摘要:
A fuel cell is formed by stacking first cell units and second cell units alternately. An inlet buffer and an outlet buffer are formed on a surface of a first metal separator of the first cell unit. Bosses are provided in the inlet buffer and the outlet buffer of the first metal separator. An inlet buffer and an outlet buffer are formed on a surface of the second metal separator of the first cell unit. Continuous guide ridges are formed in the inlet buffer and the outlet buffer of the second metal separator. The bosses and the continuous guide ridges are provided at positions overlapped with each other in the stacking direction.
摘要:
An oxygen-containing gas flow field is formed on a surface of a cathode side metal separator of a fuel cell. The oxygen-containing gas flow field is connected between an oxygen-containing gas supply passage and an oxygen-containing gas discharge passage. A coolant flow field is formed on the other surface of the cathode side metal separator, on the back of the oxygen-containing gas flow field. The cathode side metal separator has linear guide ridges protruding from an intermediate height area toward the oxygen-containing gas flow field to form a continuous guide flow field, and bosses protruding from the intermediate height area toward the coolant flow field to form an embossed flow field.
摘要:
An electrostatic latent image developing toner contains toner particles that contain a binder resin and a pigment; and an external additive that contains inorganic particles, a ratio (C/D) of an average maximum thickness C to an average equivalent circle diameter D in the toner particles is from 0.05 to 0.7, the inorganic particles include silicone oil-treated inorganic particles in which the amount of free silicone oil with respect to the inorganic particles is from 0.1% by weight to 10% by weight, and the amount of the silicone oil-treated inorganic particles added with respect to 100 parts by weight of the toner particles is from 0.1 part by weight to 10 parts by weight.
摘要:
An electrostatic image developing toner including: first toner particles which contain a first binder resin and a photoluminescent pigment; and second toner particles which contain a second binder resin and do not contain a photoluminescent pigment, wherein the proportion of the second toner particles is in a range from 5% by number to 80% by number with respect to a total number of all toner particles.
摘要:
There is provided an electrophotographic toner, which includes a binder resin and a colorant, wherein, with a total intensity (kcps) of all elements detected in the toner due to fluorescent X-ray measurement designated as A and an intensity of nitrogen designated as B, B/A is from about 0.01 to about 0.5, and a ratio of nitrogen measured by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry after ion etching at an accelerating voltage of 10 mV for 180 seconds is from about 0.1 atom % to about 7.5 atom %.
摘要:
A toner for development of an electrostatic image includes at least a crystalline polyester resin and a colorant. The toner shows a dielectric loss index ∈″ of 0.1 or less at 0.1 Hz and 500 V at 30° C. and 90% RH.
摘要:
An electrostatic-image-developing toner includes a binder resin; a colorant; a releasing agent having a melting temperature of from about 70° C. to about 100° C.; and an ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid.
摘要:
An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles containing a binder resin and pigment particles and an external additive containing fluorine resin particles, wherein the electrostatic charge image developing toner satisfies the following expression: 2≦A/B≦100, wherein A represents reflectance at an acceptance angle of +30° which is measured when a solid image is formed using the electrostatic charge image developing toner and the solid image is irradiated with incident light at an incidence angle of −45° by the use of a variable-angle photometer, and B represents reflectance at an acceptance angle of −30° which is measured when the solid image is irradiated with incident light at an incidence angle of −45° by the use of the variable-angle photometer.
摘要:
Provided is a toner wherein when a solid image formed by the toner is irradiated with incident light at an incident angle of −45° using a goniophotometer, a ratio (A/B) of a reflectance A at a light-receiving angle of +30° to a reflectance B at a light-receiving angle of −30° is about 2 or more and about 100 or less.