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公开(公告)号：US10825937B2
公开(公告)日：2020-11-03
申请号：US16101786
申请日：2018-08-13
发明人： Markus Hopf , Burkard Mueller
IPC分类号： H01L31/0224 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/044 , H02H3/02 , H02H3/08 , H02S40/34 , H02H3/20
摘要： The disclosure relates to a protective circuit for a photovoltaic (PV) module that includes an input having two input terminals for connecting the PV module, an output having two output terminals for connecting further PV modules of a series circuit comprising PV modules, a first switch for connecting one of the input terminals to one of the output terminals, and a controller configured to control the first switch, wherein the protective circuit further includes a series circuit including a first diode and an energy store, wherein the series circuit is arranged in parallel with the input of the protective circuit. The protective circuit also includes a second diode, which connects an output terminal of the protective circuit to a midpoint of the series circuit including the first diode and the energy store, and wherein a series circuit including the second diode and the energy store is connected in parallel with the first switch. The disclosure also relates to a method for operating a protective circuit according to the disclosure, and to a photovoltaic (PV) system including a series circuit comprising PV modules.
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公开(公告)号：US20200099334A1
公开(公告)日：2020-03-26
申请号：US16697794
申请日：2019-11-27
发明人： Markus Hopf
摘要： A method for detecting a contact fault in a photovoltaic system is disclosed. The photovoltaic system includes an inverter and a photovoltaic generator connected to the inverter via DC current lines. The inverter includes a transmitter for coupling a first AC voltage signal having communication frequencies in a first frequency range between 125 kHz and 150 kHz into the DC current lines. A receiver is configured to couple out the first AC voltage signal and is arranged at the photovoltaic generator. A decoupling circuit is configured to decouple the impedance of the photovoltaic generator is arranged between the inverter and the photovoltaic generator, such that the photovoltaic generator is AC decoupled from a transmission path between the inverter and the decoupling circuit. The inverter communicates with the receiver via the first AC voltage signal, and wherein AC currents are measured in the DC current lines and AC voltages are measured between the DC current lines to aid in detection of a contact fault condition.
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公开(公告)号：US20150077884A1
公开(公告)日：2015-03-19
申请号：US14540214
申请日：2014-11-13
发明人： Holger Behrends , Marcel Kratochvil , Markus Hopf
CPC分类号： H01L31/02021 , G01R31/1227 , H02H1/0015 , H02H7/20 , H02H7/261 , H02J3/383 , Y02E10/563
摘要： The disclosure relates to a method for localizing and quenching an arc in a PV generator of a PV system, wherein the PV generator includes at least two PV subgenerators. An arc quenching circuit is associated with each PV subgenerator. The method includes detecting an arc in the PV generator. Then, a probability value is determined for each of the PV subgenerators, wherein the probability value is correlated with a probability that the arc is located in the corresponding PV subgenerator. A sequence for activating the arc quenching circuits is then determined that is dependent on the determined probability values. Then, the arc quenching circuits are activated successively in the order of the determined sequence.
摘要翻译： 本公开涉及一种用于在PV系统的PV发电机中定位和淬火电弧的方法，其中PV发电机包括至少两个PV子发电机。 一个灭弧电路与每个PV子发电机相关联。 该方法包括检测光伏发电机中的电弧。 然后，为每个PV子发生器确定概率值，其中概率值与弧位于相应PV子发生器中的概率相关。 然后确定用于激活灭弧电路的序列，其依赖于确定的概率值。 然后，按照确定的顺序依次激活灭弧回路。
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4.发明申请Method for Operation of a Photovoltaic Generator at an Operating Point of Maximum Power 有权在最大功率工作点操作光伏发电机的方法公开(公告)号：US20130134955A1
公开(公告)日：2013-05-30
申请号：US13748707
申请日：2013-01-24
发明人： Gerd Bettenwort , Jens Klein , Markus Hopf
IPC分类号： G05F5/00
CPC分类号： G05F5/00 , G05F1/67 , Y02E10/58 , Y10T307/696
摘要： A method includes searching for a point of maximum power based on a systematic load variation, setting the point of maximum power as the operating point of the photovoltaic generator, and tracking the operating point based on a load variation with a narrow variation range. The method also includes analyzing operating variables of the photovoltaic generator to determine the level of probability that the operating point deviates from the point of maximum power, selectively interrupting the tracking and carrying out another search to determine the point of maximum power as a function of the analysis of the operating variables, and setting the point of maximum power as the operating point, and resuming the tracking. The method further takes into account previous searches carried out in the presence of comparable operating variables to determine the probability.
摘要翻译： 一种方法包括基于系统负载变化来搜索最大功率点，将最大功率点设置为光伏发电机的工作点，并且基于具有窄变化范围的负载变化跟踪工作点。 该方法还包括分析光伏发电机的操作变量以确定工作点偏离最大功率点的概率水平，选择性地中断跟踪并执行另一次搜索以确定最大功率点作为 分析操作变量，并将最大功率点设置为工作点，并恢复跟踪。 该方法还考虑到在存在可比操作变量的情况下进行的先前检索以确定概率。
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公开(公告)号：US11888439B2
公开(公告)日：2024-01-30
申请号：US17553865
申请日：2021-12-17
发明人： Michael Viotto , Markus Hopf , Bernhard Schropp
摘要： The disclosure relates to a method for determining a characteristic curve for a photovoltaic (PV) string of a photovoltaic system having an inverter which is connected to the photovoltaic string and to a power supply network. The photovoltaic string includes a series connection of a plurality of photovoltaic modules, in which series connection at least one of the photovoltaic modules is integrated into the series connection of the photovoltaic modules via a DC/DC converter. The at least one DC/DC converter operates the photovoltaic module assigned thereto in a first operating mode M1 at a maximum power point by varying, over time, a conversion ratio of output voltage (UOut) to input voltage (UIn), and operates the photovoltaic module in a second operating mode M2 with a conversion ratio of output voltage (UOut) to input voltage (UIn) that is constant over time. The method includes operating the at least one DC/DC converter in the second operating mode M2 in response to a current signature for the current (IStr) through the photovoltaic string, determining the characteristic curve by varying the current IStr or the voltage UStr of the photovoltaic string by the inverter, and detecting values assigned to one another for current IStr and voltage UStr of the photovoltaic string in the second operating mode M2 of the DC/DC converter.
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公开(公告)号：US20180351015A1
公开(公告)日：2018-12-06
申请号：US16101786
申请日：2018-08-13
发明人： Markus Hopf , Burkard Mueller
IPC分类号： H01L31/0224 , H02H3/02 , H01L31/02 , H01L31/044
摘要： The disclosure relates to a protective circuit for a photovoltaic (PV) module that includes an input having two input terminals for connecting the PV module, an output having two output terminals for connecting further PV modules of a series circuit comprising PV modules, a first switch for connecting one of the input terminals to one of the output terminals, and a controller configured to control the first switch, wherein the protective circuit further includes a series circuit including a first diode and an energy store, wherein the series circuit is arranged in parallel with the input of the protective circuit. The protective circuit also includes a second diode, which connects an output terminal of the protective circuit to a midpoint of the series circuit including the first diode and the energy store, and wherein a series circuit including the second diode and the energy store is connected in parallel with the first switch. The disclosure also relates to a method for operating a protective circuit according to the disclosure, and to a photovoltaic (PV) system including a series circuit comprising PV modules.
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公开(公告)号：US20180316308A1
公开(公告)日：2018-11-01
申请号：US16028836
申请日：2018-07-06
发明人： Markus Hopf
摘要： A description is given of an apparatus for disconnecting an electrical connection between solar modules of a photovoltaic string, the apparatus including a first and a second terminal for a respectively assigned solar module of the photovoltaic string, also a circuit breaker, a band-stop filter and a supply circuit for supplying energy to the apparatus, which are arranged in a series circuit with respect to one another between the first and second terminals. A bandpass filter for coupling out a high-frequency control signal from the electrical connection bridges the circuit breaker and the band-stop filter in parallel. In this case, a reverse current diode that is oppositely polarized relative to an operating current flow direction is connected in parallel with the circuit breaker or the partial series circuit comprising the circuit breaker and the band-stop filter.
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8.发明授权公开(公告)号：US10027247B2
公开(公告)日：2018-07-17
申请号：US14758974
申请日：2013-10-22
发明人： Claus Allert , Thorsten Buleo , Markus Hopf
摘要： The invention relates to an inverter with at least one DC input for connecting to an energy producing device and/or an energy store and with a multiphase AC output for connecting to a local energy distribution network, which is coupled to a likewise multiphase master energy supply network via a switching device. The inverter is characterised in that it has a control terminal for connecting to the switching device such that individual phases of the local energy distribution network can be selectively connected to or disconnected from corresponding phases of the energy supply network via the control terminal, and is intended, in the event of a network error of at least one but not all phases of the energy supply network, to separate, via the control terminal, the at least one defective phase of the energy supply network from the corresponding phase of the local energy distribution network and to supply the at least one separated phase of the local energy distribution network with network-compatible alternating voltage. The invention also relates to a method for operating such an inverter and to an energy supply installation with an inverter.
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9.发明授权Method and system for detecting an arc fault in a power circuit using frequency response 有权使用频率响应检测电源电路中的电弧故障的方法和系统公开(公告)号：US09535104B2
公开(公告)日：2017-01-03
申请号：US14074235
申请日：2013-11-07
CPC分类号： G01R31/02 , G01R31/024 , H02H1/0015 , H02H1/003 , H02S50/10
摘要： A method of detecting an arc fault in a power circuit includes injecting an AC-signal into the power circuit and measuring a response signal that is related to the injected AC-signal in the power circuit. The method further includes determining a frequency response of the power circuit from the response signal, analyzing the frequency response, and identifying a preferred frequency. A signal related to AC-current flowing in the power circuit within the preferred frequency range is measured and an occurrence of an arc fault in the power circuit is signaled depending on the measured signal. A system for detecting an arc fault is designed to perform a method as described before.
摘要翻译： 一种检测电力电路中的电弧故障的方法包括将AC信号注入电源电路并测量与电源电路中注入的AC信号相关的响应信号。 该方法还包括根据响应信号确定电源电路的频率响应，分析频率响应以及识别优选频率。 测量在优选频率范围内在电力电路中流动的AC电流的信号，并根据测量信号发出电源电路中的电弧故障的发生。 设计用于检测电弧故障的系统来执行如前所述的方法。
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20160134102A1
公开(公告)日：2016-05-12
申请号：US14997740
申请日：2016-01-18
发明人： Sebastian Bieniek , Markus Hopf
CPC分类号： H02H9/02 , G01R19/10 , H01L31/02021 , H02H3/17 , H02H3/337 , H02M7/42 , H02S40/32 , H02S50/00 , Y02E10/50
摘要： A method for leakage current compensation in a photovoltaic system includes determining a reference current flowing from at least one current-carrying line under voltage via a capacitor to earth, and generating a compensation current, having a phase and a frequency of the reference current, and having an amplitude adjusted by a negative scaling factor based on the reference current. The method further includes determining a current sum using a differential current sensor for at least a portion thereof, wherein the addends of the current sum are the currents through a complete set of current-carrying lines and the compensation current, minimizing the determined current sum by adjusting the scaling factor, and routing the compensation current through at least one other differential current sensor, such that the compensation current compensates a leakage current component of a differential current monitored by the other differential current sensor. A related device and system is also disclosed.
摘要翻译： 一种用于光伏系统中的漏电流补偿的方法，包括：从至少一个通过电容器的载流线路流向基准电流的基准电流，并产生具有参考电流的相位和频率的补偿电流;以及 具有基于参考电流的负缩放因子调整的幅度。 该方法还包括使用其至少一部分的差分电流传感器来确定电流和，其中电流和的总和是通过一组完整的载流线和补偿电流的电流，使得所确定的电流和最小化 调整比例因子，以及通过至少一个其它差分电流传感器布置补偿电流，使得补偿电流补偿由另一差动电流传感器监测的差动电流的漏电流分量。 还公开了一种相关的装置和系统。
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