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1.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06347153B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-12
申请号：US09159534
申请日：1998-09-23
IPC分类号： G06K962
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062 , G06T7/44 , G06T2207/10008
摘要： A system and method classify a pixel of image data as one of a plurality of image types. A first image characteristic value for the pixel, a second image characteristic value for the pixel, a third image characteristic value for the pixel, and a fourth image characteristic for the pixel is determined. Some of these determinations may be resolution dependent. The values from these determination are utilized in assigning an image type classification to the pixel. An auto-segmentation circuit enables classifying a pixel as a continuous tone and detecting a gradient in the window of pixels of which the pixel is a member. A filter enhances the image data of the pixel tone when a gradient indicating that image data within the window of pixels is changing at a rate greater than a predetermined threshold is detected or lowpasses the image data of the pixel tone when a gradient indicating that image data within the window of pixels is changing at a rate less than a predetermined threshold is detected.
摘要翻译： 系统和方法将图像数据的像素分类为多个图像类型之一。 确定像素的第一图像特征值，像素的第二图像特征值，像素的第三图像特征值和用于像素的第四图像特性。 这些确定中的一些可能取决于分辨率。 来自这些确定的值被用于为像素分配图像类型分类。 自动分割电路可以将像素分类为连续色调，并且检测像素是其成员的像素的窗口中的梯度。 当指示像素窗口内的图像数据以大于预定阈值的速率变化的梯度被检测到时，滤波器增强像素色调的图像数据，或者当指示图像数据的梯度时，滤波器将低于像素色调的图像数据 在像素窗口内以小于预定阈值的速率进行检测。
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2.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06229923B1
公开(公告)日：2001-05-08
申请号：US09010025
申请日：1998-01-21
IPC分类号： G06K962
CPC分类号： G06K9/00456
摘要： A system and method classify a pixel of image data as one of a plurality of image types. A first image characteristic value for the pixel, a second image characteristic value for the pixel, a third image characteristic value for the pixel, and a fourth image characteristic for the pixel is determined. Some of these determinations may be resolution dependent. The values from these determination are utilized in assigning an image type classification to the pixel. Moreover, if at least one of the image characteristic values is greater than a predetermined threshold value the pixel is classified as a halftone peak value. The system includes a plurality of microclassifiers for determining a distinct image characteristic value of the pixel; a plurality of macroreduction circuits connected to the plurality of microclassifiers for performing further higher level operations upon the distinct image characteristic values of the pixel to produce reduced values; and a classification circuit to classify the pixel as an image type based on the reduced values from the macroreduction circuits. The system also includes a circuit to detect flat peaks without detecting multiple peaks and a rectangular blur filtering system.
摘要翻译： 系统和方法将图像数据的像素分类为多个图像类型之一。 确定像素的第一图像特征值，像素的第二图像特征值，像素的第三图像特征值和用于像素的第四图像特性。 这些确定中的一些可能取决于分辨率。 来自这些确定的值被用于为像素分配图像类型分类。 此外，如果图像特征值中的至少一个大于预定阈值，则将像素分类为半色调峰值。 该系统包括用于确定像素的不同图像特征值的多个微分类器; 连接到所述多个微分类器的多个宏观还原电路，用于根据所述像素的不同图像特征值进行更高级的操作以产生减小的值; 以及分类电路，用于基于来自大致减小电路的减小值将像素分类为图像类型。 该系统还包括用于检测平坦峰而不检测多个峰的电路和矩形模糊滤波系统。
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公开(公告)号：US5765029A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US646540
申请日：1996-05-08
CPC分类号： G06T7/403 , H04N1/40062 , Y10S706/90
摘要： A method and system electronically fuzzy classify a pixel belonging to a set of digital image data with respect to a membership of the pixel in a plurality of image classes. This process determines a fuzzy classification of the pixel and generates an effect tag for the pixel based on the fuzzy classification determination. Each class is defined by a set of heuristic rules such that the image classes are non-mutually exclusive. The heuristic rules are a set of conditions that define the membership value of the pixel within a certain class, thereby allowing a pixel to have a membership value in every possible image class.
摘要翻译： 电子模糊方法和系统相对于多个图像类别中的像素的隶属度来归类属于一组数字图像数据的像素。 该过程确定像素的模糊分类，并且基于模糊分类确定为像素生成效应标签。 每个类由一组启发式规则定义，使得图像类是非互斥的。 启发式规则是一组条件，用于定义某个类中像素的隶属度值，从而允许像素在每个可能的图像类中具有隶属值。
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4.发明授权公开(公告)号：US06181829B2
公开(公告)日：2001-01-30
申请号：US09010331
申请日：1998-01-21
IPC分类号： G06K940
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062
摘要： A system and method classify a pixel of image data as one of a plurality of image types. A first image characteristic value for the pixel, a second image characteristic value for the pixel ,a third image characteristic value for the pixel, and a fourth image characteristic for the pixel is determined. Some of these determinations may be resolution dependent. The values from these determination are utilized in assigning an image type classification to the pixel. Moreover, if at least one of the image characteristic values is greater than a predetermined threshold value the pixel is classified as a halftone peak value. The system includes a plurality of microclassifiers for determining a distinct image characteristic value of the pixel; a plurality of macroreduction circuits connected to the plurality of microclassifiers for performing further higher level operations upon the distinct image characteristic values of the pixel to produce reduced values; and a classification circuit to classify the pixel as an image type based on the reduced values from the macroreduction circuits. The system also includes a circuit to detect flat peaks without detecting multiple peaks and a rectangular blur filtering system.
摘要翻译： 系统和方法将图像数据的像素分类为多个图像类型之一。 确定像素的第一图像特征值，像素的第二图像特征值，像素的第三图像特征值和用于像素的第四图像特性。 这些确定中的一些可能取决于分辨率。 来自这些确定的值被用于为像素分配图像类型分类。 此外，如果图像特征值中的至少一个大于预定阈值，则将像素分类为半色调峰值。 该系统包括用于确定像素的不同图像特征值的多个微分类器; 连接到所述多个微分类器的多个宏观还原电路，用于根据所述像素的不同图像特征值进行更高级的操作以产生减小的值; 以及分类电路，用于基于来自大致减小电路的减小值将像素分类为图像类型。 该系统还包括用于检测平坦峰而不检测多个峰的电路和矩形模糊滤波系统。
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5.发明授权Method and apparatus for pixel-level override of halftone detection within classification blocks to reduce rectangular artifacts 有权用于分类块内半色调检测的像素级覆盖的方法和装置，以减少矩形伪像
公开(公告)号：US6137907A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-24
申请号：US159041
申请日：1998-09-23
申请人： Raymond J. Clark , Jeng-Nan Shiau
发明人： Raymond J. Clark , Jeng-Nan Shiau
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062
摘要： A method and apparatus to process an electronic image of a document that is previously divided into a plurality of classified tiled rectangular blocks. Each pixel within halftone blocks is analyzed to calculate a busyness measure value, preferably a sum of Laplacians although other range-type functions could be used. When the busyness value is less than a first predetermined threshold value, the video intensity level of the pixel is compared against a second predetermined threshold value and when greater than the second predetermined threshold value, the pixel is re-classified as being a Text document type to produce a crisp, clean background in the rendered image. When the video intensity level of the pixel is less than the second predetermined threshold value, the pixel is re-classified as being a Contone image type to minimize abrupt changes in pixel classification block boundaries, which would result in objectionable artifacts in the rendered image resulting from density or texture changes at the block boundaries. Selectively re-classifying individual pixels within blocks of tiled pixels that were previously classified as halftone pixels greatly reduces rectangular artifacts in the classification map. Such rectangular artifacts in the classification map are often translated by classification driven image processing into undesirable rectangular artifacts when the image is viewed or analyzed further. Certain classification transitions are thereby moved to coincide with contours and transitions in the image video, thereby hiding the classification transitions.
摘要翻译： 一种用于处理先前分成多个分类的平铺矩形块的文档的电子图像的方法和装置。 分析半色调块内的每个像素，以计算繁忙度测量值，最好是拉普拉斯算子的总和，尽管可以使用其他范围类型的函数。 当忙度值小于第一预定阈值时，将像素的视频强度水平与第二预定阈值进行比较，并且当大于第二预定阈值时，像素被重新分类为文本文档类型 在渲染的图像中产生清晰，干净的背景。 当像素的视频强度级别小于第二预定阈值时，将像素重新分类为Contone图像类型以最小化像素分类块边界中的突然变化，这将导致渲染图像中产生令人反感的伪影 从块边界的密度或纹理变化。 以前分类为半色调像素的平铺像素块内的各个像素的选择性重新分类大大减少了分类图中的矩形伪影。 当分析图中的这种矩形伪像通常被分类驱动的图像处理转换成不期望的矩形伪影，当图像被进一步观看或分析时。 因此，某些分类过渡被移动以与图像视频中的轮廓和转换一致，从而隐藏分类转换。
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6.发明申请Apparatus and method for detecting white areas within windows and selectively merging the detected white areas into the enclosing window 审中-公开用于检测窗口内的白色区域并选择性地将检测到的白色区域合并到封闭窗口中的装置和方法公开(公告)号：US20060269132A1
公开(公告)日：2006-11-30
申请号：US11139546
申请日：2005-05-31
申请人： David Metcalfe , Stuart Schweid , Jeng-Nan Shiau
发明人： David Metcalfe , Stuart Schweid , Jeng-Nan Shiau
CPC分类号： G06K9/34 , H04N1/40062
摘要： Methods and apparatus for segmenting image data into one or more windows may collect statistics on white regions, otherwise called enclosed white windows. Such enclosed white windows may be merged with one of a surrounding nonwhite window and a background based upon the enclosed white window's size, edge characteristics, cumulative statistics and/or at least one control parameter. Such merging may be accomplished at a time subsequent to enclosing the white region or dynamically while the window is being assembled scanline-by-scanline.
摘要翻译： 将图像数据分割成一个或多个窗口的方法和装置可以收集关于白色区域的统计数据，也称为封闭的白色窗口。 基于所包围的白色窗口的尺寸，边缘特性，累积统计量和/或至少一个控制参数，这样的封闭的白色窗口可以与周围的非白色窗口和背景之一合并。 这样的合并可以在包围白色区域之后的时间完成，或者在窗口正在被扫描线扫描线时动态地完成。
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7.发明授权Method and system for hybrid error diffusion processing of image information using programmable screen modulation 失效使用可编程屏幕调制的图像信息的混合误差扩散处理的方法和系统
公开(公告)号：US5933539A
公开(公告)日：1999-08-03
申请号：US655596
申请日：1996-05-30
申请人： David J. Metcalfe , Jeng-Nan Shiau
发明人： David J. Metcalfe , Jeng-Nan Shiau
CPC分类号： H04N1/4053
摘要： A printing system for rendering marks on a recording medium receives a multi-level grey scale pixel value representing a pixel having a first resolution. A screening circuit generates a screened multi-level grey scale pixel value equal to (G.sub.L -V.sub.i)+(S.sub.i -Th)*Dmp.sub.Vi *Mod.sub.Eff wherein G.sub.L is the maximum grey level value of the pixel, V.sub.i is equal to the multi-level grey scale pixel value of the first resolution, S.sub.i is equal to a screen value corresponding to a position of the pixel, Th is the threshold value, Dmp.sub.Vi is a video dependent dampening factor, and Mod.sub.Eff is a modulation multiplication factor. An interpolator converts the screened multi-level grey scale pixel value to a second resolution, the second resolution being higher than the first resolution, and a binarization circuit binarizes the converted multi-level grey scale pixel value so as to output a binary signal and an error value, the error value having a resolution equal to the first resolution. The error value is diffused to multi-level grey scale pixel values corresponding to pixels adjacent to the pixel having the first resolution, and the binary signal is converted into a mark on the recording medium.
摘要翻译： 用于在记录介质上渲染标记的打印系统接收表示具有第一分辨率的像素的多级灰度像素值。 筛选电路产生等于（GL-Vi）+（Si-Th）* DmpVi * ModEff的筛选的多级灰度像素值，其中GL是像素的最大灰度级值，Vi等于多级 第一分辨率的灰阶像素值，Si等于对应于像素位置的屏幕值，Th是阈值，DmpVi是视频相关的衰减因子，ModEff是调制倍增因子。 内插器将所筛选的多级灰阶像素值转换为第二分辨率，第二分辨率高于第一分辨率，二值化电路对转换后的多级灰阶像素值进行二值化处理，以输出二进制信号和 误差值，误差值具有等于第一分辨率的分辨率。 误差值扩散到与具有第一分辨率的像素相邻的像素对应的多级灰度像素值，并且二进制信号被转换成记录介质上的标记。
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8.发明授权System and method for redistributing error values from an error diffusion process 失效从误差扩散过程重新分配误差值的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US5696601A
公开(公告)日：1997-12-09
申请号：US285265
申请日：1994-08-03
CPC分类号： H04N1/4052
摘要： A method and system implements a redistributive characteristic into an error diffusion process. A grey level value representing a pixel is received. A threshold circuit thresholds the received grey level value and generates an error value as a result of the threshold. A portion of the error value is diffused to adjacent pixels on a next scanline. All the error for a single pixel on the next scanline is accumulated. Since this accumulated error has a greater number of bits than can be stored in a buffer, a portion of the accumulated error is truncated and redistributed to a down stream pixel for inclusion in the downstream pixel's error accumulation process. The grey level value has a first resolution which corresponds to an original input resolution. In a high addressabilty environment, the received grey level value is interpolated to subpixel grey level values before thresholding.
摘要翻译： 一种方法和系统在误差扩散过程中实现再分配特性。 接收表示像素的灰度值。 阈值电路对接收的灰度级值进行阈值，并作为阈值的结果生成错误值。 错误值的一部分扩散到下一个扫描线上的相邻像素。 累积下一个扫描线上单个像素的所有错误。 由于该累加误差具有比可以存储在缓冲器中更多的位数，所以累积误差的一部分被截断并重新分配给下行像素以包括在下游像素的误差累加处理中。 灰度值具有对应于原始输入分辨率的第一分辨率。 在高可寻址环境中，接收到的灰度值被内插到阈值处理之前的子像素灰度值。
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9.发明授权Automatic image segmentation using local area maximum and minimum image signals 失效自动图像分割采用局部最大和最小图像信号
公开(公告)号：US5293430A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-08
申请号：US4479
申请日：1993-01-12
申请人： Jeng-Nan Shiau , Barbara L. Farrell
发明人： Jeng-Nan Shiau , Barbara L. Farrell
CPC分类号： H04N1/40062
摘要： Method and apparatus for processing image pixels to determine the presence of high frequency halftone images. Prior to auto correlation, each pixel in the image is examined to determine whether it is a local area maximum or minimum. A binary image function composed of the image local area maximum or minimums is made available for auto correlation. The presence of peaks at shifts indicative of predetermined halftone image frequencies is detected, and an output signal indicative of the presence or absence of peaks at the predetermined halftone image frequencies is provided. The arrangement is combined with a run length encoder to reduce false microdetection results.
摘要翻译： 用于处理图像像素以确定高频半色调图像的存在的方法和装置。 在自动相关之前，检查图像中的每个像素以确定它是局部区域的最大值还是最小值。 由图像局部最大或最小值组成的二进制图像功能可用于自动相关。 检测出表示预定半色调图像频率的偏移处的峰值的存在，并且提供指示在预定半色调图像频率处是否存在峰值的输出信号。 该装置与游程长度编码器相结合，以减少误检结果。
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公开(公告)号：US5196942A
公开(公告)日：1993-03-23
申请号：US583337
申请日：1990-09-17
申请人： Jeng-Nan Shiau
发明人： Jeng-Nan Shiau
CPC分类号： H04N1/40087 , H04N1/4055
摘要： A method of reproducing gray levels on a device capable of displaying a limited number of gray levels. A system is disclosed for partitioning an image composed of pixels into halftone cells, each having multiple pixels. Each input pixel value within a halftone cell is translated into an output pixel value in accordance with a set of threshold arrays.
摘要翻译： 在能够显示有限数量的灰度级的装置上再现灰度级的方法。 公开了一种用于将由像素构成的图像分割成具有多个像素的半色调单元的系统。 根据一组阈值阵列将半色调单元内的每个输入像素值转换为输出像素值。
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