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公开(公告)号：US06936370B1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US09643550
申请日：2000-08-22
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Jared L. Taylor , John M. Gascoyne , Thomas R. Ralph
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Jared L. Taylor , John M. Gascoyne , Thomas R. Ralph
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in the fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel (for example, fuel starvation). In order to pass current during fuel starvation, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by promoting water electrolysis over anode component oxidation at the anode. This can be accomplished by incorporating a catalyst composition at the anode to promote the water electrolysis reaction, in addition to the typical anode electrocatalyst for promoting fuel oxidation.
摘要翻译： 在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。 例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应（例如，燃料不足），则可能发生电池电压反转。 为了在燃料不足期间通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。 后者可能导致阳极的显着降解。 通过在阳极上的阳极组分氧化促进水电解，可以使这种燃料电池更容忍电池逆转。 这可以通过在阳极处引入催化剂组合物以促进水电解反应来实现，除了用于促进燃料氧化的典型的阳极电催化剂之外。
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2.发明申请SUPPORTED CATALYSTS FOR THE ANODE OF A VOLTAGE REVERSAL TOLERANT FUEL CELL 审中-公开用于电压反向耐受燃料电池阳极的支持催化剂公开(公告)号：US20090053575A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：US12200483
申请日：2008-08-28
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel. In order to pass current, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode, particularly if the anode employs a carbon black supported catalyst. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by using higher catalyst loading or coverage on the anode catalyst support or a more oxidation resistant anode catalyst support, such as a more graphitic carbon or Ti4O7.
摘要翻译： 在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。 例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应，则可能发生电池电压反转。 为了通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组分的氧化。 后者可能导致阳极的显着降解，特别是如果阳极采用负载炭黑的催化剂。 通过使用更高的催化剂负载量或覆盖在阳极催化剂载体上或更耐氧化的阳极催化剂载体，例如更多的石墨碳或Ti 4 O 7，可以使这种燃料电池对电池反转更具有耐受性。
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3.发明授权Method and device for improved catalytic activity in the purification of fluids 失效用于改善流体净化中催化活性的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06896792B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-24
申请号：US10167063
申请日：2002-06-11
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662
摘要： The activity of catalysts used in promoting the oxidation of certain oxidizable species in fluids can be enhanced via electrochemical methods, e.g., NEMCA. In particular, the activity of catalysts used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide can be enhanced. A purification system that exploits this effect is useful in purifying reformate supplied as fuel to a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack. The purification system comprises an electrolytic cell with fluid diffusion electrodes. The activity of catalyst incorporated in the cell anode is enhanced.
摘要翻译： 用于促进流体中某些可氧化物质氧化的催化剂的活性可以通过电化学方法例如NEMCA来增强。 特别地，可以提高用于选择性氧化一氧化碳的催化剂的活性。 利用这种效果的净化系统可用于将作为燃料提供的重整产物纯化成固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆。 净化系统包括具有流体扩散电极的电解池。 加入到电池阳极中的催化剂的活性得到增强。
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4.发明授权Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in a liquid feed electrochemical fuel cell 失效用于减少液体进料电化学燃料电池中的反应物交换的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06613464B1
公开(公告)日：2003-09-02
申请号：US09255428
申请日：1999-02-22
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M4/926 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8626 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In an electrochemical fuel cell, a sufficient quantity of catalyst, effective for promoting the reaction of reactant supplied to an electrode, is disposed within the volume of the electrode so that a reactant introduced at a first major surface of the electrode is substantially completely reacted upon contacting the second major surface. Crossover of reactant from one electrode to the other electrode through the electrolyte in an electrochemical fuel cell is thereby reduced.
摘要翻译： 在电化学燃料电池中，在电极的体积内设置足够量的促进反应物供应到电极的催化剂，使得在电极的第一主表面上引入的反应基本上完全反应在 接触第二主表面。 因此，电化学燃料电池中通过电解质从一个电极到另一个电极的反应物交叉交叉。
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公开(公告)号：US06475651B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09628626
申请日：2000-07-31
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/04089
摘要： A method of detecting transfer leaks within a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack comprises: supplying fuel or inert gas to the oxidant manifold(s) of the stack at a first pressure; supplying the other of fuel or inert gas to the fuel manifold(s) at a second pressure greater than or equal to the first pressure; optionally supplying fuel to the coolant manifold(s) at a third pressure; applying a potential difference across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies; and measuring the transfer current across the fuel cell assembly or assemblies. A corresponding apparatus detects transfer leaks within solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells stacks.
摘要翻译： 检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏的方法包括：在第一压力下将燃料或惰性气体供应到堆叠的氧化剂歧管; 以大于或等于第一压力的第二压力将燃料或惰性气体中的另一种供应到燃料歧管; 可选地在第三压力下向所述冷却剂歧管供应燃料; 在所述燃料电池组件中的至少一个上施加电势差; 并测量燃料电池组件或组件上的传输电流。 相应的装置检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏。
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公开(公告)号：US6074773A
公开(公告)日：2000-06-13
申请号：US36389
申请日：1998-03-06
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8892 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/926 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method is provided for treating electrocatalyst particles and using the treated electrocatalyst for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell. The treatment method comprises impregnating pores of the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant wherein the pores comprise micropores which have an aperture size less than 0.1 micron. The impregnant is preferably ion-conducting and may comprise an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a polymer. Alternatively, or in addition, the impregnant has an oxygen permeability greater than that of water. The method of impregnating the electrocatalyst particles preferably comprises the steps of contacting the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant and subjecting the electrocatalyst particles to a vacuum and/or an elevated pressure above atmospheric pressure. The treated electrocatalyst particles are incorporated into an electrochemical fuel cell. The impregnant improves the mass transport properties for the movement of reactants and reaction products within the micropores of the electrocatalyst particles, thereby improving electrocatalyst utilization and electrochemical fuel cell performance for a fixed amount of electrocatalyst.
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公开(公告)号：US5863673A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-26
申请号：US768650
申请日：1996-12-18
CPC分类号： H01M4/8626 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/926 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A porous electrode substrate for an electrochemical fuel cell comprises at least one preformed web having low or poor electrical conductivity. The web contains an electrically conductive filler. A method for preparing a porous electrode substrate for an electrochemical fuel cell comprises the step of filling a preformed web, the web having low or poor electrical conductivity, with an electrically conductive filler.
摘要翻译： 用于电化学燃料电池的多孔电极基底包括至少一个具有低或差导电性的预成型网。 网包含导电填料。 一种制备用于电化学燃料电池的多孔电极基板的方法包括用导电填料填充预成型的网状物（具有低或差的导电性）的步骤。
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8.发明授权Method and apparatus for detecting transfer leaks in fuel cells and fuel cell stacks 失效用于检测燃料电池和燃料电池堆中的转移泄漏的方法和装置公开(公告)号：US06638650B1
公开(公告)日：2003-10-28
申请号：US09677104
申请日：2000-09-29
IPC分类号： H01M800
CPC分类号： H01M8/04671 , H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/04783
摘要： A method of detecting transfer leaks within a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack comprising a plurality of fuel cell assemblies includes supplying reactants and inert gas to the fuel, oxidant and/or coolant manifolds of the stack, as appropriate, and measuring the voltage across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies. An apparatus for detecting transfer leaks within solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stacks comprises a device for measuring the voltage across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies. Transfer leaks across the polymer electrolyte membrane, and across reactant-coolant bipolar plates, may be detected according to the present method and apparatus.
摘要翻译： 在包括多个燃料电池组件的固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆中检测转移泄漏的方法包括：将反应物和惰性气体酌情供应到堆的燃料，氧化剂和/或冷却剂歧管，并测量在 至少一个燃料电池组件。 用于检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏的装置包括用于测量至少一个燃料电池组件上的电压的装置。 可以根据本方法和装置检测穿过聚合物电解质膜和跨反应物 - 冷却剂双极板的渗漏。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5874182A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-23
申请号：US939673
申请日：1997-09-29
CPC分类号： H01M4/926 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8626 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/1004
摘要： In an electrochemical fuel cell, a sufficient quantity of catalyst, effective for promoting the reaction of reactant supplied to an electrode, is disposed within the volume of the electrode so that a reactant introduced at a first major surface of the electrode is substantially completely reacted upon contacting the second major surface. Crossover of reactant from one electrode to the other electrode through the electrolyte in an electrochemical fuel cell is thereby reduced.
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10.发明授权Impregnation of microporous electrocatalyst particles for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell 失效用于改善电化学燃料电池性能的微孔电催化剂颗粒的浸渍公开(公告)号：US06610432B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09623254
申请日：2000-11-21
IPC分类号： H01M810
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8892 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/926 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method is provided for treating electrocatalyst particles and using the treated electrocatalyst for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell. The treatment method comprises impregnating pores of the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant wherein the pores comprise micropores which have an aperture size less than 0.1 micron. The impregnant is preferably ion-conducting and may comprise an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a polymer. Alternatively, or in addition, the impregnant has an oxygen permeability greater than that of water. The method of impregnating the electrocatalyst particles preferably comprises the steps of contacting the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant and subjecting the electrocatalyst particles to a vacuum and/or an elevated pressure above atmospheric pressure. The treated electrocatalyst particles are incorporated into an electrochemical fuel cell. The impregnant improves the mass transport properties for the movement of reactants and reaction products within the micropores of the electrocatalyst particles, thereby improving electrocatalyst utilization and electrochemical fuel cell performance for a fixed amount of electrocatalyst.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种处理电催化剂颗粒并使用经处理的电催化剂改善电化学燃料电池性能的方法。 处理方法包括用浸渍剂浸渍电催化剂颗粒的孔，其中孔包括孔径小于0.1微米的微孔。 浸渍剂优选是离子导电的，并且可以包含有机酸，无机酸或聚合物。 或者，或者另外，浸渍剂的氧气渗透性大于水。 浸渍电催化剂颗粒的方法优选包括使电催化剂颗粒与浸渍剂接触并使电催化剂颗粒经受高于大气压的真空和/或高压的步骤。 将经处理的电催化剂颗粒结合到电化学燃料电池中。 浸渍剂改善了电催化剂颗粒微孔内反应物和反应产物运动的质量传递性能，从而提高了固定量的电催化剂的电催化剂利用率和电化学燃料电池性能。
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