be used for digital gain control.

摘要翻译： 使用标准或“现成”电缆在PET块检测器和检测器电路之间进行互连可以节省大量成本，因为PET系统中PMT的数量。 鉴于空间限制，需要简单的维护，减少干扰布线的风险，不断增加布线需求，不断使用标准布线。 为了实现数字增益控制，在PET检测器块和检测器电路之间提供进一步的通信。 由于标准电缆可能没有用于这种通信的附加电线并且减少定时劣化，所以组合PMT信号，例如在PET检测器块处产生位置和能量信号。 四个PMT信号减少到三个信号而不减少功能，允许CAT5电缆中的第四根双绞线用于数字增益控制。

公开(公告)号：US09606199B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-28

申请号：US12260966

申请日：2008-10-29

申请人： Johannes Breuer ,  Ronald Grazioso ,  James Corbeil ,  Nan Zhang ,  Matthias J. Schmand

发明人： Johannes Breuer ,  Ronald Grazioso ,  James Corbeil ,  Nan Zhang ,  Matthias J. Schmand

IPC分类号： G01R33/28 ,  A61B5/15 ,  G01R33/48 ,  G01T1/16

CPC分类号： G01R33/28 ,  A61B5/150992 ,  G01R33/481 ,  G01T1/1603

摘要： An automated blood sampling system for PET imaging applications that can be operated in or very near to the field of view (FOV) of an MR scanner, such as in a combined MR/PET imaging system. A radiation detector uses APDs (avalanche photo-diodes) to collect scintillation light from crystals in which the positron-electron annihilation photons are absorbed. The necessary gamma shielding is made from a suitable shielding material, preferably tungsten polymer composite. Because the APDs are quite small and are magnetically insensitive, they can be operated in the strong magnetic field of an MR apparatus without disturbance.

公开(公告)号：US09588230B2

公开(公告)日：2017-03-07

申请号：US12560054

申请日：2009-09-15

申请人： Ronald Grazioso ,  Debora Henseler ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： Ronald Grazioso ,  Debora Henseler ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： G01D18/00 ,  G12B13/00 ,  G01T1/164 ,  A61B6/03

CPC分类号： G01T1/1644 ,  A61B6/037 ,  G01T1/1648

摘要： A representative positron emission tomography (PET) system includes a positron emission tomography detector having one or more silicon photomultipliers that output silicon photomultipliers signals. The PET system further includes a calibration system that is electrically coupled to the silicon photomultipliers. The calibration system determines a single photoelectron response of the silicon photomultipliers signals and adjusts a gain of the silicon photomultipliers based on the single photoelectron response.

摘要翻译： 代表性的正电子发射断层摄影（PET）系统包括正电子发射断层摄影检测器，其具有输出硅光电倍增管信号的一个或多个硅光电倍增管。 PET系统还包括电耦合到硅光电倍增管的校准系统。 校准系统确定硅光电倍增管信号的单个光电子响应，并且基于单个光电子响应调整硅光电倍增管的增益。

公开(公告)号：US09244975B2

公开(公告)日：2016-01-26

申请号：US13328810

申请日：2011-12-16

申请人： Gautam Das ,  Hao H. Huang ,  Sandor Szalay ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： Gautam Das ,  Hao H. Huang ,  Sandor Szalay ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： G06F17/30

CPC分类号： G06F17/30442

摘要： As file systems reach the petabytes scale, users and administrators are increasingly interested in acquiring high-level analytical information for file management and analysis. Two particularly important tasks are the processing of aggregate and top-k queries which, unfortunately, cannot be quickly answered by hierarchical file systems such as ext3 and NTFS. Existing pre-processing based solutions, e.g., file system crawling and index building, consume a significant amount of time and space (for generating and maintaining the indexes) which in many cases cannot be justified by the infrequent usage of such solutions. User interests can often be sufficiently satisfied by approximate (i.e., statistically accurate) answers. A just-in-time sampling-based system can, after consuming a small number of disk accesses, produce extremely accurate answers for a broad class of aggregate and top-k queries over a file system without the requirement of any prior knowledge. The system is efficient, accurate and scalable.

摘要翻译： 随着文件系统达到PB级，用户和管理员越来越有兴趣获取用于文件管理和分析的高级分析信息。 两个特别重要的任务是处理聚合和top-k查询，不幸的是不能通过分层文件系统（如ext3和NTFS）快速回答。 现有的基于预处理的解决方案，例如文件系统爬行和索引构建，消耗了大量的时间和空间（用于生成和维护索引），这在许多情况下不能被这种解决方案的频繁使用所证明。 用户兴趣通常可以通过近似（即统计准确的）答案来充分满足。 基于时间抽样的系统可以在消耗少量磁盘访问后，通过文件系统为广泛的聚合和顶级查询提供非常准确的答案，而无需任何先前的知识。 该系统是高效，准确和可扩展的。

公开(公告)号：US09086492B2

公开(公告)日：2015-07-21

申请号：US11753067

申请日：2007-05-24

申请人： Nan Zhang ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Michael D. Loope

发明人： Nan Zhang ,  Matthias J. Schmand ,  Niraj K. Doshi ,  Michael D. Loope

IPC分类号： G01T1/00 ,  G01T1/164

CPC分类号： G01T1/1642 ,  G01T1/208

摘要： A scintillation detector including one or more photomultiplier tubes, a scintillation block optically attached to the photomultiplier tubes, and a DC-coupled bleeder circuit combining outputs of dynodes of the photomultipliers to provide a DC-coupled dynode output together with a DC-coupled anode output of the photomultiplier tubes. The DC-coupled bleeder circuit includes a RF transformer. A positive high voltage supply also can be used together with a DC-coupled bleeder circuit for the anode outputs.

摘要翻译： 闪烁检测器，包括一个或多个光电倍增管，与光电倍增管光学连接的闪烁块，以及组合光电倍增管的倍增电极输出的DC耦合泄放电路，以提供DC耦合的倍增电极输出以及直流耦合的阳极输出 的光电倍增管。 直流耦合放电电路包括RF变压器。 阳极高压电源也可以与阳极输出的直流耦合泄放电路一起使用。

公开(公告)号：US08884213B2

公开(公告)日：2014-11-11

申请号：US13539931

申请日：2012-07-02

申请人： Ronald Grazioso ,  Debora Henseler ,  Nan Zhang

发明人： Ronald Grazioso ,  Debora Henseler ,  Nan Zhang

IPC分类号： G01T1/202 ,  G01T1/24

CPC分类号： G01T1/248 ,  G01T1/202

摘要： Systems and methods for correcting output signals from non-linear photosensors, specifically silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). SiPMs are used in a PET detector to readout light emissions from LSO scintillator crystals. The non-linear output of the SiPM can distort and compress the energy spectrum which is crucial in PET imaging. The non-linearity effect for inter-crystal scattered events can place an energy event outside of the PET detector energy window, resulting in a rejected event. Systems and methods to correct the SiPM non-linearity for inter-crystal scattered events, so as to be able to obtain the proper energy event and produce an accurate medical image, are disclosed.

摘要翻译： 用于校正非线性光电传感器，特别是硅光电倍增管（SiPM）的输出信号的系统和方法。 SiPM用于PET检测器以读出LSO闪烁体晶体的光发射。 SiPM的非线性输出可以扭曲和压缩在PET成像中至关重要的能谱。 晶体间散射事件的非线性效应可以将能量事件置于PET检测器能量窗口之外，导致被拒绝的事件。 公开了用于校正晶间散射事件的SiPM非线性的系统和方法，以便能够获得适当的能量事件并产生精确的医学图像。

公开(公告)号：US08859565B2

公开(公告)日：2014-10-14

申请号：US13512524

申请日：2010-07-30

申请人： Nan Zhang ,  Rong Zhong

发明人： Nan Zhang ,  Rong Zhong

IPC分类号： A01N43/90 ,  A61K31/519 ,  C07D487/00 ,  C07D487/04 ,  C07C59/265

CPC分类号： C07D487/04 ,  A61K31/519 ,  C07C59/265

摘要： The present invention discloses a compound of formula (I) and citrate thereof as type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor, a preparation method thereof, and a pharmaceutical composition including the compound of formula (I) and citrate thereof. The experimental results of the present invention prove that the compound of formula (I) and citrate thereof can inhibit activity of type 5 phosphodiesterase, and can be used for treating erectile dysfunction, inhibiting platelet aggregation and treating thrombosis, decreasing pulmonary hypertension and treating cardiovascular diseases, treating asthma and treating diabetes gastroparesis.

摘要翻译： 本发明公开了式（I）化合物及其柠檬酸盐作为5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂及其制备方法，以及含有式（I）化合物及其柠檬酸盐的药物组合物。 本发明的实验结果证明，式（I）化合物及其柠檬酸盐可抑制5型磷酸二酯酶的活性，可用于治疗勃起功能障碍，抑制血小板聚集和治疗血栓形成，降低肺动脉高压和治疗心血管疾病 治疗哮喘和治疗糖尿病胃轻瘫。