公开(公告)号：US07921872B2

公开(公告)日：2011-04-12

申请号：US10614395

申请日：2003-07-03

申请人： Shane S. Taylor ,  Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Shane S. Taylor ,  Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： F16K27/08

CPC分类号： F16K15/147 ,  A62B9/02 ,  B01D2251/304 ,  B01D2251/404 ,  B01D2251/604 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  B63C11/2209 ,  F16K1/301 ,  F16K1/304 ,  Y10T137/7062 ,  Y10T137/8122

摘要： A gas valve has housing and a barrier. The housing has a passageway with an upstream port and a downstream port. The barrier is disposed across the passageway and is formed from a material which is porous to compressed gas but which substantially prevents a low-pressure liquid from advancing through the passageway downstream of the barrier. The passageway may also contain a gas conditioner and/or a filter that is preferably disposed downstream of the barrier.In another embodiment, a valve comprises an inlet opening, a passageway extending downstream of the inlet opening, an attachment portion near the inlet opening, and a movable cap adapted to cover the inlet opening. The cap has a range of motion between a first position, wherein the cap covers the inlet opening, and a second position outside of the passageway, wherein the cap is displaced from the inlet opening. The cap is biased towards the first position. The gas valve may further comprise a gas regulator in fluid communication with the passageway.

摘要翻译： 气阀具有外壳和屏障。 外壳有一个通道，上面有一个上游端口和一个下游端口。 隔离物跨过通道设置，并且由对压缩气体是多孔的材料形成，但是基本上防止低压液体通过阻挡层下游的通道前进。 通道还可以包含优选地设置在阻挡层下游的气体调节器和/或过滤器。 在另一个实施例中，阀包括入口开口，延伸到入口开口下游的通道，靠近入口开口的附接部分和适于覆盖入口开口的活动盖。 所述盖具有在第一位置和第二位置之间的运动范围，其中所述盖覆盖所述入口开口，所述盖在所述通道外侧的第二位置处，其中所述盖从所述入口开口移位。 盖子偏向第一位置。 气阀还可以包括与通道流体连通的气体调节器。

公开(公告)号：US07497403B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-03

申请号：US11483935

申请日：2006-07-10

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： B64C23/06 ,  B64C3/00

CPC分类号： B64C23/072 ,  Y02T50/164

摘要： Methods for increasing the performance of a foil (100) by using tip droop (102) having an inward directed camber capable of generating an inward directed lifting force on the tip droop (102) in order to control spanwise flow conditions adjacent the tip (112) of a foil (100). Methods for varying the inward lifting shape of a tip droop (102) are provided along with methods for varying the angle of attack and camber of the tip droop (102) as the angle of attack of the foil (100) is changed and as spanwise flow conditions vary.

摘要翻译： 用于通过使用具有能够在尖端下垂（102）上产生向内定向的提升力的向内定向的外倾的尖端下垂（102）来增加箔（100）的性能的方法，以便控制与尖端（112）相邻的展开式流动状态 ）箔（100）。 提供改变尖端下垂（102）的向内提升形状的方法以及随着箔（100）的迎角变化而改变尖端下垂（102）的迎角和弯度的方法以及作为翼展方向 流量条件不同。

公开(公告)号：US06712656B2

公开(公告)日：2004-03-30

申请号：US10035758

申请日：2001-12-28

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B3108

CPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B2031/115

摘要： Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance. This predetermined compression range is significantly used up during the deflection to the predetermined angle of attack in an amount effective to create a sufficiently large leeward shift in the neutral bending surface with the load bearing portions of the hydrofoil (164) to permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience a significantly large increase in bending resistance as increased loads deflect the hydrofoil (164) beyond the predetermined reduced angle of attack. The shift in the neutral bending surface causes a significant increase in the elongation range required along an attacking portion of the hydrofoil (164) after the predetermined angle of attack is exceed. Methods are also disclosed for designing the hydrofoil (164) so that it has a natural resonant frequency that is sufficiently close the frequency of the reciprocating strokes used to attain propulsion in an amount sufficient to create harmonic wave addition that creates an amplified oscillation in the free end of the reciprocating hydrofoil (164).

摘要翻译： 公开了设计弹性水翼（164）的方法，其能够在显着变化的载荷下具有基本类似的大尺度叶片偏转。 该方法允许水翼（164）在相对较轻的载荷下经历显着大的偏转以显着减小的迎角，同时在增加的载荷条件下避免过度的偏转。 在所述水翼（164）的所述李部分上的预定压缩范围允许所述水翼（164）以显着低的抗弯曲性偏转到预定的减小的迎角。 这种预定的压缩范围在偏转到预定迎角期间被有效地用尽，其数量有效地在水翼（164）的承载部分中产生中立弯曲表面中足够大的背风偏移，以允许水翼（164 ）以增加的载荷使水翼（164）偏转超过预定的减小的迎角而经历抗弯强度的显着大的增加。 中性弯曲表面的移动导致在预定的攻角超过之后沿着水翼（164）的攻击部分所需的伸长范围的显着增加。 还公开了用于设计水翼（164）的方法，使得其具有足够接近用于获得推进的往复冲程的频率的固有谐振频率，其量足以产生在自由中产生放大振荡的谐波加法 往复式水翼（164）的端部。

公开(公告)号：US06843693B2

公开(公告)日：2005-01-18

申请号：US09852155

申请日：2001-05-09

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B31/08

CPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B2031/115

摘要： Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance. This predetermined compression range is significantly used up during the deflection to the predetermined angle of attack in an amount effective to create a sufficiently large leeward shift in the neutral bending surface with the load bearing portions of the hydrofoil (164) to permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience a significantly large increase in bending resistance as increased loads deflect the hydrofoil (164) beyond the predetermined reduced angle of attack. The shift in the neutral bending surface causes a significant increase in the elongation range required along an attacking portion of the hydrofoil (164) after the predetermined angle of attack is exceed. Methods are also disclosed for designing the hydrofoil (164) so that it has a natural resonant frequency that is sufficiently close the frequency of the reciprocating strokes used to attain propulsion in an amount sufficient to create harmonic wave addition that creates an amplified oscillation in the free end of the reciprocating hydrofoil (164). Methods are also disclosed for focusing energy storage and blade deflections along focused regions of load bearing members and the hydrofoil (164). Methods are also disclosed for reducing induced drag vortex formation along the lee surface of the hydrofoil (164), reducing drag and increasing the formation of lift forces.

公开(公告)号：US06413133B1

公开(公告)日：2002-07-02

申请号：US09630374

申请日：2000-08-01

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B3108

CPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B2031/115

摘要： Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance. This predetermined compression range is significantly used up during the deflection to the predetermined angle of attack in an amount effective to create a sufficiently large leeward shift in the neutral bending surface with the load bearing portions of the hydrofoil (164) to permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience a significantly large increase in bending resistance as increased loads deflect the hydrofoil (164) beyond the predetermined reduced angle of attack. The shift in the neutral bending surface causes a significant increase in the elongation range required along an attacking portion of the hydrofoil (164) after the predetermined angle of attack is exceed. Methods are also disclosed for designing the hydrofoil (164) so that it has a natural resonant frequency that is sufficiently close the frequency of the reciprocating strokes used to attain propulsion in an amount sufficient to create harmonic wave addition that creates an amplified oscillation in the free end of the reciprocating hydrofoil (164).

摘要翻译： 公开了设计弹性水翼（164）的方法，其能够在显着变化的载荷下具有基本类似的大尺度叶片偏转。 该方法允许水翼（164）在相对较轻的载荷下经历显着大的偏转以显着减小的迎角，同时在增加的载荷条件下避免过度的偏转。 在所述水翼（164）的所述李部分上的预定压缩范围允许所述水翼（164）以显着低的抗弯曲性偏转到预定的减小的迎角。 这种预定的压缩范围在偏转到预定迎角期间被有效地用尽，其数量有效地在水翼（164）的承载部分中产生中立弯曲表面中足够大的背风偏移，以允许水翼（164 ）以增加的载荷使水翼（164）偏转超过预定的减小的迎角而经历抗弯强度的显着大的增加。 中性弯曲表面的移动导致在预定的攻角超过之后沿着水翼（164）的攻击部分所需的伸长范围的显着增加。 还公开了用于设计水翼（164）的方法，使得其具有足够接近用于获得推进的往复冲程的频率的固有谐振频率，其量足以产生在自由中产生放大振荡的谐波加法 往复式水翼（164）的端部。

公开(公告)号：US06371821B1

公开(公告)日：2002-04-16

申请号：US09713110

申请日：2000-11-14

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B3108

CPC分类号： A63B31/11

摘要： Methods are disclosed for increasing lift and decreasing drag on hydrofoils and swim fins. These methods include providing a hydrofoil with a highly swept back leading edge portion and orienting the hydrofoil at a significantly reduced angle of attack in which the reduced angle of attack occurs at an angle that is substantially transverse to the hydrofoil's direction of movement through a surrounding fluid medium. The lee surfaces of the hydrofoil is provided with a substantially unobstructed flow path as well as a separation reducing contour so as to permit lift generating attached flow conditions to form along such lee surfaces. Substantially rigid structural reinforcement is provided to prevent the hydrofoil from deforming significantly during use. Methods are disclosed for providing a hydrofoil with a substantially longitudinal recess or venting system located substantially along the center axis of the hydrofoil. The attacking surfaces of such a hydrofoil is provided with an anhedral contour that forms a substantially lengthwise channel with the recess or venting means located along the center axis of this lengthwise channel. The anhedral contour directs water toward the center axis of the lengthwise channel, and the central recess or venting system permits water to flow through it toward the lee surfaces in order to reduce the occurrence of outward directed spanwise flow conditions along the attacking surfaces and encourage inward directed spanwise flow conditions to occur along the attacking surfaces. The central recess or venting system also permits the water flowing in an attached manner along the lee surfaces of the hydrofoil to merge with the water flowing from the attacking surfaces through the recess or venting system so that lift is efficiently generated. Methods are disclosed for applying these lift generating and drag reducing methods to both non-flexible and flexible hydrofoil blades that are used in reciprocating propulsion strokes through a fluid medium. Methods are disclosed for permitting flexible hydrofoils to deform in a manner which permits such efficient flow conditions to form under significantly light reciprocating strokes while simultaneously providing sufficient structural reinforcement to enable such flow conditions to be maintained without experiencing undesirable forms of deformation. Also provided are methods for significantly controlling and reducing the build up of torsional stress forces within a flexible hydrofoil as it is encouraged to twist to a reduced angle of attack during use so that such a twisted form is created with significant improvements in efficiency, contour, and ease.

公开(公告)号：US06050868A

公开(公告)日：2000-04-18

申请号：US21105

申请日：1998-02-10

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  B63B1/24 ,  B63H1/26 ,  B63H1/36 ,  B63H16/04 ,  B63H25/38 ,  A63B31/08

CPC分类号： B63H1/36 ,  A63B31/11 ,  B63B1/248 ,  B63B2039/063 ,  B63H1/26 ,  B63H16/04 ,  B63H25/382

摘要： A hydrofoil and swim fin is provided for increasing lift and decreasing drag. In a preferred embodiment, the hydrofoil has a swept back leading edge and is oriented at a reduced angle of attack substantially transverse to the direction of movement of the hydrofoil. Structural reinforcement may be used to inhibit hydrofoil deformation during use, and a recess may be incorporated into the hydrofoil to direct fluid flow with respect to the hydrofoil surface. Torsional stress that acts on the hydrofoil when in use is also addressed.

摘要翻译： 提供水翼和游翅用于增加升力和减少阻力。 在一个优选实施例中，水翼具有扫掠的前缘并以基本横向于水翼的运动方向的减小的迎角定向。 结构加固件可用于在使用期间抑制水翼变形，并且可以将凹槽引入到水翼中以引导相对于水翼表面的流体流动。 在使用中作用于水翼的扭转应力也得到了解决。

公开(公告)号：US07581997B2

公开(公告)日：2009-09-01

申请号：US11899247

申请日：2007-09-05

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B31/08

CPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B2031/115

摘要： Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance. This predetermined compression range is significantly used up during the deflection to the predetermined angle of attack in an amount effective to create a sufficiently large leeward shift in the neutral bending surface with the load bearing portions of the hydrofoil (164) to permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience a significantly large increase in bending resistance as increased loads deflect the hydrofoil (164) beyond the predetermined reduced angle of attack. The shift in the neutral bending surface causes a significant increase in the elongation range required along an attacking portion of the hydrofoil (164) after the predetermined angle of attack is exceed. Methods are also disclosed for designing the hydrofoil (164) so that it has a natural resonant frequency that is sufficiently close the frequency of the reciprocating strokes used to attain propulsion in an amount sufficient to create harmonic wave addition that creates an amplified oscillation in the free end of the reciprocating hydrofoil (164).

摘要翻译： 公开了设计弹性水翼（164）的方法，其能够在显着变化的载荷下具有基本类似的大尺度叶片偏转。 该方法允许水翼（164）在相对较轻的载荷下经历显着大的偏转以显着减小的迎角，同时在增加的载荷条件下避免过度的偏转。 在所述水翼（164）的所述李部分上的预定压缩范围允许所述水翼（164）以显着低的抗弯曲性偏转到预定的减小的迎角。 这种预定的压缩范围在偏转到预定迎角期间被有效地用尽，其数量有效地在水翼（164）的承载部分中产生中立弯曲表面中足够大的背风偏移，以允许水翼（164 ）以增加的载荷使水翼（164）偏转超过预定的减小的迎角而经历抗弯强度的显着大的增加。 中性弯曲表面的移动导致在预定的攻角超过之后沿着水翼（164）的攻击部分所需的伸长范围的显着增加。 还公开了用于设计水翼（164）的方法，使得其具有足够接近用于获得推进的往复冲程的频率的固有谐振频率，其量足以产生在自由中产生放大振荡的谐波加法 往复式水翼（164）的端部。

公开(公告)号：US07465205B2

公开(公告)日：2008-12-16

申请号：US11489937

申请日：2006-07-19

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B31/08

CPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B2031/115

摘要： Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance. This predetermined compression range is significantly used up during the deflection to the predetermined angle of attack in an amount effective to create a sufficiently large leeward shift in the neutral bending surface with the load bearing portions of the hydrofoil (164) to permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience a significantly large increase in bending resistance as increased loads deflect the hydrofoil (164) beyond the predetermined reduced angle of attack. The shift in the neutral bending surface causes a significant increase in the elongation range required along an attacking portion of the hydrofoil (164) after the predetermined angle of attack is exceed. Methods are also disclosed for designing the hydrofoil (164) so that it has a natural resonant frequency that is sufficiently close the frequency of the reciprocating strokes used to attain propulsion in an amount sufficient to create harmonic wave addition that creates an amplified oscillation in the free end of the reciprocating hydrofoil (164).

摘要翻译： 公开了设计弹性水翼（164）的方法，其能够在显着变化的载荷下具有基本类似的大尺度叶片偏转。 该方法允许水翼（164）在相对较轻的载荷下经历显着大的偏转以显着减小的迎角，同时在增加的载荷条件下避免过度的偏转。 在所述水翼（164）的所述李部分上的预定压缩范围允许所述水翼（164）以显着低的抗弯曲性偏转到预定的减小的迎角。 这种预定的压缩范围在偏转到预定迎角期间被有效地用尽，其数量有效地在水翼（164）的承载部分中产生中立弯曲表面中足够大的背风偏移，以允许水翼（164 ）以增加的载荷使水翼（164）偏转超过预定的减小的迎角而经历抗弯强度的显着大的增加。 中性弯曲表面的移动导致在预定的攻角超过之后沿着水翼（164）的攻击部分所需的伸长范围的显着增加。 还公开了用于设计水翼（164）的方法，使得其具有足够接近用于获得推进的往复冲程的频率的固有谐振频率，其量足以产生在自由中产生放大振荡的谐波加法 往复式水翼（164）的端部。

公开(公告)号：US07018256B2

公开(公告)日：2006-03-28

申请号：US10877969

申请日：2004-06-25

申请人： Peter T. McCarthy

发明人： Peter T. McCarthy

IPC分类号： A63B31/08

CPC分类号： A63B31/11 ,  A63B2031/115

摘要： Methods are disclosed to design resilient hydrofoils (164) which are capable of having substantially similar large scale blade deflections under significantly varying loads. The methods permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience significantly large-scale deflections to a significantly reduced angle of attack under a relatively light load while avoiding excessive degrees of deflection under increased loading conditions. A predetermined compression range on the lee portion of said hydrofoil (164) permits the hydrofoil (164) to deflect to a predetermined reduced angle of attack with significantly low bending resistance. This predetermined compression range is significantly used up during the deflection to the predetermined angle of attack in an amount effective to create a sufficiently large leeward shift in the neutral bending surface with the load bearing portions of the hydrofoil (164) to permit the hydrofoil (164) to experience a significantly large increase in bending resistance as increased loads deflect the hydrofoil (164) beyond the predetermined reduced angle of attack. The shift in the neutral bending surface causes a significant increase in the elongation range required along an attacking portion of the hydrofoil (164) after the predetermined angle of attack is exceed. Methods are also disclosed for designing the hydrofoil (164) so that it has a natural resonant frequency that is sufficiently close the frequency of the reciprocating strokes used to attain propulsion in an amount sufficient to create harmonic wave addition that creates an amplified oscillation in the free end of the reciprocating hydrofoil (164). Methods are also disclosed for focusing energy storage and blade deflections along focused regions of load bearing members and the hydrofoil (164). Methods are also disclosed for reducing induced drag vortex formation along the lee surface of the hydrofoil (164), reducing drag and increasing the formation of lift forces.